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122 results for “temporal diversity”
Fig. 4 in Spatio-temporal distribution of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) captures and their relationship with fruit infestation in farms with a diversity of hosts
Fig. 4. Population fluctuation of Ceratitis capitata registered in McPhail traps in mandarins (A) with fruit infestation and (B) without fruit infestation. Py = Paysandú, SJ = San José, W = Washington; FTD: flies per trap per d; Cc = Ceratitis capitata.
Fig. 3 in Spatio-temporal distribution of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) captures and their relationship with fruit infestation in farms with a diversity of hosts
Fig. 3. Fruit infestation and population fluctuation of Ceratitis capitata registered in McPhail traps in (A) pears and (B) peaches. Cn = Canelones, SJ = San José; FTD = flies per trap per d; Cc = Ceratitis capitata.
Fig. 2 in Spatio-temporal distribution of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) captures and their relationship with fruit infestation in farms with a diversity of hosts
Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of accumulated captures and fruit infestation of Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 seasons. Ap = Apple: ERO = Early Red One, RCh = Red Chief, RD = Red Delicious; Pch = Peach: JG = June Gold, EL = Elegant Lady, RM = Rey del Monte, PC = Pavía Canario, F = Forastero; Nc = Nectarine: L = Lara, F = Fantasía; Pr = Pear: W = William's; Mn = Mandarin: E = Elenadalle, O = Ortanique, S = Satsuma; Or = Orange: V = Valencia, WN = Washington Navel; Gf = Grapefruit: SR = Star Rubí. Cc = C. capitata, Af = A. fraterculus. The accumulated captures per season were calculated by adding captures from the date that traps were installed (1 Sep, 30 Oct, and 1 Nov 2014 in San José, Canelones, and Paysandú, respectively) until 30 Jun 2015, and for the same period from spring 2015 until Jun 2016.
Fig. 1 in Spatio-temporal distribution of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) captures and their relationship with fruit infestation in farms with a diversity of hosts
Fig. 1. Average number of fruit flies per McPhail trap per d (FTD) of Ceratitis capitata (Cc) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Af) in Paysandú (Py) and Canelones (Cn).
Text-fig. 9. Biostratigraphy of African Miocene localities, with the temporal ranges of the diverse species of hyaenodonts found therein. See Pickford (1986a), Pickford and Senut (2003), Reynoso (2014) and Werdelin (2010). in New Hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) From The Early Miocene Of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) And Grillental (Namibia)
Text-fig. 9. Biostratigraphy of African Miocene localities, with the temporal ranges of the diverse species of hyaenodonts found therein. See Pickford (1986a), Pickford and Senut (2003), Reynoso (2014) and Werdelin (2010).
Fig. 2 in Temporal variations in the diversity of true crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) in the St Lucia Estuary, South Africa
Fig. 2. Distribution of Hymenosoma projectum (red), Paratylodiplax blephariskios (grey) and Neosarmatium africanum (blue) in 1948 and 2012.
Data and software for: Temporal novelty detection and multiple timescale integration drive Drosophila orientation dynamics in temporally diverse olfactory environments
<p>To survive, insects must effectively navigate odors plumes to their source. In natural plumes, turbulent winds break up smooth odor regions into disconnected patches, so navigators encounter brief bursts of odor interrupted by bouts of clean air. The timing of these encounters plays a critical role in navigation, determining the direction, rate, and magnitude of insects' orientation and speed dynamics. Disambiguating the specific role of odor timing from other cues, such as spatial structure, is challenging due to natural correlations between plumes' temporal and spatial features. Here, we use optogenetics to isolate temporal features of odor signals, examining how the frequency and duration of odor encounters shape the navigational decisions of freely-walking <em>Drosophila</em>. We find that fly angular velocity depends on signal frequency and intermittency – fraction of time signal can be detected – but not directly on durations. Rather than switching strategies when signal statistics change, flies smoothly transition between signal regimes, by combining an odor offset response with a frequency-dependent novelty-like response. In the latter, flies are more likely to turn in response to each odor hit only when the hits are sparse. Finally, the upwind bias of individual turns relies on a filtering scheme with two distinct timescales, allowing rapid and sustained responses in a variety of signal statistics. A quantitative model incorporating these ingredients recapitulates fly orientation dynamics across a wide range of environments and shows that temporal novelty detection, when combined with odor motion detection, enhances odor plume navigation.</p>
Sexual recombination and temporal gene flow maintain host resistance and genetic diversity
<p>Infectious disease can threaten host populations. Hosts can rapidly evolve resistance during epidemics, with this evolution often modulated by fitness trade-offs (e.g., between resistance and fecundity). However, many organisms switch between asexual and sexual reproduction, and this shift in reproductive strategy can also alter how resistance in host populations persists through time. Recombination can shuffle alleles selected for during an asexual phase, uncoupling the combinations of alleles that facilitated resistance to parasites and altering the distribution of resistance phenotypes in populations. Furthermore, in host species that produce diapausing propagules (e.g., seeds, spores, or resting eggs) after sex, accumulation of propagules into and gene flow out of a germ bank introduce allele combinations from past populations. Thus, recombination and gene flow might shift populations away from the trait distribution reached after selection by parasites. To understand how recombination and gene flow alter host population resistance, we tracked the genotypic diversity and resistance distributions of two wild populations of cyclical parthenogens. In one population, resistance and genetic diversity increased after recombination whereas, in the other, recombination did not shift already high resistance and genetic diversity. In both lakes, resistance remained high after temporal gene flow. This observation surprised us: due to costs to resistance imposed by a fecundity-resistance trade-off, we expected that high population resistance would be a transient state that would be eroded through time by recombination and gene flow. Instead, low resistance was the transient state, while recombination and gene flow re-established or maintained high resistance to this virulent parasite. We propose this outcome may have been driven by the joint influence of fitness trade-offs, genetic slippage after recombination, and temporal gene flow via the egg bank.</p>
FIGURE 4 Temporal estimates derived from a in Split distribution, biogeography and morphological and genetic diversity of the Iberobathynellini Tribe in the family Parabathynellidae (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea)
FIGURE 4 Temporal estimates derived from a relaxed molecular clock analysis. Divergence times are depicted in the coalescence-based MCC tree. Units of X-axis address Mya and blue bars at nodes indicate the 95% highest posterior density intervals (HPD).
Abundance-diversity relationship as a unique signature of temporal scaling in the fossil record
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Data from: Exponential history integration with diverse temporal scales in retrosplenial cortex supports hyperbolic behavior
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Sexual recombination and temporal gene flow maintain host resistance and genetic diversity
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Data and software for: Temporal novelty detection and multiple timescale integration drive Drosophila orientation dynamics in temporally diverse olfactory environments
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A unifying framework for analyzing temporal changes in functional and taxonomic diversity along disturbance gradients
<p>Frameworks exclusively considering functional diversity are gaining popularity, as they complement and extend the information provided by taxonomic diversity metrics, particularly in response to disturbance. Taxonomic diversity should be included in functional diversity frameworks to uncover the functional mechanisms causing species loss following disturbance events. We present and test a predictive framework that considers temporal functional and taxonomic diversity responses along disturbance gradients. Our proposed framework allows us to test different multidimensional metrics of taxonomic diversity that can be directly compared to calculated multidimensional functional diversity metrics. It builds on existing functional diversity-disturbance frameworks both by using a gradient approach and by jointly considering taxonomic and functional diversity. We used previously unpublished stream insect community data collected prior to, and for the two years following, an extreme flood event that occurred in 2013. Using 14 northern Colorado mountain streams, we tested our framework and determined that taxonomic diversity metrics calculated using multidimensional methods resulted in concordance between taxonomic and functional diversity responses. By considering functional and taxonomic diversity together and using a gradient approach, we were able to identify some of the mechanisms driving species losses following this extreme disturbance event.</p>
Nectar values from: Turnover in floral composition explains species diversity and temporal stability in the nectar supply of urban residential gardens
<p>Residential gardens are a valuable habitat for insect pollinators worldwide, but differences in individual gardening practices substantially affect their floral composition. It is important to understand how the floral resource supply of gardens varies in both space and time so we can develop evidence-based management recommendations to support pollinator conservation in towns and cities.</p> <p>We surveyed 59 residential gardens in the city of Bristol, UK, at monthly intervals from March to October. For each of 472 garden surveys, we combined floral abundances with nectar sugar data to quantify the nectar production of each garden, investigating the magnitude, temporal stability, and diversity and composition of garden nectar supplies.</p> <p>We found that individual gardens differ markedly in the quantity of nectar sugar they supply (from 2 g to 1662 g), and nectar production is higher in more affluent neighbourhoods, but not in larger gardens. Nectar supply peaks in July (mid-summer), when more plant taxa are in flower, but temporal patterns vary among individual gardens. At larger spatial scales, temporal variability averages out through the portfolio effect, meaning insect pollinators foraging across many gardens in urban landscapes have access to a relatively stable and continuous supply of nectar through the year.</p> <p>Turnover in species composition among gardens leads to an extremely high overall plant richness, with 636 taxa recorded flowering. The nectar supply is dominated by non-natives, which provide 91% of all nectar sugar, while shrubs are the main plant life form contributing to nectar production (58%). Two thirds of nectar sugar is only available to relatively specialised pollinators, leaving just one third that is accessible to all.</p> <p><i>Synthesis and applications</i>. By measuring nectar supply in residential gardens, our study demonstrates that pollinator-friendly management, affecting garden quality, is more important than the size of a garden, giving every gardener an opportunity to contribute to pollinator conservation in urban areas. For gardeners interested in increasing the value of their land to foraging pollinators we recommend planting nectar-rich shrubs with complementary flowering periods and prioritising flowers with an open structure in late summer and autumn.</p>
Data from: Turnover in floral composition explains species diversity and temporal stability in the nectar supply of urban residential gardens
<p>Residential gardens are a valuable habitat for insect pollinators worldwide, but differences in individual gardening practices substantially affect their floral composition. It is important to understand how the floral resource supply of gardens varies in both space and time so we can develop evidence-based management recommendations to support pollinator conservation in towns and cities.</p> <p>We surveyed 59 residential gardens in the city of Bristol, UK, at monthly intervals from March to October. For each of 472 garden surveys, we combined floral abundances with nectar sugar data to quantify the nectar production of each garden, investigating the magnitude, temporal stability, and diversity and composition of garden nectar supplies.</p> <p>We found that individual gardens differ markedly in the quantity of nectar sugar they supply (from 2 g to 1662 g), and nectar production is higher in more affluent neighbourhoods, but not in larger gardens. Nectar supply peaks in July (mid-summer), when more plant taxa are in flower, but temporal patterns vary among individual gardens. At larger spatial scales, temporal variability averages out through the portfolio effect, meaning insect pollinators foraging across many gardens in urban landscapes have access to a relatively stable and continuous supply of nectar through the year.</p> <p>Turnover in species composition among gardens leads to an extremely high overall plant richness, with 636 taxa recorded flowering. The nectar supply is dominated by non-natives, which provide 91% of all nectar sugar, while shrubs are the main plant life form contributing to nectar production (58%). Two thirds of nectar sugar is only available to relatively specialised pollinators, leaving just one third that is accessible to all.</p> <p><i>Synthesis and applications</i>. By measuring nectar supply in residential gardens, our study demonstrates that pollinator-friendly management, affecting garden quality, is more important than the size of a garden, giving every gardener an opportunity to contribute to pollinator conservation in urban areas. For gardeners interested in increasing the value of their land to foraging pollinators we recommend planting nectar-rich shrubs with complementary flowering periods and prioritising flowers with an open structure in late summer and autumn.</p>
Data and code from "Temporal allele frequency changes in large-effect loci reveal potential fishing impacts on salmon life-history diversity" (Miettinen et al. 2024)
<p>This archive contains code and data files to perform analyses detailed in Miettinen et al. (2024, Evolutionary Applications, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13690).</p>
Parcel level temporal variance of remotely sensed spectral reflectance predicts plant diversity
<p>Over the last two decades, considerable research has built on remote sensing of spectral diversity to assess plant diversity. The spectral variation hypothesis (SVH) proposes that spatial variation in reflectance data of an area is positively associated with plant diversity. While the SVH has exhibited validity in dense forests, it performs poorly in highly fragmented and temporally dynamic agricultural landscapes covered mainly by grasslands. Such underperformance can be attributed to the mosaic-like spatial structure of human-dominated landscapes with fields in varying phenological and management stages. Therefore, we argued for re-evaluating SVH's flawed window-based spatial analysis and underutilized temporal component. In particular, In particular, we captured the spatial and temporal variation in reflectance and assessed the relationships between spatial and temporal components of spectral diversity and plant diversity at the parcel level as a unit that relates to management patterns. Our investigation spanned three grasslands on two continents covering a wide spectrum of agricultural usage intensities. To calculate different components of spectral diversity, we used multi-temporal spaceborne Sentinel-2 data. We showed that plant diversity was negatively associated with the temporal component of spectral diversity across all sites. In contrast, the spatial component of spectral diversity was related to plant diversity in sites with larger parcels. Our findings highlighted that in agricultural landscapes, the temporal component of spectral diversity drives the spectral diversityplant diversity associations. Consequently, our results offer a novel perspective for remote sensing of plant diversity globally.</p>
Temporally-balanced selection during development of larval Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) inherently preserves genetic diversity within offspring
<p>Balancing selection is one of the mechanisms which has been proposed to explain the maintenance of genetic diversity in species across generations. For species with large populations and complex life histories, however, heterogeneous selection pressures may create a scenario in which the net effects of selection are balanced across developmental stages. With replicated cultures and a pooled sequencing approach, we show that genotype-dependent mortality in larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is largely temporally dynamic and inconsistently in favor of a single genotype or allelic variant at each locus. Overall, the patterns of genetic change we observe to be taking place are more complex than what would be expected under classical examples of additive or dominant genetic interactions. They are also not easily explained by our current understanding of the effects of genetic load. Collectively, temporally heterogeneous selection pressures across different larval developmental stages may act to maintain genetic diversity in oysters, while also inherently sheltering genetic load within populations.</p>
Nectar values from: Turnover in floral composition explains species diversity and temporal stability in the nectar supply of urban residential gardens
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.