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124 results for “temperature adaptation”

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dryad36/100

Data for: Adaptive variation in the upper limits of avian body temperature

Physiological performance declines precipitously at high body temperature (Tb), but little attention has been paid to adaptive variation in upper Tb limits among endotherms. We hypothesized that avian maximum tolerable body temperature (Tbmax) has evolved in response to climate, with higher Tbmax in species exposed to high environmental heat loads or humidity-related constraints on evaporative heat dissipation. To test this hypothesis, we compared Tbmax and related variables among 53 bird species at multiple sites in South Africa with differing maximum air temperatures (Tair) and humidity using a phylogenetically-informed comparative framework. Birds in humid, lowland habitats had comparatively high Tbmax (mean ± SD = 45.60 ± 0.58°C) and low normothermic Tb (Tbnorm), with a significantly greater capacity for hyperthermia (Tbmax -Tbnorm gradient = 5.84 ± 0.77 °C) compared to birds occupying cool montane (4.97 ± 0.99 °C) or hot arid (4.11 ± 0.84 °C) climates. Unexpectedly, Tbmax was significantly lower among desert birds (44.65 ± 0.60°C), a surprising result in light of the functional importance of hyperthermia for water conservation. Our data reveal a macrophysiological pattern and support recent arguments that endotherms have evolved thermal generalization versus specialization analogous to the continuum among ectothermic animals. Specifically, a combination of modest hyperthermia tolerance and efficient evaporative cooling in desert birds is indicative of thermal specialization, whereas greater hyperthermia tolerance and less efficient evaporative cooling among species in humid lowland habitats suggests thermal generalization.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Stay in shape: assessing the adaptive potential of shell morphology and its sensitivity to temperature in the invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum through phenotypic plasticity and natural selection in Europe

Climate change may force organisms to adapt genetically or plastically to new environmental conditions. Invasive species show a remarkable potential for rapid adaptation. The ovoviviparous New Zealand mud snail (NZMS), Potamopyrgus antipodarum, has successfully established across Europe with two clonally reproducing mitochondrial lineages since its arrival in the first half of the 19th century. Its remarkable variation in shell morphology was shown to be fitness relevant. We investigated the effects of temperature on shell morphology across eleven populations from Germany and the Iberian Peninsula in a common garden across three temperatures. We analysed size and shape using geometric morphometrics. For both, we compared reaction norms and estimated heritabilities. For size, the interaction of temperature and haplotype explained about 50% of the total variance. We also observed more genotype by environment interactions indicating a higher degree of population differentiation than in shape. Across the three temperatures, size followed the expectations of the temperature-size rule, with individuals growing larger in cold environments. Changes in shape may have compensated changes in size affecting space for brooding embryos. Heritability estimates were relatively high. As indicated by the very low coefficients of variation for clonal repeatability (CVA), they can probably not be compared in absolute terms. However, they showed some sensitivity to temperature, in haplotype t more so than in z, which was only found in Portugal. The low CVA-values indicate that genetic variation among European populations is still restricted with low potential to react to selection. A considerable fraction of the genetic variation was due to differences between the clonal lineages. The NZMS has apparently not been long enough in Europe to accumulate significant genetic variation relevant for morphological adaptation. As temperature is obviously not the sole factor influencing shell morphology, their interaction will probably not be a factor limiting population persistence under a warming climate in Europe.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Diversity, adaptation and metabolic potential of the microbiome in biofilms from a high-temperature hot spring

Hot spring microbiomes have garnered significant research attention from exploring the diversity of prokaryotic communities to genes and functional potentials. While cyanobacteria-rich biofilms, characterized by warm temperatures, have been extensively studied, there is limited investigation into high-temperature streamer biofilm communities (SBC) devoid of photosynthetic ability. Here, we studied the biofilm of a Dusun Tua (DT) hot spring with a temperature of 75°C and a pH of 7.6. This grey-tan colored biofilm appeared at sites where water had slowed down following the deposition of plants and inorganic debris along the hot spring after a flood event. Amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA showed that dominant phyla included the Aquificota, Chloroflexota, and Desulfobacterota together with other abundant amplicon sequence variants from the Bacteroidota, Deinococcota, Hydrothermae and Armatimonadota. These microbial populations appeared to be distinct from other reported SBCs from Yellowstone National Park in the USA and Rehai Hot Springs in China. Additional shotgun sequencing of the DT biofilm revealed functional insights which were compared to counterparts obtained from low-temperature biofilms to identify possible thermophilic traits. GC content of tRNA and amino acid preferences were found to be clear indicators of thermophilicity. However, other signatures such as reverse gyrase, heat shock proteins, and average GC content of the genome may not be reliable indicators. The genome-centric analyses revealed that DT biofilm members were primarily chemo-organoheterotrophic, chemolithoautotrophic, and chemolithoheterotrophic. We speculate that the biofilm could utilize plant litter as carbon sources, but the efficiency of this process is estimated to be low due to rapid water flux that would rapidly remove dissolved organic carbon. The results of this study enhance current understanding of microbial diversity, thermal adaptation and metabolic processes related to carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and other metabolisms for hot springs in tropical climates with high allochthonous plant litter inputs.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Beyond cyanogenesis: Temperature gradients drive environmental adaptation in North American white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Species that repeatedly evolve phenotypic clines across environmental gradients have been highlighted as ideal systems for characterizing the genomic basis of local environmental adaptation. However, few studies have assessed the importance of observed phenotypic clines for local adaptation: conspicuous traits that vary clinally may not necessarily be the most critical in determining local fitness. The present study was designed to fill this gap, using a plant species characterized by repeatedly-evolved adaptive phenotypic clines. White clover is naturally polymorphic for its chemical defense cyanogenesis (HCN release with tissue damage); climate-associated cyanogenesis clines have evolved throughout its native and introduced range worldwide. We performed landscape genomic analyses on 415 wild genotypes from 43 locations spanning much of the North American species range to assess the relative importance of cyanogenesis loci vs. other genomic factors in local climatic adaptation. We find clear evidence of local adaptation, with temperature-related climatic variables best describing genome-wide differentiation between sampling locations. The same climatic variables are also strongly correlated with cyanogenesis frequencies and gene copy number variations (CNVs) at cyanogenesis loci. However, landscape genomic analyses indicate no significant contribution of cyanogenesis loci to local adaptation. Instead, several genomic regions containing promising candidate genes for plant response to seasonal cues are identified — some of which are shared with previously-identified QTLs for locally-adaptive fitness traits in North American white clover. Our findings suggest that local adaptation in white clover is likely determined primarily by genes controlling the timing of growth and flowering in response to local seasonal cues. More generally, this work suggests that caution is warranted when considering the importance of conspicuous phenotypic clines as primary determinants of local adaptation.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Thermal regimes, but not mean temperatures, drive patterns of rapid climate adaptation at a continent-scale: evidence from the introduced European earwig across North America

Full data set + R script

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2019View details →

zenodo36/100

Comparative genomics of Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) and in silico analysis of temperature adaptations of plant-associated genes

Table S1: Genome assembly size and quality for every species in this study;  Table S2: Genome annotation counts for P450, virulence factors, effectors, and CAZy genes and their temperature adaptation.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

dryad36/100

The genetic architecture of temperature adaptation is shaped by population ancestry and not by selection regime

Understanding the genetic architecture of temperature adaptation is key for characterizing and predicting the effect of climate change on natural populations. One particularly promising approach is Evolve and Resequence (E&R), which combines advantages of experimental evolution such as time series, replicate populations and controlled environmental conditions, with whole genome sequencing. The recent analysis of replicate populations from two different Drosophila simulans founder populations, which were adapting to the same novel hot environment, uncovered very different architectures - either many selection targets with large heterogeneity among replicates or fewer selection targets with a consistent response among replicates. Here, we exposed the founder population from Portugal to a cold temperature regime. Although almost no selection targets were shared between the hot and cold selection regime, the adaptive architecture was similar: we identified a moderate number of targets under strong selection (19 selection targets, mean selection coefficient = 0.072) and very parallel responses in the cold evolved replicates. This similarity across different environments indicates that the adaptive architecture depends more on the ancestry of the founder population than the specific selection regime. These observations will have broad implications for the correct interpretation of the genomic responses to a changing climate in natural populations.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Adapting a propane turkey fryer to manipulate temperature in aquatic environments - Thermal manipulation datasets

There is a growing need to better understand the potential impacts of altered thermal regimes on biodiversity and ecosystem function as mean temperatures, and the likelihood of extreme temperatures, continue to increase. One valuable approach to identify mechanisms and pathways of thermally-driven change at the community level is through the manipulation of temperature in the field. However, where methods exist, they are often costly or unable to produce ecologically relevant changes in temperature. Here, we present a low cost, easily assembled, and readily customizable thermal manipulation system for tide pools or other small bodies of water – the Seaside Array for Understanding Thermal Effects (SAUTE) – and demonstrate its ability to effectively alter the temperature in tide pools. During our three-hour heating manipulation, heated pools reached temperatures 4°C warmer than unmanipulated pools. During the cooling manipulation, cooled pools remained on average 1.8°C cooler than control pools. The novel SAUTE system can be used to alter the temperature of tide pools in situ. Further, it could be modified to heat other environments such as freshwater vernal pools and settlement tiles in a realistic and meaningful manner, serving as a useful tool to test questions surrounding the relationship between climate warming, thermal variability, and ecological processes in natural aquatic communities.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

zenodo36/100

Neuronal HSF-1 coordinates the propagation of fat desaturation across tissues to enable adaptation to high temperatures in C. elegans

To survive elevated temperatures, ectotherms adjust the fluidity of membranes by fine-tuning lipid desaturation levels in a process previously described to be cell-autonomous. We have discovered that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, neuronal Heat shock Factor 1 (HSF-1), the conserved master regulator of the heat shock response (HSR)- causes extensive fat remodelling in peripheral tissues. These changes include a decrease in fat desaturase and acid lipase expression in the intestine, and a global shift in the saturation levels of plasma membrane’s phospholipids. The observed remodelling of plasma membrane is in line with ectothermic adaptive responses and gives worms a cumulative advantage to warm temperatures. We have determined that at least six TAX-2/TAX-4 cGMP gated channel expressing sensory neurons and TGF-β/BMP are required for signalling across tissues to modulate fat desaturation. We also find neuronal hsf-1  is not only sufficient but also partially necessary to control the fat remodelling response and for survival at warm temperatures. This is the first study to show that a thermostat-based mechanism can cell non-autonomously coordinate membrane saturation and composition across tissues in a multicellular animal.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for the effects of temperature variation on the thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration

Data for the effects of temperature variation on the thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for New cold-adapted bacteria for efficient hydrolysis of feather waste at low temperature paper

A novel cold-adapted bacteria Arthrobacter oryzae BIM B-1663 isolated from Antarctic green snow showed keratinase activity and efficient poultry feather degradation. A. oryzae strain degraded more than 80% of chicken feathers within 7 days of cultivation at 25°C. The optimal keratinase activity for A. oryzae BIM B-1663 was observed at 50°C, both for α-keratin (44.86 U/mL) and for β-keratin (94 mU/mL). The obtained results from sulfite and thiol groups tests and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that A. oryzae strain has a different keratin degradation mechanism than the reference strain Bacillus licheniformis CCM 2145T. FTIR fingerprinting can be used for monitoring of feather hydrolysis as it showed distinct chemical differences in feather meal hydrolysates, retentate and permeate from A. oryzae and B. licheniformis strains.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Differential early-life survival underlies the adaptive significance of temperature-dependent sex determination in a long-lived reptile

Many ectotherms rely on temperature cues experienced during development to determine offspring sex. The first descriptions of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) were made over 50 years ago, yet an understanding of its adaptive significance remains elusive, especially in long-lived taxa. One novel hypothesis predicts that TSD should be evolutionarily favored when two criteria are met – (a) incubation temperature influences annual juvenile survival and (b) sexes mature at different ages. Under these conditions, a sex-dependent effect of incubation temperature on offspring fitness arises through differences in age at sexual maturity, with the sex that matures later benefiting disproportionately from temperatures that promote juvenile survival. The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) serves as an insightful model in which to test this hypothesis, as males begin reproducing nearly a decade after females. Here, through a combination of artificial incubation experiments and mark-recapture approaches, we test the specific predictions of the survival-to-maturity hypothesis for the adaptive value of TSD by disentangling the effects of incubation temperature and sex on annual survival of alligator hatchlings across two geographically distinct sites. Hatchlings incubated at male-promoting temperatures consistently exhibited higher survival compared to those incubated at female-promoting temperatures. This pattern appears independent of hatchling sex, as females produced from hormone manipulation at male-promoting temperatures exhibit similar survival to their male counterparts. Additional experiments show that incubation temperature may affect early-life survival primarily by affecting the efficiency with which maternally transferred energy resources are used during development. Results from this study provide the first explicit empirical support for the adaptive value of TSD in a crocodilian and point to developmental energetics as a potential unifying mechanism underlying persistent survival consequences of incubation temperature.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Linking temperature dependence in fitness effects of mutations to thermal niche adaptation

Fitness effects of mutations may generally depend on temperature that influences all rate-limiting biophysical and biochemical processes. Earlier studies suggested that high temperatures may increase the availability of beneficial mutations ("more beneficial mutations"), or allow beneficial mutations to show stronger fitness effects ("stronger beneficial mutation effects"). The "more beneficial mutations" scenario would inevitably be associated with increased proportion of conditionally beneficial mutations at higher temperatures. This in turn predicts that populations in warm environments show faster evolutionary adaptation but suffer fitness loss when faced with cold conditions, and those evolving in cold environments become thermal-niche generalists ("hotter is narrower"). Under the "stronger beneficial mutation effects" scenario, populations evolving in warm environments would show faster adaptation without fitness costs in cold environments, leading to a "hotter is (universally) better" pattern in thermal niche adaptation. We tested predictions of the two competing hypotheses using an experimental evolution study in which populations of two model bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens, evolved for 2,400 generations at three experimental temperatures. Results of reciprocal transplant experiments with our P. fluorescens populations were largely consistent with the "hotter is narrower" prediction. Results from the E. coli populations clearly suggested stronger beneficial mutation effects at higher assay temperatures, but failed to detect faster adaptation in populations evolving in warmer experimental environments (presumably because of limitation in the supply of genetic variation). Our results suggest that the influence of temperature on mutational effects may provide insight into the patterns of thermal niche adaptation and population diversification across thermal conditions.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

dryad36/100