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160 results for “thermal stress”
Fertility loss under thermal stress
<p>Climate change models predict that the frequency and intensity of heatwaves are likely to increase, therefore understanding population responses to these extreme climatic events will be key in mitigating biodiversity loss. Here, using the male dimorphic bulb mite, <em>Rhizoglyphus robini</em>, we investigate and compare the impact of experimental heat stress on survival and fertility between females and male morphs that differ in the expression of a sexually selected weapon. We show that lethal limits are similar among all individuals, but find clear sex differences, although no difference between morphs, in sub-lethal temperatures causing sterility: female fertility remains high close to lethal limits, whereas both male morphs suffer fertility loss at more than 2.5°C below their lethal limits. Contrastingly, when thermal stress was lower, the sexes and morphs do not differ in their thermal sensitivity and declines in reproductive output are comparable, these declines appear to be additive as we observe the greatest declines when both sexes were exposed to thermal stress. In addition, during assays, we included an extra treatment that allowed individuals two extra days to recover and found that fertility loss was almost fully recovered when thermal stress was low, but only partially recovered under the most extreme temperatures. The impact of heat stress on fertility therefore appears to be temporary with individuals rapidly recovering: whether recovery can negate negative population level effects remains to be investigated. Our experiments reveal the impact of heat stress on survival and fertility, finding sex-specific fertility loss under the most extreme thermal conditions.</p>
Data from: Natural thermal stress-hardening of corals through cold temperature pulses in the Thai Andaman Sea
<p>Stress-hardening by environmental priming could increase the odds for corals to resist ocean warming. Natural environmental fluctuations, such as those observed on offshore reefs in the Andaman Sea, provide an ideal natural environment to study these effects. Here, internal waves (IW) generate short cold-water pulses that peak from January to June and are absent from August to November. Additionally, only western shores of islands are exposed to this stress-hardening stimulus of IWs, while eastern shores remain sheltered. Therefore, this study examined (1) whether exposed corals were more heat stress resistant than their sheltered conspecifics and (2) whether this trait would persist during the season of stimulus absence. We exemplify that thermal regimes featuring cold-temperature pulses successfully induced thermal stress-hardening in corals. Corals from the IW-sheltered shore responded strongly to heat stress irrespective of the season, while stress responses of IW-exposed corals were either undetectable (during stimulus presence) or very weak (during stimulus absence). However, this demonstrates the relevance of stimulus re-occurrence in maintaining heat resistance. Furthermore, priming stimuli do not need to exceed certain upper thermal thresholds to be effective and we argue that cooling pulses represent a safer stress-hardening regimen potentially implemented in conservation strategies since it avoids warming-stress accumulation.</p>
Beyond a single temperature threshold: applying a cumulative thermal stress framework to plant heat tolerance
<p>Most plant thermal tolerance studies focus on single critical thresholds, which limit the capacity to generalise across studies and predict heat stress under natural conditions. In animals and microbes, thermal tolerance landscapes describe the more realistic, cumulative effects of temperature. We tested this in plants by measuring the decline in leaf photosynthetic efficiency (F<sub>V</sub>/F<sub>M</sub>) following a combination of temperatures and exposure times, then modelled these physiological indices alongside recorded environmental temperatures. We demonstrate that a general relationship between stressful temperatures and exposure durations can be effectively employed to quantify and compare heat tolerance within and across plant species and over time. Importantly, we show how F<sub>V</sub>/F<sub>M</sub> curves translate to plants under natural conditions, suggesting that environmental temperatures often impair photosynthetic function. Our findings provide more robust descriptors of heat tolerance in plants and suggest that heat tolerance in disparate groups of organisms can be studied with a single predictive framework.</p>
Supplemental Material to Doctoral Thesis "Engineering approach for predicting tunneling crack initiation in trailing-edge adhesive joints of wind turbine blades under mechanical fatigue and thermal residual stresses"
<p>This set supplements the figure data to the doctoral thesis "Engineering approach for predicting tunneling crack initiation in trailing-edge adhesive joints of wind turbine blades under mechanical fatigue and thermal residual stresses", DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-19144">10.14279/depositonce-19144</a></p>
Data from: Physiological effects of interacting native and invasive bivalves under thermal stress
<p>Across many ecosystems in North America and Europe, native freshwater bivalves (Order Unionida) are threatened by fouling and competition for food by the invasive zebra mussel <em>Dreissena polymorpha</em>. In light of climate change, knowledge on the influence of water temperature on these competitive effects is important, yet poorly understood. This study examines the physiological impact of the interaction between <em>D. polymorpha</em> and the native European unionid <em>Anodonta cygnea</em> over a 28-day period in response to water temperatures of 12, 19, and 25 °C by comparing their glycogen, glucose, lipid, and protein concentrations. The laboratory experiment comprised three treatments: (1) fouling of <em>A. cygnea</em> by <em>D. polymorpha</em>, (2) both species present but not fouling; and (3) a control in which <em>A. cygnea</em> and <em>D.</em> <em>polymorpha</em> were placed separately. Increased water temperatures caused physiological stress in <em>D. polymorpha</em> as evident from reduced glycogen, glucose, lipid, and protein concentrations. <em>Dreissena polymorpha</em> benefited from fouling of unionids, as individuals that fouled <em>A. cygnea</em> tended to have increased glycogen, glucose, lipid and protein concentrations. Competitive effects of <em>D. polymorpha</em> over the unionid bivalve species, however, were not intensified by elevated temperatures. Glochidia release, lower infestation intensity, and physiological stress of <em>Dreissena </em>at higher temperatures were likely confounding factors. The results of this study suggest that understanding the physiological consequences of species interactions at changing temperatures can be an important tool to assess future climate change impacts on freshwater bivalves and aquatic community structures.</p>
Resilience of seagrass populations to thermal stress does not reflect regional differences in ocean climate
<p>1. The prevalence of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity among populations is critical to accurately predicting when and where climate change impacts will occur. Currently, comparisons of thermal performance between populations are untested for most marine species or overlooked by models predicting the thermal sensitivity of species to extirpation.</p> <p>2. Here we compared the ecological response and recovery of seagrass populations (<i>Posidonia oceanica</i>) to thermal stress throughout a year-long translocation experiment across a 2800 km gradient in ocean climate. Transplants in central and warm-edge locations experienced temperatures >29 ºC, representing thermal anomalies >5ºC above long-term maxima for cool-edge populations, 1.5ºC for central and <1ºC for warm-edge populations.</p> <p>3. Cool, central and warm-edge populations differed in thermal performance when grown under common conditions, but patterns contrasted with expectations based on thermal geography. Cool-edge populations did not differ from warm-edge populations under common conditions and performed significantly better than central populations in growth and survival.</p> <p>4. Our findings reveal that thermal performance does not necessarily reflect the thermal geography of a species. We demonstrate that warm-edge populations can be less sensitive to thermal stress than cooler, central populations suggesting that Mediterranean seagrasses have greater resilience to warming than current paradigms suggest.</p>
Data of transgenerational effects of thermal stress in embryos of O. maya
<p>To evaluate the transgenerational effect of thermal stress on the cephalopod <em>Octopus maya</em>, this study experimentally tests the morphology, respiratory metabolism, antioxidant mechanisms, and oxidative stress indicators of the embryos incubated at two temperatures (24 and 30°C) produced by females acclimated at 24 (non-stressed) and 30°C (stressed). The data set is organized in such a form that researchers will have embryo morphometric data (eye diameter, arm length, mantle length, yolk length, egg length egg wide, and wet weight of O. maya. Also, there is the oxygen consumption and antioxidant defense enzymes, oxidant damage, and esterase activity of embryos from stressed and nonstressed females. The results demonstrate that, regardless of their incubation temperature, embryos from females acclimated at 30°C are smaller, show more accelerated development, and have higher respiratory rates than those from females acclimated at 24°C. These embryos confirmed a greater oxidative stress degree, as well as an increased amount of soluble carbonylated proteins and catalase activity as the main enzyme during the activation development stage (even the highest in the embryos incubated at 30°C). Finally, a collapse of the antioxidant defense system was observed, measured as lower both CAT activity and GSH concentrations. Additionally, soluble carbonylated proteins reduced and GST activity increased in embryos incubated at 30°C from females maintained at high temperatures in a clear deleterious and transgenerational effect of thermal stress on this octopus species.</p>
Still standing: the heat protection delivered by a facultative symbiont to its aphid host is resilient to repeated thermal stress
<p>This is the dataset for the article "<strong>Still standing: the heat protection delivered by a facultative symbiont to its aphid host is resilient to repeated thermal stress</strong>".</p> <p>This experimental study focused on the heat-protective mutualism between the pea aphid <strong><em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em></strong> and the facultative bacterium <strong><em>Serratia symbiotica</em></strong>. We exposed two aphid lines (5A: deprived of <em><strong>S. symbiotica</strong></em>, 5AR: infected by <strong><em>S. symbiotica</em></strong>) to a varying number of heat shocks (35°C for 2 h) applied during insect immature development: none (control), one, two, or three. We recorded aphid immature survival rate, total longevity, immature development time, lifetime fecundity and hind tibia length (body size).</p> <p>. Individual = identification of the individual</p> <p>. Line = aphid clonal line, either deprived of (5A) or infected by <em><strong>S. symbiotica</strong> </em>(5AR)</p> <p>. Temp = thermal treatment, defined by the number of heat shocks applied during aphid juvenile life (0 = control, 1, 2 or 3)</p> <p>. Survival = whether (Y) or not (N) the individual survived until reproduction </p> <p>. Adulthood = time elapsed between birth and first reproduction (in days)</p> <p>. Longevity = time elapsed between birth and death (in days)</p> <p>. Fecundity = total number of larvae produced by each aphid throughout lifetime</p> <p>. Wing = whether (Y) or not (N) the individual developed wings following imaginal moult</p> <p>. Tibia = hind tibia length as a proxy of body size (in mm)</p>
Data of the study of Maternal temperature stress modulates acclimation and thermal biology in Octopus maya (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) juvenile progeny
<p>These data shows the effects of temperature and exposure time on octopus juveniles obtained from thermal-stressed (30°C) and non-stressed (24°C) females when exposed to optimal (25°C) and high temperatures (30°C) for 20 and 30 days, respectively. Data of survival, and oxygen consumption (MR) were obtained, also in routine (RMR) and resting conditions (SMR). The high metabolic rate (HMR) was used to obtain the thermal metabolic scope (TMS) That was defined as: TMS = HMR - SMR<br> Data on the antioxidant defense enzymes and radical oxygen species (ROS) were used to evaluate if transgenerational effect of temperature provoked changes in the hability of juveniles to neutralize ROS. </p>
Physiological thermal niches, elevational ranges and thermal stress in dendrobatid frogs: an integrated approach
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We investigated the relationship between thermal physiology, elevational distribution, and thermal stress among nine closely related dendrobatid frogs during their aquatic stage by employing an integrated approach, combining thermal physiology, environmental temperature modelling, and predictive assessments of current and future exposure to thermal variation.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Ecuador</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Amphibians; Anura, Dendrobatidae, Epipedobates, Hyloxalus</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We determined the Thermal Performance Curves of larval growth (TPCs) for each species and modelled the thermal variation in contrasting aquatic larval environments for both present and future times. This allowed us to estimate the expected elevational distributions and forecast periods of exposure to stressful temperatures that inhibit larval growth due to elevation and global warming.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We found significant correlations between optimum temperature (Topt), 50 % maximum performance temperature (maxB50), 50% minimum performance temperature (minB50), and cold resistance (survival at 9 ºC) with the current elevational distributions. However, thermal physiology predicted lower than observed distributions for high-elevation dendrobatids and higher than observed maximum elevations for lowland species. Nonetheless, our models predicted that low thermal variability habitats (i.e. streams and deep permanent ponds) can buffer the future increase in temperatures for all taxa, even when considering the most extreme scenario. In contrast, all species within high thermal variation habitats (open forest temporary ponds) are expected to experience stressful temperatures under present conditions.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions:</strong> The findings indicate that thermal physiology may not be a limiting factor for dendrobatid frog species' ranges in this equatorial mountain gradient. Highland species may need to adapt to suboptimal performance, while some lowland species could occupy higher elevations. This study emphasizes the importance of habitat buffering to mitigate thermal stress in the face of climate change for amphibians in tropical mountains.</p>
Transcriptomes of Rotaria rotatoria under thermal stress
<div> <p>Global warming has raised concerns regarding the potential impact on aquatic biosafety and health. To illuminate the adaptive mechanisms of bdelloid rotifers in response to global warming, the ecological and transcriptomic characteristics of two strains (HX and ZJ) of <em>Rotaria rotatoria</em> were investigated at 25°C and 35°C. Our results showed an obvious genetic divergence between the two geographic populations. Thermal stress significantly reduced the average lifespan of <em>R. rotatoria</em> in both strains, but increased the offspring production in the ZJ strain. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes <em>Hsp70 </em>were significantly upregulated in the HX strain, while <em>GSTo1 </em>and <em>Cu/Zn‐SOD</em> were on the contrary. In the ZJ strain, the expression levels of genes <em>Hsp70</em>, <em>CAT2</em>, and <em>GSTo1 </em>were upregulated under thermal stress. Conversely, a significant decrease in the expression level of the <em>Mn‐SOD</em> gene was observed in the ZJ strain under thermal stress. Transcriptomic profiling analysis revealed a total of 105 and 5288 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the HX and ZJ strains under thermal stress, respectively. The PCA results showed clear differences in gene expression pattern between HX and ZJ strains under thermal stress. Interestingly, compared to the HX strain, numerous downregulated DEGs in the ZJ strain were enriched into pathways related to metabolism under thermal stress, suggesting that rotifers from the ZJ strain prioritize resource allocation to reproduction by suppressing costly metabolic processes. This finding is consistent with the life table results. This study provides new insights into the adaptive evolution of aquatic animals in the context of global climate change.</p> </div>
Supplemental Material to Article "Development of thermal residual stresses during manufacture of wind turbine blades"
<p>This set supplements the figure data to the article "Development of thermal residual stresses during manufacture of wind turbine blades", DOI: .</p>
Natural temperature variation at the origin site can determine coral resistance to thermal stress
<p>This repository contains data files and scripts used in the research paper titled <em>"Natural temperature variation at the origin site can determine coral resistance to thermal stress."</em> The provided materials support the analysis and results presented in the study.</p>
Dataset for article "Prediction of thermal shock induced cracking in multi-material ceramics using a stress-energy criterion" published in Engineering Fracture Mechanics
<p>Dataset contains graphical outputs of the numerical analysis performed using Finite element method in finite elements software Ansys Mechanical. It contains also photoes of the tested specimens. Further, material data used for the numerical analysis and measured by authors are included in the csv file and all necessary input codes for the FE system Ansys creating data for graphs in the publication are provided in the subfolder "Models-Ansys" within "Data" directory.</p> <p> </p>
Linking critical thermal maximum to mortality from thermal stress in a cold-water frog
<p>Estimates of organismal thermal tolerance are frequently used to assess physiological risk from warming, yet the assumption that these estimates are predictive of mortality has been called into question. We tested this assumption in the cold water-specialist frog, <em>Ascaphus</em> <em>montanus</em>. For seven populations, we used dynamic experimental assays to measure tadpole critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and measured mortality from chronic thermal stress for three days at different temperatures. We tested the relationship between previously–estimated population CTmax and observed mortality, as well as the strength of CTmax as a predictor of mortality compared to local stream temperatures capturing varying timescales. Populations with higher CTmax experienced significantly less mortality in the warmest temperature treatment (25℃). We also found that population CTmax outperformed stream temperature metrics as the top predictor of observed mortality. These results demonstrate a clear link between CTmax and mortality from thermal stress, contributing evidence that CTmax is a relevant metric for physiological vulnerability assessments.</p>
Effect of thermal acclimation on the tolerance of the peach fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata: Tephritidae) to heat and cold stress
<p>The effect of thermal acclimation on cold and heat tolerance of the peach fruit fly (<em>Bactrocera zonata</em>) was studied. Males and females were acclimated at 20, 25 and 30°C for up to 19 days following adult emergence. The critical thermal minimum (CT<sub>min</sub>) and maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) were subsequently recorded as well adult survival following acute exposure to chilling (0 or -3°C for 2 hours). Additionally, the survival of pupae subjected for two hours to temperatures ranging from -12°C to 5°C was determined.</p> <p>The raw data collected during this study is available in the provided data file.</p>
Data from: Does local adaptation along a latitudinal cline shape plastic responses to combined thermal and nutritional stress?
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Data from: Physiological effects of interacting native and invasive bivalves under thermal stress
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Crossing thermal boundaries: Quantifying the impact of sublethal heat stress on growth in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
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Data from: Impact of short- and long-duration thermal stress on antioxidant enzyme activity in Parthenium beetles
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