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222 results for “temporal change”
Atlantic salmon survival at sea: temporal changes that lack regional synchrony
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Temporal and spatial changes in benthic invertebrate trophic networks along a taxonomic richness gradient
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Data from: Dissecting factors behind temporal trends in the timing of breeding in two songbird species – evolutionary change or phenotypic plasticity?
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The practice and promise of temporal genomics for measuring evolutionary responses to global change
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Temporal change in the contribution of immigration to population growth in a wild seabird experiencing rapid population decline
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Temporal and spatial changes in benthic invertebrate trophic networks along a salinity gradient
<p>Species interactions underlie all ecosystem goods and services and are important for understanding ecosystem changes. Representing one type of species interaction, trophic networks are able to be constructed from biodiversity monitoring data and known trophic links to understand how ecosystems have changed over time. The Baltic Sea is subject to high anthropogenic pressures, and its low species diversity makes it an ideal candidate for understanding how pressures change food webs. In this study, we used benthic monitoring data from 20 years (1980-1989 and 2010-2019) from the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak to investigate changes in benthic invertebrate trophic interactions. We constructed food webs and calculated traditional food web metrics that we compared over space and time. Our results show that the west coast of Sweden (Skagerrak) showed a reduction in benthic invertebrate biodiversity by 40% between the 1980's and 2010's, and that the number of links, linkage diversity, generality of predators, and vulnerability of prey have been significantly reduced. However, connectance has not significantly changed in the Skagerrak. The other basins (Bothnian Sea, Baltic Proper and Bornholm Basin) do not show any consistent significant trends in any food web metrics investigated, demonstrating resilience at a lower species diversity. The decreased complexity of the Skagerrak food webs indicates vulnerability to further perturbations and pressures should be limited as much as possible to ensure continued ecosystem functions.</p>
A unifying framework for analyzing temporal changes in functional and taxonomic diversity along disturbance gradients
<p>Frameworks exclusively considering functional diversity are gaining popularity, as they complement and extend the information provided by taxonomic diversity metrics, particularly in response to disturbance. Taxonomic diversity should be included in functional diversity frameworks to uncover the functional mechanisms causing species loss following disturbance events. We present and test a predictive framework that considers temporal functional and taxonomic diversity responses along disturbance gradients. Our proposed framework allows us to test different multidimensional metrics of taxonomic diversity that can be directly compared to calculated multidimensional functional diversity metrics. It builds on existing functional diversity-disturbance frameworks both by using a gradient approach and by jointly considering taxonomic and functional diversity. We used previously unpublished stream insect community data collected prior to, and for the two years following, an extreme flood event that occurred in 2013. Using 14 northern Colorado mountain streams, we tested our framework and determined that taxonomic diversity metrics calculated using multidimensional methods resulted in concordance between taxonomic and functional diversity responses. By considering functional and taxonomic diversity together and using a gradient approach, we were able to identify some of the mechanisms driving species losses following this extreme disturbance event.</p>
Fig. 1 in Spatial And Temporal Changes In Falconiformes And Strigiformes Nutrition: Causes, Significance, Consequences
Fig. 1. Scheme of possible developments after the meeting of the predator and the victim.
Temporal changes in nutrients in forest soil and roots and root biomass of Fagus sylvatica after P and N fertilization
<p>We report data for nutrients in the organic layer and in mineral soil of Fagus sylvatica forests after P and N fertilization. We separated soil and roots and also report data for root biomass and nutrient contents in these soil layers. In addition, relative soil water contents and pH were measured. The samples were collected in three forests and repeatedly in spring and fall from 2016 to 2018. </p>
Data and code from "Temporal allele frequency changes in large-effect loci reveal potential fishing impacts on salmon life-history diversity" (Miettinen et al. 2024)
<p>This archive contains code and data files to perform analyses detailed in Miettinen et al. (2024, Evolutionary Applications, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13690).</p>
The Physics of Changing Tectonic Regimes: Implications for the Temporal Evolution of Mantle Convection and the Thermal History of Venus
<p>Input and relevant data files for "The Physics of Changing Tectonic Regimes: Implications for the Temporal Evolution of Mantle Convection and the Thermal History of Venus." Each data set was used to generate figures in text, and was used with, or obtained from, CitcomS (v3.3).</p> <p> </p> <p>diagnostic.dat contains internal metrics [#step time Mobility Tint T_asthen_avg D U Uc RMS_Velocity]<br> Where #step is iteration number, time is the non dimensional diffusion time scale for the step, Mobility is defined in text, Tint is the mid mantle temperature (average), T_asthen_avg is the upper mantle temperature (average), D U Uc not used, and RMS_Velocity is the root mean square velocity.</p> <p> </p> <p>Nusselt.dat contains heat flow information [time, surface nusselt number, basal nusselt number].</p> <p>Time is the non dimensional diffusion time scale for the step. nusselt numbers are nondimesional heatflow from the surface (lithosphere) and base (core).<br> </p> <p>Melt2.dat contains melting information. #step is iteration number, time is the non dimensional diffusion time scale for the step,</p> <p>non-dimensional melt</p> <p> </p> <p>the input.* file is the model input file used with CitcomS (v3.3) that includes all parameters used for the reference case. Variations from this file are described in text.</p>
Figure 3 in Temporal changes in some Rajiformes species of cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) from the west coast of İskenderun Bay (northeastern Mediterranean)
Figure 3. The mean seasonal CPUE values of species between 2004 and 2011.
Figure 1 in Temporal changes in some Rajiformes species of cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) from the west coast of İskenderun Bay (northeastern Mediterranean)
Figure 1. Sampling area (trawling stations at 10 and 20 m).
Fig. 1 in South American Sea Lions Otaria flavescens, a good indicator of relative spatial and temporal changes in the distribution and abundance of marine resources?
Fig. 1. Study area showing the location of the rookeries analysed at RÍo Negro Province, Argentina.
Data and codes for How, why, where and when people feed birds? - Spatio-temporal changes in bird-feeding in Finland
<p>This file contains all the codes and data used for the analysis of the manuscript titled "How, why, where and when people feed birds? - Spatio-temporal changes in bird-feeding in Finland" accepted for publication in the journal People and Nature</p>
Temporal biodiversity change following disturbance varies along an environmental gradient
<p><strong>Aim</strong><br> The diversity and composition of natural communities are rapidly changing due to anthropogenic disturbances. Magnitude of this compositional reorganization varies across the globe, but reasons behind the variation remain largely unknown. Disturbances induce temporal turnover by stimulating species colonizations, causing local extinctions, altering dominance structure, or all of these. We test which of these processes drive temporal community changes, and whether they are constrained by natural environmental gradients. Moreover, we assess to what degree identity shifts translate to changes in dominance structure.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong><br> Finland</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong><br> Observations 1985-2006, disturbance history >140 years.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong><br> Vascular plants.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong><br> We investigated temporal turnover of boreal forest understory in response to disturbance, here forest management, along a soil fertility gradient. We disentangle the roles of species gains, losses and abundance changes in driving temporal turnover in response to and after disturbance by comparing turnover rates in different forest age categories along fertility gradient. We quantify temporal turnover richness-based complement of Jaccard's similarity index and proportional-abundance based dissimilarity index. We also test whether disturbance history or fertility influence the relationship between identity shifts and dominance structure.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong><br> We found that the impact of disturbance on temporal turnover depends on soil fertility. The greatest turnover occurred in most fertile forests immediately after disturbance. There, species gains and losses strongly altered dominance structure leading to high turnover, whereas undisturbed old forests and nutrient-poor habitats were characterized by stable dominant species even when the majority of species shifted their identity.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong><br> Our results suggest that human impacts on temporal biodiversity change vary along environmental gradients. In boreal forests, the fertile habitats have higher probability than nutrient-poor sites to change their composition in response to anthropogenic disturbances. Resource availability and disturbance history may thus influence consequences of temporal turnover for ecosystem functioning.</p>
Divergent response and adaptation of specific leaf area to environmental change at different spatio-temporal scales jointly improve plant survival
<p><span>Specific leaf area (SLA) is one of the most important plant functional traits. </span><span>It </span><span>integrates multiple functions and reflects strategies of plants to obtain resources. </span><span>How plants employ different strategies (e.g., through SLA) to respond to dynamic environmental conditions remains poorly understood.This study aimed to </span><span>explore the s</span><span>patial variation in SLA and divergent adaptation of plants by changing SLA </span><span>through the lens of biogeographic patterns, evolutionary history, and short-term responses. SLA data for 5424 plant species from 76 natural communities in China were systematically measured and integrated with meta-analysis of field experiments (i.e., global warming, drought, and nitrogen addition). The mean value of SLA across all species was 21.8 m2 kg–1, ranging from 0.9 to 110.2 m2 kg–1. SLA differed among different ecosystems, temperature zones, vegetation types, and functional groups. Phylogeny had a weak effect on SLA, but plant species evolved toward higher SLA. Furthermore, plants responded nonlinearly to environmental change by changing SLA. Unexpectedly, radiation was one of the main factors determining the spatial variation in SLA on a large scale. Conversely, short-term manipulative experiments showed that SLA increased with increased resource availability and tended to stabilize with treatment duration. However, different species exhibited varying response patterns. Overall, long-term adaptation of plants to environmental gradients and its short-term response to resource pulses through variation in SLA jointly improve plant adaptability to a changing environment. Overall SLA-environment relationships should be emphasized as a multidimensional strategy for elucidating environmental change in future research. </span></p>
Data from: Temporal change in floral availability leads to periods of resource limitation and affects diet specificity in a generalist pollinator
<p class="Default"><span>Generalist species are core components of ecological networks and crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity. Generalised species and networks are expected to be more resilient, therefore understanding the dynamics of specialisation and generalisation in ecological networks is a key focus in a time of rapid global climate change. Whilst diet generalisation is frequently studied, our understanding of how it changes over time is limited. We explore temporal variation in diet specificity in the honeybee (<em>Apis mellifera</em>), using pollen DNA metabarcoding of honey samples, through the foraging season, over two years. We find that overall, honeybees are generalists that visit a wide range of plants, but there is temporal variation in the degree of specialisation. Temporal specialisation of honeybee colonies corresponds to periods of resource limitation, identified as a lack of honey stores. Honeybees experience a lack of preferred resources in June when switching from flowering trees in spring to shrubs and herbs in summer. Investigating temporal patterns in specialisation can identify periods of resource limitation that may lead to species and network vulnerability. Diet specificity must therefore be explored at different temporal scales in order to fully understand species and network stability in the face of ecological change.</span></p>
Temporal matches between monarch butterfly and milkweed population changes over the past 25,000 years
<p>In intimate ecological interactions, the interdependency of species may result in correlated demographic histories. For species of conservation concern, understanding the long-term dynamics of such interactions may shed light on the drivers of population decline. Here we address the demographic history of the monarch butterfly, <em>Danaus</em> <em>plexippus</em>, and its dominant host plant, the common milkweed, <em>Asclepias</em> <em>syriaca</em>, using broad-scale sampling and genomic inference. Because genetic resources for milkweed have lagged behind those for monarchs, we first release a chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation for common milkweed. Next, we show that despite its enormous geographic range across eastern North America, <em>A. syriaca</em> is best characterized as a single, roughly panmictic population. Using Approximate Bayesian Computation via Random Forests (ABC-RF), a machine learning method for reconstructing demographic histories, we show that both monarchs and milkweed experienced population expansion during the most recent recession of North American glaciers 10,000–20,000 years ago. Our data also identify concurrent population expansions in both species during the large-scale clearing of eastern forests (~200 years ago). Finally, we find no evidence that either species experienced a reduction in effective population size over the past 75 years. Thus, the well-documented decline of monarch abundance over the past 40 years is not visible in our genomic dataset, reflecting a possible mismatch of the overwintering census population to effective population size in this species.</p>
Climate change does not equally affect temporal patterns of natural selection on reproductive timing across populations in two songbird species
<p>Climate change has led to changes in the strength of directional selection on seasonal timing. Understanding the causes and consequences of these changes is crucial to predicting the impact of climate change. But are observed patterns in one population generalisable to others, and can spatial variation in selection be explained by environmental variation among populations? We used long-term data (1955–2022) on blue and great tits co-occurring in four locations across the Netherlands to assess inter-population variation in temporal patterns of selection on laying date. To analyse selection, we combine reproduction and adult survival into a joined fitness measure. We found distinct spatial variation in temporal patterns of selection which overall acted towards earlier laying, and which was due to selection through reproduction rather than through survival. The underlying relationships between temperature, bird and caterpillar phenology were however the same across populations, and the spatial variation in selection patterns is thus caused by spatial variation in the temperatures and other habitat characteristics to which birds and caterpillars respond. This underlines that climate change is not necessarily equally affecting populations, but that we can understand this spatial variation, which enables us to predict climate change effects on selection for other populations.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.