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FIGURE 5 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 5. Craniodental morphology of the Kogaionidae. Skull structure in dorsal view (A, B, D, E) and occlusal view of upper dentition (C, F) in different kogaionid genera (skulls and tooth rows, respectively, drawn to the same scale). A, B. Skull of Litovoi tholocephalos, A. Reconstructed, with missing elements (shaded) mirrored from their counterparts, and B. Simplified outline drawing (from Csiki-Sava et al., 2018). C. Left-side upper dentition of Litovoi tholocephalos (from Csiki-Sava et al., 2018). D. Skull of Kogaionon ungureanui, simplified outline drawing (from Rădulescu and Samson, 1996: Kielan-Jaworowska et al., 2004). E. Skull of Barbatodon transylvanicus, simplified outline drawing (from Smith and Codrea, 2015). F. Left-side upper dentition of Kogaionon ungureanui, in occlusal view (from Rădulescu and Samson, 1996).

FIGURE 3 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 3. Approximate chronostratigraphic distribution of the latest Cretaceous kogaionid occurrences from the Transylvanian area (red stars), alongside other important fossil sites (gray stars) using the biochronofaunal tier system developed by Csiki-Sava et al. (2016), in the main kogaionid-bearing successions: A, the Sînpetru Formation (SP sites); B, the Râul Mare Beds (RB sites); C, the Pui Beds (PB sites); D, the Densuș-Ciula Formation (DC sites), all in the Hațeg Basin; E, the Rusca Montană Basin (RM sites); F, the southwestern Transylvanian Basin, eastern (left column) and western (right column) outcropping areas (TB sites); dark gray, marine deposits; light gray, continental deposits. For kogaionid site abbreviations, see text and figure 2; for other abbreviations, see Csiki-Sava et al. (2016) and Botfalvai et al. (2021). Question mark added in the Râul Mare Beds succession reflects current lack of details as to the relative straigraphic positions of sites RB2 and RB3 (see text).

FIGURE 11 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 11. Isolated kogaionid incisors from the Pui Beds, site PB1. A–E, Isolated left i1, ISER PUI.004, of an indeterminate kogaionid, A. Specimen identified as "ptilodontoid," puncturing-grasping type of i1; drawing from Rădulescu and Samson (1997). B. apical, C. labial, D. dorsal, and E. lingual views. F. Holotype of Litovoi tholocephalos, LPB (FGGUB) M.1700, left i1 in lingual view, for comparison. G–K, Isolated left I2, ISER PUI.003, of an indeterminate kogaionid, G. Specimen identified as "taeniolabidoid," gnawing type of i1; drawing from Rădulescu and Samson (1997), H. apical, I. labial, J. dorsal, and K. lingual views. L. Holotype of Litovoi tholocephalos, LPB (FGGUB) M.1700, right premaxilla with in situ I2–I3 in labial view, for comparison.

FIGURE 8 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 8. Kogaionid-bearing fossiliferous localities from the Hațeg Basin–Sînpetru Formation and potentially correlative units. A. Deposits of the lower section of the Sînpetru Formation exposed on the right side of Sibișel Valley, near site SP2. B. Deposits of the lower section of the Sînpetru Formation exposed on the left side of the Sibișel Valley, in the La Scoabă section hosting site SP3. C. Overview of the Râul Mare Beds cropping out in the bed of the Râul Mare River at Nălaț-Vad locality; site RB2 located roughly in the middle of the riverbed, aligned with the powergrid tower. D. General view of the middle-upper part of the Pui Beds deposits, position of site PB3 located near the small ledge in the middle of the image. E. Excavations at site PB4 (Pui-Micro), in the uppermost section of the Pui Beds. F. Looking for fossils at the newly discovered site PB6 (year 2012), in the upper part of the Pui Beds; the stratigraphically higher site PB4 is located near the small ledge in the right background.

FIGURE 17 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 17. Kogaionid-bearing fossiliferous localities from the Rusca Montană (A) and southwestern Transylvanian (B–F) basins. A. Exposures of uppermost Cretaceous continental beds along Fărcădeana Creek at Negoiu, Lunca Cernii de Sus, eastern Rusca Montană Basin. Hammer marks the position of the fossilfierous bed hosting site RM1. B. Overview of the Oarda de Jos A locality, south of Alba Iulia, on the right side of Sebeș River (in the foreground). The fossiliferous bed hosting site TB1 is located in the upper part of the outcropping succession. C. Strongly tilted beds of the continental Sebeș Formation outcropping at PetreștiArini, covered by flat-lying Quaternary sandy-pebbly deposits and recently created anthropic sediment heaps. D. Red mudstone-dominated part of the basal section of the Sebeș Formation at Petrești-Arini, hosting site TB2. E. Outcrops of the Sebeș Formation at Sebeș-Glod, along the Sebeș River, locality Sebeș-Glod A, with kogaionid site TB3 near the group of people to the left. F. The transitional sequence from the estuarinebrackish uppermost Bozeș Formation (right) to the continental, gray-colored basalmost Sebeș Formation (left, more ochre-colored rocks) at Petrești-Arini, hosting the Black Lens fossiliferous level (site TB4).

FIGURE 13 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 13. Isolated elements of the upper dentition, referred specimen of Barbatodon transylvanicus, LPB (FGGUB) M.1635, Pui Beds, site PB3. A–D. Left P3 in A. lingual, B. occlusal, and C. labial views; D. SEM microphotograph of the occlusal surface. E–G. Right M2 in E. occlusal, and F. lingual views; G. SEM microphotograph of the occlusal surface in slightly laterally oblique view to show relative development of cusps.

FIGURE 15 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 15. Discovery and taphonomy of the holotype of Litovoi tholocephalos, specimen LPB (FGGUB) M.1700, Pui Beds, site PB6. A. Excavation conditions at site PB6 (Multi-Bed locality), in the upper part of the Bărbat River succession of the Pui Beds; members of the Romanian-American-UK team building an improvized dam to protect newly exposed tiny fossils (June 2012). B. The braincase of Litovoi tholocephalos (see also fig. 6A–C) shortly after it was salvaged from under flowing water. C. Reconstructed partial quarry map of site PB6 documenting the associated nature of the cranial, dental, and postcranial remains belonging to the holotype individual (see also Csiki-Sava et al., 2018: Supplementary Appendix). The quarry map is a redrawn version of an ad hoc sketch made in June 2014 by one of us (M.V.) during the salvage excavation of the holotype specimen in underwater conditions, with the already prepared individual elements subsequently overlaid.

FIGURE 7. Morphological and size disparity within the latest Cretaceous Transylvanian kogaionids. A–E in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 7. Morphological and size disparity within the latest Cretaceous Transylvanian kogaionids. A–E. First upper molars (M1), in occlusal view, drawn to the same scale. A. Barbatodon oardaensis, right M1 UBB ODAN-Mt-13, Oarda de Jos (site TB1), southwestern Transylvanian Basin (from Codrea et al., 2014).B. Small kogaionid (Kogaionon n. sp. or Barbatodon oardaensis; see text for details), left M1 UBB (specimen number not available), Totești-baraj (site RB1), Hațeg Basin (from Codrea et al., 2002). C. Indeterminate kogaionid (?Kogaionon n. sp. in Csiki and Grigorescu, 2002), left M1 LPB (FGGUB) M.1624, Fântânele, Vălioara (site DC2), Hațeg Basin (see Csiki and Grigorescu, 2002). D. Kogaionon ungureanui, left M1 ISER SPT/001 (P4 marks preceding last premolar), Sânpetru (site SP1), Hațeg Basin. E. Barbatodon transylvanicus, right M1 UBB P-Mt3-4, Pui (site PB5), Hațeg Basin (from Solomon et al., 2016). F–J. First lower molars (m1), in occlusal view, drawn to the same scale. F. Barbatodon transylvanicus, right m1 LPB (FGGUB) M.1635, Pui (site PB3), Hațeg Basin. G. Indeterminate kogaionid (Hainina sp. B in Csiki and Grigorescu, 2000), right m1 LPB (FGGUB) M.1613, Fântânele, Vălioara (site DC2), Hațeg Basin. H. Indeterminate kogaionid (Barbatodon n. sp. or Barbatodon oardaensis; see text for details), left m1 UBB TBM V.442, NălațVad (site RB2), Hațeg Basin (from Smith et al., 2002). I. Barbatodon oardaensis, left m1 UBB ODAN-Mt-15, Oarda de Jos (site TB1), southwestern Transylvanian Basin (from Codrea et al., 2014). J. Indeterminate kogaionid, left m1 LPB (FGGUB) M.1618, Fântânele, Vălioara (site DC2), Hațeg Basin. K–O. Ultimate lower premolars (p4), labial view, drawn to the same scale. K. Indeterminate kogaionid, right p4 in dentary fragment MMIRS 655, Petrești-Arini (site TB2), southwestern Transylvanian Basin (see Csiki-Sava et al., 2012). L. Barbatodon oardaensis, left p4 UBB ODAN-Mt-1, Oarda de Jos (site TB1), southwestern Transylvanian Basin (from Codrea et al., 2014). M. Barbatodon oardaensis, right p4 UBB Ng2-01, Negoiu (site RM2), Rusca Montană Basin (from Codrea et al., 2017a). N. Barbatodon transylvanicus, left p4 in dentary LPB (FGGUB) M.1635, Pui (site PB3), Hațeg Basin. O. Barbatodon tran-

FIGURE 2 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 2. Kogaionid-bearing fossil sites (red dots) discussed in this review (see text for details and abbreviations) in the main areas with fossiliferous uppermost Cretaceous continental deposits of the Transylvanian area (in light gray; see fig. 1). A. Kogaionid occurrences from the Hațeg Basin; DC1–7, sites in the DensușCiula Formation; PB1–8, sites in the Pui Beds; RB1–3, sites in the Râul Mare Beds; SP1–4, sites in the Sînpetru Formation. B. Kogaionid sites from the Rusca Montană Basin (RM1–2). C. Kogaionid sites from the southwestern Transylvanian Basin (TB1–5).

FIGURE 6 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 6. Selected skeletal elements of the holotype of Litovoi tholocephalos LPB (FGGUB) M.1700, one of the most completely known kogaionid individuals from Pui (site PB6), Hațeg Basin (modified and completed from Csiki-Sava et al., 2018). A–C, Skull roof, braincase and partial petrosals (specimen M.1700.1) in A. dorsal, B. ventral, and C. occipital views. D. Right premaxilla with red-pigmented, in situ I2 and I3 (specimen M.1700.5) in lateral view. E. Left symphyseal fragment with i1 (specimen M.1700.6) in medial view. F. Composite reconstruction of skull in lateral view, using specimens M.1700.5 (right premaxilla, mirrored), M.1700.2 (left maxilla with in situ P1-M2), and M.1700.1 (braincase and petrosal region). G, H, Composite skull reconstruction based on elements listed above (see F), as well as M.1700.4 (left posterior zygomatic arch), with preserved elements mirrored, in G. dorsal and H. ventral views. I. Left femur (specimen M.1700.19) in posterior view. J. Right femur (specimen M.1700.20) in anterior view.

FIGURE 10 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 10. Kogaionid lower molars from the Pui Beds, site PB1. A–C, Isolated left m1, ISER PUI.001, the holotype of Barbatodon transylvanicus, in A. occlusal and B. labial views, with C. close-up of the labiodistal cingulumlike crest. D. Isolated right m2, ISER PUI.002, of an ideterminate kogaionid, in occlusal view.

FIGURE 1 in Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Island-Dwelling Kogaionidae (Mammalia, Multituberculata) In The Uppermost Cretaceous Of Transylvania (Western Romania)

FIGURE 1. Areal distribution of the kogaionid multituberculate-bearing uppermost Cretaceous continental deposits in western Romania. A. Map of Romania showing the position of the main outcropping areas: a. Hațeg Basin; b. Rusca Montană Basin; c. southwestern Transylvanian Basin. B. Northwestern Romania, with the distribution of the uppermost Cretaceous continental deposits in green (simplified after Csiki-Sava et al., 2016); the area of the Hațeg Basin (HB) shown enlarged in C, for details. Names of major towns and cities in black, main uppermost Cretaceous fossiliferous localities in gray; important highways and roads indicated by number-letter codes. C. Distribution of the uppermost Cretaceous continental deposits in the Hațeg Basin.

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Long-term demographic trends and spatio-temporal distribution of past human activity in Central Europe: Comparison of archaeological and palaeoecological proxies (datasets and R scripts)

<p>This digital archive is an outcome of the paper Kolář J., Macek M., Tkáč P., Novák D. & V.Abraham: Long-term demographic trends and spatio-temporal distribution of past human activity in Central Europe: Comparison of archaeological and palaeoecological proxies. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2022</p>

Fig. 9 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint

Fig. 9: Histogram of the Mantel test assessing the relationship between genetic and morphologic distance for Gobius niger. Sim: simulations; Frequency: frequency values of the correlation between the genetic and morphologic distances. The dot represents the original value of the correlation between the distance matrices.

Fig. 6 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint

Fig. 6: PCA of the morphological variables of Gobius niger (standard length, SL; body height, BH; head length, HL; snout length, SnL; eye diameter, ED; first dorsal fin, DF1; second dorsal fin, DF2; anal fin, AF; pectoral fin, PF; ventral fin, VF) with projection of phenotypic groups. PC1 vs. PC2 and PC2 vs. PC3. The percentage of variation explained by each PC axis is given within parentheses.

Fig. 3 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint

Fig. 3: Cluster analysis associated with the similarity profile test (SIMPROF), based on abundances of Gobius niger, reveals reciprocal relations among the 20 sampled stations in the Marchica Lagoon using the Bray–Curtis distance.

Fig. 2 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint

Fig. 2: Picture of Gobius niger from the Marchica Lagoon showing the main measurements taken: total length (TL), standard length (SL), head length (LT), snout length (SnL), body height (BH), and eye diameter (ED).

Fig. 7 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint

Fig. 7: Linear regression of the principal component score axis (PC1) from morphometric measurements on the log standard length of Gobius niger with projection of phenotypic groups.

Fig. 8 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint

Fig. 8: Haplotype network constructed from 16S rDNA sequences of Gobius niger. The size of a particular circle reflects the haplotype frequency. The numbers indicate the nodes.

Fig. 1 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint

Fig. 1: Map showing the geographical localization of the Marchica Lagoon and the sampling stations of Gobius niger.