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Text-fig. 4. Charred grass from diatomite of Saint-Bauzile. a: Overview of diatomite slab with one larger specimen of charred grass (left) and several smaller, lath-shaped charcoal fragments; SM.B 22260; scale bar = 1 cm. b: Detail of vein exhibited on split grass blade, with stomata oriented parallel to vein. c: Stomata oriented in rows and bands parallel to veins exposed on split grass blade. d: Surface of grass leaf with rectangular, elongated cells with strongly undulating margins in an intercostal area. in Evidence For Wildfires During Deposition Of The Late Miocene Diatomites Of The Konservat-Lagerstätte Lake Saint-Bauzile (Ardèche, France) - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 4. Charred grass from diatomite of Saint-Bauzile. a: Overview of diatomite slab with one larger specimen of charred grass (left) and several smaller, lath-shaped charcoal fragments; SM.B 22260; scale bar = 1 cm. b: Detail of vein exhibited on split grass blade, with stomata oriented parallel to vein. c: Stomata oriented in rows and bands parallel to veins exposed on split grass blade. d: Surface of grass leaf with rectangular, elongated cells with strongly undulating margins in an intercostal area.
→ Fig. 9. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior median dorsal (A–G) and posterior median dorsal (H–M) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/5 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/108 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/97 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/113 in dorsal (D1) and visceral (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/140 in dorsal (E1) and visceral (E2) views. F. Impression of the dorsal surface of IG KSC 155/42. G. IG KSC 155/44 in dorsal view. H. Fragment of IG KSC 155/7 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/1 in dorsal (I1) and visceral (I2) views. J. IG KSC 155/71 in dorsal view. K. Slightly deformed IG KSC 155/70 in dorsal (K1) and visceral (K2) views. L. IG KSC 155/158 in dorsal view. M. IG KSC 155/157 in dorsal (M1) and visceral (M2) views. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior dorso-lateral plate; alr, postlevator thickening; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; cf.ADL, cf.AMD, and cf.MxL, area overlapping ADL, AMD or MxL respectively; cr.tp, posterior transversal internal crest; dlg1 and dlg2, anterior and posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dma, tergal angle; dmr, dorsal median ridge; f.retr, levator fossa; grm, ventral median groove; l, lateral corner; mvr, median ventral ridge; MxL, mixilateral plate; npn, postnuchal notch; oa.ADL, oa.MxL and oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, MxL or PMD respectively; pa, posterior corner; pma, posterior marginal area; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pr.p, posterior process of AMD; pr.pl, external postlevator process; prv2, posterior ventral process of dorsal wall of trunk armour; pt1 and pt2, anterior and posterior ventral pit; pua, posterior unornamented area of PMD; rf, "round fossula"; sna, supranuchal area; tb, ventral tuberosity. in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary
→ Fig. 9. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior median dorsal (A–G) and posterior median dorsal (H–M) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/5 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/108 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/97 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/113 in dorsal (D1) and visceral (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/140 in dorsal (E1) and visceral (E2) views. F. Impression of the dorsal surface of IG KSC 155/42. G. IG KSC 155/44 in dorsal view. H. Fragment of IG KSC 155/7 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/1 in dorsal (I1) and visceral (I2) views. J. IG KSC 155/71 in dorsal view. K. Slightly deformed IG KSC 155/70 in dorsal (K1) and visceral (K2) views. L. IG KSC 155/158 in dorsal view. M. IG KSC 155/157 in dorsal (M1) and visceral (M2) views. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior dorso-lateral plate; alr, postlevator thickening; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; cf.ADL, cf.AMD, and cf.MxL, area overlapping ADL, AMD or MxL respectively; cr.tp, posterior transversal internal crest; dlg1 and dlg2, anterior and posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dma, tergal angle; dmr, dorsal median ridge; f.retr, levator fossa; grm, ventral median groove; l, lateral corner; mvr, median ventral ridge; MxL, mixilateral plate; npn, postnuchal notch; oa.ADL, oa.MxL and oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, MxL or PMD respectively; pa, posterior corner; pma, posterior marginal area; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pr.p, posterior process of AMD; pr.pl, external postlevator process; prv2, posterior ventral process of dorsal wall of trunk armour; pt1 and pt2, anterior and posterior ventral pit; pua, posterior unornamented area of PMD; rf, "round fossula"; sna, supranuchal area; tb, ventral tuberosity.
US reservoir surface and littoral area
<p>These datasets include estimates for littoral area and surface areas (based on water occurrence and recurrence) for reservoirs in the US that are documented in HydroLakes.</p>
Train and Evaluation Code, Road Classification Models and Test set of the paper "Insights into the Effects of Image Overlap and Image Size on Semantic Segmentation Models Trained for Road Surface Area Extraction from Aerial Orthophotography"
<p>This repository contains the Python scripts built for training and evaluation of the implementation, together with the test data and the resulting road segmentation models corresponding to the paper "Insights into the Effects of Image Overlap and Image Size on Semantic Segmentation Models Trained for Road Surface Area Extraction from Aerial Orthophotography". The scripts make use of the Tensorflow with Keras framework and their additional required dependencies.</p> <p>The training and validation set is based on the binary SROADEX dataset (<a href="../records/6482346">https://zenodo.org/records/6482346</a>) that was re-split into tiles that feature the image resolutions (256 x 256, 512 x 512, and 1024 x 1024 pixels) and image overlaps (0% and 12.5%) considered in this study. The data have been generated using scripts developed in Python using Open Source libraries (GDAL/OGR and MapScript) for rasterization of vector cartography that represents the axes of the different types of roads (urban, interurban and rural). This binary road data contains information from 16 full orthoimages (28.5 km * 18.5 km) with spatial resolution of 0.5 m/pixel from the insular and peninsular Spanish territory. Due to the size on disk of approximately 492 gigabytes, this training and validation data is only available upon request from the corresponding author. The test set has been generated from a novel area from Palencia (Spain) and features 18 million pixels labelled with the positive "Road" class. The test sets are provided in the repository for each resolution (with no overlap), so that additional DL models can be evaluated on the same data and compared with the results achieved in this study.</p> <p>The structure of the information shared in this repository is as follows:<br>The scripts have been grouped by tile resolution (256, 512 and 1024). First, the test set and the evaluation script can be found. For each tile resolution, there are two subfolders (corresponding to the "no overlap" and "12.5% overlap"). In each case, the Python scripts for training the models in the three repetitions are shared, and the trained models (H5 format) are shared in compressed form. Finally, for each resolution we also share the testing dataset which consists of two folders.</p> <p>The material is distributed under a CC-BY 4.0 license.</p>
Datasets and code for Rapljenović et al. 2024: Adsorption of trace metals onto different plastics during long-term exposure in an estuarine environment: influence of time, stratified water column, and specific surface area
<p>This repository contains datasets and R code to reproduce results from Rapljenović et al. 2024: Adsorption of trace metals onto different plastics during long-term exposure in an estuarine environment: influence of time, stratified water column, and specific surface area.</p>
Data for "Temporally Variable Stream Width and Surface Area Distributions in a Headwater Catchment" by Barefoot et al.
<p>This repository holds data necessary for reproducing results from Barefoot et al. (in prep). The data is a record of high-resolution stream width measurements in Stony Creek, a headwater stream in North Carolina, USA. Included are:</p> <ul> <li>Width measurements for 13 surveys collected from 2015 to 2016. </li> <li>High-resolution discharge measurements of discharge collected over the same period.</li> <li>Data summarizing the topology of the drainage network during each survey.</li> <li>A 5-year record of discharge from the closest USGS gauge for historical flow characterization. </li> <li>Data for estimating measurement error. </li> <li>A summary table for drainage density during each survey as well as other summary statistics. </li> <li>Geographic data detailing the mapped stream locations. </li> </ul> <p>The records span a range of discharge conditions measured from summer 2015 to spring 2016. Other hydrological data for this catchment for a longer range of time is available by request from Dr. Margaret Zimmer and Dr. Brian McGlynn. </p> <p>Code for analyzing and reproducing these results can be found on Github at [insert link to repo here.]</p>
High resolution Sea Surface Wind retrieval over coastal Protected Areas by means of Sentinel-1 data
<p><br> The algorithm used, i.e. SARWIND LG-Mod ver. v4.01 (see reference below), is aimed at producing the Sea Surface Wind (SSW), i.e. Speed and Direction, from a single co-polarized (VV or HH) SAR image. We used EW (Extended Wide) and IW (Interferometric Wide) Swath Mode GRD (Ground Range, Multi-Look, Detected) HR (High Resolution) Sentinel-1 images, with pixel spacings of 40m x 40m and 10m x 10m (azimuth x range) respectively. Associated auxiliary products were obtained from ESA SNAP 5.0 release. SSW fields were provided for the two coastal Protected Areas (PAs) named Camargue and Wadden Sea.</p> <p>Each output folder of the SARWIND LG-Mod results contains useful plots and the estimated SSW field, provided in the file 'SAR_Sigma0_pp_decimationL2P2Tn_gradientOptSobel_LGMod_Results.txt' (pp = VV or HH; n = smoothing/decimation level), which is in the sub-folder 'LG-Mod_Theoretical_Results/Results_MEdegTHxx.xxx_Fisher (where xx.xxx is the final threshold applied). This txt file reports the following 19 columns:</p> <p><br> 1) LAT; 2) LON; 3) AZI; 4) RNG; [Location of the centre of the processed AOI]</p> <p>5) REF_U; 6) REF_V; 7) REF_W; 8) REF_D; [ECMWF reference wind, as U/V components and speed/direction]</p> <p>9) SAR_U; 10) SAR_V; 11) SAR_W; 12) SAR_D; [SARWIND LG-Mod wind estimates, as U/V components and speed/direction]</p> <p>Both REF_D and SAR_D are wind directions (expressed in degrees) with respect to the geographic North (0°=North, 90°=East, 180°=South, 270°=West), that the wind is blowing to.<br> Both REF_W and SAR_W are wind speeds (expressed in m/s).<br> Regarding REF_U/SAR_U and REF_V/SAR_V, note that a positive U component represents wind blowing to the East; a positive V component represents wind blowing to the North.</p> <p>13) SceneCentre_TrueHeading_FF; [Mean angle formed between the geographical South-North direction and the SAR azimuth direction (wrt the centre of the SAR Full-Frame image)]</p> <p>SceneCentre_TrueHeading_FF is a positive clockwise angle. In particular: SceneCentre_TrueHeading_FF is in ]180,360[ [deg].<br> Thus:<br> Descending Pass <-> SceneCentre_TrueHeading_FF is in ]180,270[ [deg]<br> Ascending Pass <-> SceneCentre_TrueHeading_FF is in ]270,360[ [deg]</p> <p>14) ROI_Npoints_UnUsablePointsMasked; [Number of samples used for each SARWIND LG-Mod wind estimation]</p> <p>15) MeanIncAng; 16) MeanNRCS; [Mean incident angle (expressed in degrees) and NRCS of the ROI]</p> <p>17) MeanResultantLength; 18) Alpha2_Est; [Fisher's formula parameters]</p> <p>19) MEdeg [Margin of Error, i.e. accuracy of each wind direction estimate, between 0° and 45°]</p> <p>The accuracy MEdeg is given by the semi-width of the confidence interval, with a confidence level (1-α) fixed, which is assigned to the wind direction estimate. Consequently, lower MEdeg values correspond to better estimates. And, if MEdeg == 45°, wind estimates must be discharged.</p> <p><br> Finally, note also that you can cut an entire row when [SAR_U SAR_V SAR_W SAR_D] == [NaN NaN NaN NaN] (typically, this happens for 'land pixels').</p> <p>% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %<br> % %<br> % REFERENCES: %<br> % %<br> % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %<br> % %<br> % The algorithm SARWIND LG-Mod is based on the Ph.D thesis below: %<br> % %<br> % [1] Rana, Fabio Michele (2016) "Exploitation of Satellite %<br> % Synthetic Aperture Radar Data for Geophysical Parameters Retrieval over %<br> % Land and Ocean". Unpublished Ph.D thesis. Politecnico di Bari. %<br> % %<br> % Some applications of the method are described in the following papers: %<br> % %<br> % [2] Fabio M. Rana, Maria Adamo, Guido Pasquariello, Giacomo De Carolis, %<br> % and Sandra Morelli, "LG-Mod: A Modified Local Gradient (LG) Method to %<br> % Retrieve SAR Sea Surface Wind Directions in Marine Coastal Areas," %<br> % Journal of Sensors, vol. 2016, Article ID 9565208, 7 pages, 2016. %<br> % doi:10.1155/2016/9565208. %<br> % %<br> % [3] Rana, F. M., Adamo, M., & Blanda, P. (2018, July). %<br> % LG-Mod Multi-Scale Approach for Sar Sea Surface Wind Directions %<br> % Retrieval. In IGARSS 2018-2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote %<br> % Sensing Symposium (pp. 3216-3219). IEEE. %<br> % %<br> % [4] Rana, F. M., Adamo, M., Lucas, R., & Blonda, P. (2019). Sea surface %<br> % wind retrieval in coastal areas by means of Sentinel-1 and numerical %<br> % weather prediction model data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 225, %<br> % 379-391. %<br> % %<br> % Suggestions and comments are always welcome. %<br> % Thanks in advance, %<br> % Fabio Michele Rana %<br> % %<br> % MOB: (+39) 3804114171 %<br> % E-MAILS: fabiomichele.rana@gmail.com; fabiomichele.rana@iia.cnr.it %<br> % %<br> % SKYPE: fabiomichelerana %<br> % %<br> % SARWIND_LG-Mod_v4.01, 2014-2019 %<br> % Author: Fabio M. Rana %<br> % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %<br> </p>
Text-fig. 6.—Endocranial mold of the Jordan theropod (LACM 28471). A, Dorsal view. B, Lateral view. Anterior is to the right. Lined areas represent broken bone surface and the mold is partially reconstructed in dashed lines. Abbreviations: c.h.—cerebral hemispheres, hb.—hindbrain, o.l.—optic lobe, o.n.—olfactory passage. in A new Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Central Montana
Text-fig. 6.—Endocranial mold of the Jordan theropod (LACM 28471). A, Dorsal view. B, Lateral view. Anterior is to the right. Lined areas represent broken bone surface and the mold is partially reconstructed in dashed lines. Abbreviations: c.h.—cerebral hemispheres, hb.—hindbrain, o.l.—optic lobe, o.n.—olfactory passage.
Text-fig. 3.—Frontals and parietals of the Jordan theropod (LACM 28471). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. Anterior is to the left. Lined areas represent broken surfaces and elements are partially reconstructed with dashed lines. in A new Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Central Montana
Text-fig. 3.—Frontals and parietals of the Jordan theropod (LACM 28471). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. Anterior is to the left. Lined areas represent broken surfaces and elements are partially reconstructed with dashed lines.
Text-fig. 4.—Right surangular fragment of the Jordan theropod (LACM 28471). Lined areas represent broken surfaces. in A new Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Central Montana
Text-fig. 4.—Right surangular fragment of the Jordan theropod (LACM 28471). Lined areas represent broken surfaces.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular.
Text-fig. 51. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Mcdougallia irregularis gen. et sp. nov. from a stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Polar view of tricolpate pollen grain showing the continuous psilate tectum in the apocolpium and the poorly developed discontinuous foveolate-reticulate tectum in the mesocolpial areas, note irregular fold in tectum wall (arrowhead); c) Equatorial view of pollen grain showing the discontinuous tectum in the mesocolpial areas; d) Pollen grains showing variably developed tectum, colpi with a finely granular aperture membrane and the folds (arrowheads) associated with the irregular development of the colpi; e) Orbicule showing faintly striate surface; f) Pollen wall showing very short columellae, thin tectum and thin foot layer. Specimen, TV44-S148215 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 51. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Mcdougallia irregularis gen. et sp. nov. from a stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Polar view of tricolpate pollen grain showing the continuous psilate tectum in the apocolpium and the poorly developed discontinuous foveolate-reticulate tectum in the mesocolpial areas, note irregular fold in tectum wall (arrowhead); c) Equatorial view of pollen grain showing the discontinuous tectum in the mesocolpial areas; d) Pollen grains showing variably developed tectum, colpi with a finely granular aperture membrane and the folds (arrowheads) associated with the irregular development of the colpi; e) Orbicule showing faintly striate surface; f) Pollen wall showing very short columellae, thin tectum and thin foot layer. Specimen, TV44-S148215 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e, f).
Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Appofructus gen. nov. and associated pollen grains; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Appofructus nudus gen. et sp. nov., lateral views of fruits (holotype figured in a) showing the ribbed surface, the poorly defined apical stigmatic area and short stalk; c, d) Appofructus sp. lateral view of fruit showing the absence of hooked hairs, the apical stigmatic area, the short stalk and pollen grain from the fruit surface (d); e–g) Appofructus nudus gen. et sp. nov., individual monocolpate pollen grains (f, g) from the group of pollen grains on the stigmatic surface (e). Specimens, TV44-S148143 (holotype; a); TV44-S148007 (b), TV38-S174610 (c, d), TV44-S148141 (e, f), TV44-S136687 (g). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c), 60 Μm (e), 6 Μm (d, f, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Appofructus gen. nov. and associated pollen grains; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Appofructus nudus gen. et sp. nov., lateral views of fruits (holotype figured in a) showing the ribbed surface, the poorly defined apical stigmatic area and short stalk; c, d) Appofructus sp. lateral view of fruit showing the absence of hooked hairs, the apical stigmatic area, the short stalk and pollen grain from the fruit surface (d); e–g) Appofructus nudus gen. et sp. nov., individual monocolpate pollen grains (f, g) from the group of pollen grains on the stigmatic surface (e). Specimens, TV44-S148143 (holotype; a); TV44-S148007 (b), TV38-S174610 (c, d), TV44-S148141 (e, f), TV44-S136687 (g). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c), 60 Μm (e), 6 Μm (d, f, g).
Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds of Pazliopsis reyi (a–c) and Anaspermum operculatum gen. et sp. nov. (d–j). a) Seed in lateral view showing poorly preserved remains of fruit wall and rough surface of the exotesta; b) Section through the wall of a broken seed showing palisade cells of the exotesta; c) Seed surface showing sunken very deeply sinuous outlines of the exotesta cells; d–f, h, i) Seeds in lateral view (holotype figured in d) showing the pointed micropylar-hilar area, the rounded chalazal end, the smooth surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines, and the distinct course of the raphe; g) Surface of the exotesta showing the distinctive cell outlines formed by the sinuous anticlinal walls of the palisade cells; j) Apical view of seed showing the prominent operculum. Specimens, TV43-S171534 (a), TV44-S136683 (b), TV43-S136745 (c), TV43-S136740 (holotype; d), TV43-S136746 (e), TV43-S136739 (f), TV43-S170083 (g), TV S136743 (h), TV43-S136742 (i), TV38-S174608 (j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b, d–f, h, i), 50 Μm (j), 30 Μm (c, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds of Pazliopsis reyi (a–c) and Anaspermum operculatum gen. et sp. nov. (d–j). a) Seed in lateral view showing poorly preserved remains of fruit wall and rough surface of the exotesta; b) Section through the wall of a broken seed showing palisade cells of the exotesta; c) Seed surface showing sunken very deeply sinuous outlines of the exotesta cells; d–f, h, i) Seeds in lateral view (holotype figured in d) showing the pointed micropylar-hilar area, the rounded chalazal end, the smooth surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines, and the distinct course of the raphe; g) Surface of the exotesta showing the distinctive cell outlines formed by the sinuous anticlinal walls of the palisade cells; j) Apical view of seed showing the prominent operculum. Specimens, TV43-S171534 (a), TV44-S136683 (b), TV43-S136745 (c), TV43-S136740 (holotype; d), TV43-S136746 (e), TV43-S136739 (f), TV43-S170083 (g), TV S136743 (h), TV43-S136742 (i), TV38-S174608 (j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b, d–f, h, i), 50 Μm (j), 30 Μm (c, g).
Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing
Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i).
Text-fig. 7. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype; seed in lateral view showing seed shape; note that the seed is broken near the lower surface of the hilum (S174345). b) Oblique apical view of micropylar-hilar region of holotype showing slightly ruptured micropylar slit (mi) in the outer integument and two bulging and abraded areas (arrow heads) close to hilum. c) Seed in oblique lateral-raphal view showing the two bulging structures (arrow heads) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (S174472). d) Tangential, longitudinal cut (cut at yz0131) through the seed coat of seed in (7c) showing the undulate anticlinal cell walls of the exotesta cells that are thickest towards the outside and thinner towards the inside. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 7. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype; seed in lateral view showing seed shape; note that the seed is broken near the lower surface of the hilum (S174345). b) Oblique apical view of micropylar-hilar region of holotype showing slightly ruptured micropylar slit (mi) in the outer integument and two bulging and abraded areas (arrow heads) close to hilum. c) Seed in oblique lateral-raphal view showing the two bulging structures (arrow heads) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (S174472). d) Tangential, longitudinal cut (cut at yz0131) through the seed coat of seed in (7c) showing the undulate anticlinal cell walls of the exotesta cells that are thickest towards the outside and thinner towards the inside. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d).
Changes in community-weighted trait mean, functional diversity, precipitation, temperature and surface area along an elevational gradient in Tenerife, Canary Islands
<p>This dataset comprises community-weighted trait means and functional diversity of leaf traits, precipitation, temperature and surface area of the elevational belt recorded in roadside (disturbed) and interior (less disturbed) plots, along an elevational gradient of 2,300 m in Tenerife, Canary Islands. The leaf traits measured were specific leaf area (SLA), nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous, nitrogen to carbon ratio, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), sodium, potassium and magnesium. The environmental variables measured are total precipitation of the growing season, mean temperature of the growing season and surface area of the elevation belt. This dataset has been used for the analysis presented in Ratier Backes et al. (in press). Mechanisms behind elevational plant species richness patterns revealed by a trait-based approach. <em>Journal of Vegetation Science</em>.</p>
ReaLSAT, a global dataset of reservoir and lake surface area variations
<p>Reservoir and Lake Surface Area Timeseries (ReaLSAT) dataset provides an unprecedented reconstruction of surface area variations of lakes and reservoirs at a global scale using Earth Observation (EO) data and novel machine learning techniques. The dataset provides monthly scale surface area variations (1984 to 2020) of 681,137 water bodies below 50°N and sizes greater than 0.1 square kilometers.</p> <p> The dataset contains the following files:</p> <p>1) ReaLSAT.zip: A shapefile that contains the reference shape of waterbodies in the dataset.</p> <p>2) monthly_timeseries.zip: contains one CSV file for each water body. The CSV file provides monthly surface area variation values. The CSV files are stored in a subfolder corresponding to each 10 degree by 10 degree cell. For example, monthly_timeseries_60_-50 folders contain CSV files of lakes that lie between 60 E and 70 E longitude, and 50S and 40 S. </p> <p>3) monthly_shapes_<bottom_left_lon>_<bottom_left_lat>.zip: contains a geotiff for each water body that lie within the 10 degree by 10 degree cell. Please refer to the visualization notebook on how to use these geotiffs. </p> <p>4) evaluation_data.zip: contains the random subsets of the dataset used for evaluation. The zip file contains a README file that describes the evaluation data.</p> <p>6) generate_realsat_timeseries.ipynb: a Google Colab notebook that provides the code to generate timerseries and surface extent maps for any waterbody.</p> <p>Please refer to the following papers to learn more about the processing pipeline used to create ReaLSAT dataset:</p> <p>[1] Khandelwal, Ankush, Anuj Karpatne, Praveen Ravirathinam, Rahul Ghosh, Zhihao Wei, Hilary A. Dugan, Paul C. Hanson, and Vipin Kumar. "ReaLSAT, a global dataset of reservoir and lake surface area variations." <em>Scientific data</em> 9, no. 1 (2022): 1-12.</p> <p>[2] Khandelwal, Ankush. "ORBIT (Ordering Based Information Transfer): A Physics Guided Machine Learning Framework to Monitor the Dynamics of Water Bodies at a Global Scale." (2019).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Version Updates</strong></p> <p>Version 2.0:</p> <p>- extends the datasets to 2020.</p> <p>- provides geotiffs instead of shapefiles for individual lakes to reduce dataset size.</p> <p>- provides a notebook to visualize the updated dataset. </p> <p>Version 1.4: added 1120 large lakes to the dataset and removed partial lakes that overlapped with these large lakes.</p> <p>Version 1.3: fixed visualization related bug in generate_realsat_timeseries.ipynb</p> <p>Version 1.2: added a Google Colab notebook that provides the code to generate timerseries and surface extent maps for any waterbody in ReaLSAT database.</p>
Pre-seismic Sentinel-1 PSI surface motion measurements for the area affected by the February 2023 Türkiye–Syria earthquakes
<p>We have processed Copernicus Sentinel-1A data from 01/2019 to 01/2023 (descending track 21) over the broader area (approx. 48400 sq. km) affected by February 6, 2023, M7.8 and M7.5 earthquakes in Türkiye and Syria, utilizing the SNAPPING Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) medium resolution service of the Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP; <a href="https://geohazards-tep.eu">https://geohazards-tep.eu</a>).</p> <p>Measurements contain average Line-of-Sight (LoS) velocities, corresponding uncertainties, and the complete displacement time series. Please note that the original dataset of about 2M point measurements was split into parts, each containing 200k points, to facilitate easier manipulation and visualization.</p> <p>References</p> <p>[1] Foumelis, M.; Delgado Blasco, J.M.; Brito, F.; Pacini, F.; Papageorgiou, E.; Pishehvar, P.; Bally, P. SNAPPING Services on the Geohazards Exploitation Platform for Copernicus Sentinel-1 Surface Motion Mapping. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 6075. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236075">https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236075</a></p> <p>[2] SNAPPING – Surface motioN mAPPING Sentinel-1 on-demand processing service, Online tutorial, <a href="https://docs.terradue.com/geohazards-tep/tutorials/Snapping.html">https://docs.terradue.com/geohazards-tep/tutorials/Snapping.html</a>.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.