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79 results for “tropical insects”
Datasets - Evolutionary history, not ecogeographic rules, explains size variation of tropical insects along elevational gradients
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Data from: The influence of lightning on insect and fungal dynamics in a lowland tropical forest
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Tropical agroforestry supports insect pollinators and improves bean yield
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Data from: The thermal breadth of temperate and tropical freshwater insects supports the climate variability hypothesis
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Fruiting trees provide fruit and insect resources for four tropical deer species
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Genotype-environment interaction reveals varied developmental responses to unpredictable host phenology in a tropical insect
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Raw data: Temperature and water availability drive insect seasonality across a temperate and a tropical region
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Insect seed-predator networks respond positively to restoration on a tropical island
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Data from: Complex temporal dynamics of insect metacommunities along a tropical elevational gradient
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Data from: Vertical differentiation in tropical forest butterflies: a novel mechanism generating insect diversity?
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Data from: Scale insect host ranges are broader in the tropics
The specificity of the interactions between plants and their consumers varies considerably. The evolutionary and ecological factors underlying this variation are unclear. Several potential explanatory factors vary with latitude, for example plant species richness and the intensity of herbivory. Here, we use comparative phylogenetic methods to test the effect of latitude on host range in scale insects. We find that, on average, scale insects that occur in lower latitudes are more polyphagous. This result is at odds with the general pattern of greater host-plant specificity of insects in the tropics. We propose that this disparity reflects a high cost for host specificity in scale insects, stemming from unusual aspects of scale insect life history, for example, passive wind-driven dispersal. More broadly, the strong evidence for pervasive effects of geography on host range across insect groups stands in stark contrast to the weak evidence for constraints on host range due to genetic trade-offs.
Data from: Seasonally dependent relationship between insect herbivores and host plant density in Jatropha nana, a tropical perennial herb
The fact that plant spatial aggregation patterns shape insect herbivore communities in a variety of ways has resulted in a large body of literature on the subject. The landmark resource concentration hypothesis predicts that density of insect-herbivores per plant will increase as host plant density increases. I examined this prediction across temporal samplings using Jatropha nana and the associated specialist insect-herbivores as a system. Through 12 field samplings, I modelled the effect of host plant density on insect-herbivore loads. The initial samplings (2-3) provided evidence for the resource concentration hypothesis with insect loads increasing with increasing host plant density, whereas the later samplings (4-5, 7-11) showed the opposite- a resource dilution pattern with decline of insect loads with increasing host plant density. These patterns also depend on the biology of the herbivores and have important implications on J. nana population dynamics.
Data from: Reproductive behaviour indicates specificity in resource use: phylogenetic examples from temperate and tropical insects
Specificity (= the degree of ecological specialisation) is one of the fundamental concepts of the science of ecology. Ambiguities on how to define and measure specificity have however complicated respective research efforts. Here we propose that, in insects, a behavioural trait –adult oviposition latency in captivity without a favourable host plant – correlates with a species' specificity in larval host use. In the absence of a suitable host, monophagous insects are expected to wait for a long time before commencing oviposition, with the long waiting time corresponding to careful host location behaviour in nature. Polyphagous insects, in contrast, should be selected for an increased oviposition rate at the expense of the quality of oviposition substrate encountered and will on average have a short latency time. Using experimentally derived data on oviposition latency, we performed a phylogenetically informed analysis based on Bayesian inference to show that this variable correlates with host specificity (larval diet breadth) in a sample of North-European species of geometrid moths. A closely related index – the probability to lay any eggs on an unfavourable substrate – shows an analogous pattern. To provide an example of how these indices can be applied, we compare our sample of geometrid moths from Northern Europe with a sample from equatorial Africa. A comparative analysis based on an original phylogenetic reconstruction found no differences between the two study sites in parameters of oviposition behaviour. We conclude that behavioural tests can provide information about ecological interactions when the latter cannot be directly recorded. Our example study also hints at the possibility that host specificity of herbivores is not necessarily higher in a tropical region compared to a temperate one.
Assessing the potential for indirect interactions between tropical tree species via shared insect seed predators
Natural enemies of plants have the potential to influence the dynamics of plant populations and the structure of plant communities. In diverse tropical forests research on the effects of plant enemies has largely focused on the diversity-enhancing effects of highly specialised enemies, while the community-level effects of enemies with broader diets have rarely been considered. We investigated the community of insect seed predators interacting with seven tree species in the family Lauraceae on Barro Colorado Island (Panama). We present one of the first quantitative food webs for pre-dispersal insect seed predators and their host plants, and use the information in the web to assess the potential for indirect interactions between the tree species. Our data suggest that there is high potential for indirect interactions between Lauraceae species via their shared seed predators. The strength and direction of these interactions is largely unrelated to the phylogenetic distance and trait similarity between species but are likely governed by the volume of fruit produced by each tree species.
Multiple metrics of latitudinal patterns in insect pollination and herbivory for a tropical-temperate congener pair
<p>The biotic interactions hypothesis posits that biotic interactions are more important drivers of adaptation closer to the equator, evidenced by "stronger" contemporary interactions (e.g. greater interaction rates) and/or patterns of trait evolution consistent with a history of stronger interactions. Support for the hypothesis is mixed, but few studies span tropical and temperate regions while experimentally controlling for evolutionary history. Here, we integrate field observations and common garden experiments to quantify the relative importance of pollination and herbivory in a pair of tropical-temperate congeneric perennial herbs. <i>Phytolacca rivinoides</i> and <i>P. americana</i> are pioneer species native to the Neotropics and the eastern USA, respectively. We compared plant-pollinator and plant-herbivore interactions between three tropical populations of <i>P. rivinoides </i>from Costa Rica and three temperate populations of <i>P. americana</i> from its northern range edge in Michigan and Ohio. For some metrics of interaction importance, we also included three subtropical populations of <i>P. americana</i> from its southern range edge in Florida. This approach confounds species and region but allows us, uniquely, to measure complementary proxies of interaction importance across a tropical-temperate range in one system. To test the prediction that lower-latitude plants are more reliant on insect pollinators, we quantified floral display and reward, insect visitation rates, and self-pollination ability (autogamy). To test the prediction that lower-latitude plants experience more herbivore pressure, we quantified herbivory rates, herbivore abundance, and leaf palatability. We found evidence supporting the biotic interactions hypothesis for most comparisons between <i>P. rivinoides</i> and north-temperate <i>P. americana</i> (floral display, insect visitation, autogamy, herbivory, herbivore abundance, and young-leaf palatability). Results for subtropical <i>P. americana</i> populations, however, were typically not intermediate between <i>P. rivinoides</i> and north-temperate <i>P. americana</i>, as would be predicted by a linear latitudinal gradient in interaction importance. Subtropical young-leaf palatability was intermediate, but subtropical mature leaves were the least palatable, and pollination-related traits did not differ between temperate and subtropical regions. These nonlinear patterns of interaction importance suggest future work to relate interaction importance to climatic or biotic thresholds. In sum, we found that the biotic interactions hypothesis was more consistently supported at the larger spatial scale of our study.</p>
FIGURE 10 in Archaeococcoid scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from the tropical high mountains of the Andean Cordillera, South America
FIGURE 10. Adult female of Platycoelostoma rauppi Foldi n. sp. Where: A = apical segment of antenna; B = triangular multilocular pore with trilocular centre; C = flagellate seta; D = hair-like seta; E = broadly oval multilocular pore with bilocular centre; F = abdominal spiracles; G = anal tube; H = simple tubular pore; I = spinules; J = metathoracic leg; K = longest hair-like setae near coxae; L = thoracic spiracle; M = multilocular pore with quadrilocular centre; N = small multilocular pore with triangular shaped outer loculi.
FIGURE 7 in Archaeococcoid scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from the tropical high mountains of the Andean Cordillera, South America
FIGURE 7. Third-instar female of Paramoandesia ecuadorensis Foldi n. sp. Where: A = antenna; B = dorsal hair; C = multilocular pore with oval centre; D = mosaic-like structure on intersegmantal membrane: E = stout hair-like seta; F = multilocular pore with quadrate centre; G = hair on abdomen; H = dorsal and perispiracular broadly oval multilocular pore; I = minute circular pore with irregular opening; J = anal tube; K = abdominal spiracle with pores H+I; L = flagellate seta; M = hair-like seta; N = multilocular pore with 5 central loculi; O = metathoracic leg with claw; P = multilocular pore with triangular centre; Q = thoracic spiracle with enlargement of pores H + I; R = spinules.
FIGURE 4 in Archaeococcoid scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from the tropical high mountains of the Andean Cordillera, South America
FIGURE 4. Adult female of Paramoandesia colombiensis Foldi n. sp. Where: A = multilocular pore with oval centre; B + C = straight and curved dorsal and ventral hairs; D = hair-like seta; E = flagellate seta; F = dorsal and ventral multilocular pores with triangular centre; G = abdominal spiracle; H = short spiniform setae with strongly enlarged base; I = polygonal patch on intersegmental membrane; J = claw; K = thoracic spiracle; L = multilocular pore with quadrate centre, M = sensory organs on antennal intersegmental membrane. N = spinules.
FIGURE 2 in Archaeococcoid scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from the tropical high mountains of the Andean Cordillera, South America
FIGURE 2. Adult female of Crypticerya abrahami (Newstead). Where: A = pore with 2 large central loculi and 4 small elongated outer loculi; B = antenna; C = small convex pores and minute setae at base of scape; D = multilocular pore with 4 large central loculi and 12 small outer loculi; E = hair-like setae; F = pore with 3 large central loculi and 6 small outer loculi; G = anal tube; H = cicatrix; I = abdominal spiracle; J = long collared seta on submargin; K = multilocular pore around anal area; L = broadly oval multilocular pore; M = metathoracic leg; N = campaniform sensillum on trochanter; O = thoracic spiracle with enlargement of perispiracular pore (pp); P = pore with Y-shaped opening and an irregular rim. R = multilocular pores with a central ductule around vulvar opening; S = flagellate seta; T = hair.
FIGURE 3 in Archaeococcoid scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from the tropical high mountains of the Andean Cordillera, South America
FIGURE 3. First-intar nymph of Crypticerya abrahami (Newstead). Where: A = prothoracic leg; B = thoracic spiracle; C = dorsal hexagonal multilocular pore; D = anal tube; E + F = multilocular pores and polygonal wax pores at inner end of anal tube; G = multilocular pore on dorsum and venter; H = quadrilocular pore on venter; I = posteroventral circular cicatrix; J = 3 pairs of long caudal setae, median pair represent shorter collared setae; K = dorsal hair-like setae; L = collared setae on margin; M = antenna; N = eye; O = hair-like setae on margin.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.