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162 results for “truncating”
Improving bird abundance estimates in harvested forests with retention by limiting detection radius through sound truncation
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MA in ventral view clearly truncate at tip (Q1, P1) in An of Zelotibia (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), a spider genus with a species swarm in the Albertine Rift
MA in ventral view clearly truncate at tip (Q1, P1)
Figure 1. - Diagram showing abbreviations of geometric terms used to describe truncate flabellids. Left: lateral view of an anthocyathus; center: basal scar of an anthocyathus; right: edge view of an anthocyathus. Abbreviations defined in Materials section.
Figure 1. - Diagram showing abbreviations of geometric terms used to describe truncate flabellids. Left: lateral view of an anthocyathus; center: basal scar of an anthocyathus; right: edge view of an anthocyathus. Abbreviations defined in Materials section.
Molodensky's truncation coefficients for cap integration in spectral gravity forward modelling
<p>Provided are Molodensky's truncation coefficients for cap-modified spectral gravity forward modelling from the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01277-3">Bucha et al. (2019)</a> study. The coefficients are evaluated for</p> <ul> <li>the spherical distance of <em><span>\(\psi_0 = 100000\ \mathrm{m} / 6378137\ \mathrm{m}\)</span> </em>(100 km integration radius from the evaluation point),</li> <li>the reference sphere having the radius <span>\(R = 6378137\ \mathrm{m}\)</span>,</li> </ul> <ul> <li>the radius of the evaluation point<em> <span>\(r = 6378137\ \mathrm{m} + 7000\ \mathrm{m}\)</span></em>,</li> <li>harmonic degrees <span>\(n=0,\dots,21600\)</span>,</li> <li>topography powers <span>\(p=1,\dots,30\)</span>,</li> <li>radial derivatives <span>\(k=0,\dots,40\)</span>, and</li> <li>the first- and second-order horizontal derivatives.</li> </ul> <p>The coefficients were computed using 256 significant digits, ensuring 24-digit accuracy or better. After the evaluation, the coefficients were converted to double precision with 16 significant digits. Importantly, in some cases, the loss of significance errors may be encountered during the spherical harmonic synthesis when using the coefficients (see the reference below).</p> <p>Bucha, B., Hirt, C., Kuhn, M., 2019. <em>Cap integration in spectral gravity forward modelling up to the full gravity tensor</em>. Journal of Geodesy, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01277-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01277-3</a>.</p>
Calcium dynamics upon heating in murine neonatal cardiomyocytes transduced with truncated human TRPV1(−109 a.a.) and the localization of TRPV1 in these cells
<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The expression of truncated human TRPV1(−109 a.a.) in cardiomyocytes allowed us to induce action potentials (APs) by pulse irradiation with an infrared (IR) diode laser. We studied the calcium dynamics in these cells (Ca_TRPV.zip image set). Murine cardiomyocytes were transducted by AAV-based vectors bearing construction of TRPV1(−109 a.a.) with mRuby (for expression detection) and vectors bearing GCaMP6s calcium sensor. Cardiomyocytes were heated by IR laser with a repetition rate of 2 Hz and 30 ms pulse width in a calcium-free medium.<br>To explain the observed calcium dynamics, we also studied the subcellular localization of human TRPV1 in Murine cardiomyocytes ER_a-flag_100x_param1_Z-stack002.nd2</p> <h3>Primary cell production and transformation</h3> <p>Experiments were carried out using C57Bl/6J mice (The Jackson Laboratory, #000664, RRID: IMSR_JAX:000664). The mixed mouse primary neonatal cardiomyocyte cell culture was obtained using a neonatal heart dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-098-373) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The cells were cultured in DMEM/F12, 1:1 mixture (BioloT, 1.3.7.2.) supplemented with 10% FBS, penicillin 100 U/ml /streptomycin 100 mg/ml, and L-glutamine 0.365 g/l. The culture was seeded on 10mm coverslips coated with 10 mg/ml gelatin diluted in PBS and maintained at 37℃ in 5% CO2. For transient expression of the hTRPV1 channel, a reporter protein, and a fluorescent Ca2+ sensor GCaMP6s, we used AAV-based vectors with the encoded genes above. We used the AAV-DJ serotype at a MOI of 12,000 VG/cells for cTnT_hTRPV1(sh)_P2A_mRuby based viruses, and a MOI of 2,500 VG/cells for cTnT_GCaMP6s ones. The cells were infected on the next day after plating, and the transgene expression peak was observed on the third day after the infection.</p> <h3>Distant heating system</h3> <p>The system was equipped with a fiber coupled laser diode (LD) 4PN-117 (SemiNex) as a powerful heating laser, providing radiation at a wavelength of 1375 nm with an average power of up to 4.3 W through a multimode fiber with a core diameter of 105 μm and 0.22NA. The LD was mounted onto a TEC-controlled plate “264 TEC HP LaserMount” (A.I.), which was operated by TEC driver TECSource 5305 (A.I.); current stabilization and control for LD were performed with LD driver LaserSource 4320 (A.I.). The laser was controlled via the TTL output from the HEKA EPC-10 amplifier. Different laser intensities and pulse widths were used. Laser power, P, can be computed from trigger voltage, U, by an equation: P [W] = -0.28 + 1.42 * U [V].</p> <p>Intracellular calcium recordings of single cardiac cells<br>Neonatal cardiomyocyte cells transduced with GCaMP6s sensor were viewed and acquired under a water immersion Olympus LUMPLFLN40×W objective with 40X magnification. Data acquisition was performed at 20 fps using a Scientifica SliceScopePro 2000 microscope (Scientifica, UK) equipped with a Hamamatsu Orca Flash 4.0 CMOS monochrome digital camera (Hamamatsu Photonics) connected to a PC running the free software uManager. A CoolLED pE-300ultra was used as a light source. It was synchronized with the laser heating system via BNC-TTL output from the Heka Elektronik EPC 10 USB Patch Clamp Amplifier. To synchronize the pacing and the GCamp6s signal registration, the light source was switched off for one acquisition cycle at the beginning of the pacing. The GCamp6s signal was analyzed using Fiji software.</p> <h3><br>TRPV1 channel localization</h3> <p>To understand the localization of the expressed TRPV1 channels in neonatal mice cardiomyocytes, we utilized cells infected with AAV-PHP.S serotype viruses with pAAV_cTnT_hTRPV1_P2A_FLAG-tag at a MOI of 2500 VG/cells. To visualize endoplasmic reticulum, we stained the live cells with ER-Tracker™ Red (BODIPY™ TR Glibenclamide, Thermo Fisher Scientific, E34250) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After the staining with ER-tracker, cardiomyocytes were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, 158127-100G) for 5 minutes at room temperature and washed trice with 0.3% Tween 20 (Sigma-Aldrich, P1379-250ML) diluted in PBS (5 minutes each). The fixed cells then were blocked with PBS containing 0.12% tween 20, 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, PanEko, 68100.10г), and 10% goat serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 16210072) for 40 minutes at room temperature. After the buffer removal, the cardiomyocytes were labeled with of DYKDDDDK Tag Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (8H8L17, Invitrogen, MA1-142-A488) at 1:500 dilution in 1% BSA, 10% goat serum, and 89% PBS for 2 hours at room temperature. The samples were washed three times with PBS after the incubations. Then, the cells were stained with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody Alexa Fluor™ 488 (Invitrogen, A-11008) at dilution 1:500 for 1 hour at room temperature. The removal of non-conjugated antibodies was performed in parallel with cell nuclei staining. The cells were incubated with PBS supplemented with 2 μg/ml DAPI (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-111-570) for 15 minutes at room temperature. For further experiments, glasses with the labeled cells were placed onto the Superfrost Plus adhesion slides (Epredia, EPBRSF41296SP) in 20 µl VECTASHIELD Vibrance Antifade Mounting Media (Vector Laboratories, H-1700-2) and stored at +4℃ in the dark.<br>The samples were analyzed using an inverted Nikon A1 confocal microscope and visualized using Nikon NIS-Elements software. We pictured the sample in each channel individually exciting DAPI, DYKDDDDK Tag-Alexa Fluor 488, and ER-tracker by laser lines 405 nm, 488 nm and 561 nm, respectively. Colocolization analysis was performed using ImageJ software.</p>
Data from: Occurrence-habitat mismatching and niche truncation when modelling distributions affected by anthropogenic range contractions
<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Human-induced pressures such as deforestation cause anthropogenic range contractions (ARCs). Such contractions present dynamic distributions that may engender data misrepresentations within species distribution models. The temporal bias of occurrence data—where occurrences represent distributions before (past bias) or after (recent bias) ARCs—underpins these data misrepresentations. Occurrence-habitat mismatching results when occurrences sampled before contractions are modelled with contemporary anthropogenic variables; niche truncation results when occurrences sampled after contractions are modelled without anthropogenic variables. Our understanding of their independent and interactive effects on model performance remains incomplete but is vital for developing good modelling protocols. Through a virtual ecologist approach, we demonstrate how these data misrepresentations manifest and investigate their effects on model performance.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Virtual Southeast Asia</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using 100 virtual species, we simulated ARCs with 100-year land-use data and generated temporally biased (past, recent) occurrence datasets. We modelled datasets with and without a contemporary land-use variable (conventional modelling protocols) and with a temporally dynamic land-use variable. We evaluated each model's ability to predict historical and contemporary distributions.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Greater ARC resulted in greater occurrence-habitat mismatching for datasets with past bias and greater niche truncation for datasets with recent bias. Occurrence-habitat mismatching prevented models with the contemporary land-use variable from predicting anthropogenic-related absences, causing overpredictions of contemporary distributions. Although niche truncation caused underpredictions of historical distributions (environmentally suitable habitats), incorporating the contemporary land-use variable resolved these underpredictions, even when mismatching occurred. Models with the temporally dynamic land-use variable consistently outperformed models without.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> We showed how these data misrepresentations can degrade model performance, undermining their use for empirical research and conservation science. Given the ubiquity of anthropogenic range contractions, these data misrepresentations are likely inherent to most datasets. Therefore, we present a three-step strategy for handling data misrepresentations: maximise the temporal range of anthropogenic predictors, exclude mismatched occurrences, and test for residual data misrepresentations.</p>
Effect of a laser heat treatment on the thickness distribution of AZ31B Mg Alloy Truncated Cone obtained via Superplastic Forming
<p><span>Thickness distribution of a Mg alloy (AZ31B) truncated cone obtained by means of the superplastic forming process (SPF) starting both from the alloy in the As Received condition and after a localised laser heat treatment, using different initial blank diameters and radii of the laser trajectory </span></p>
Scans of leaves dissected in phyllotactic order: complementation of ago7 mutant A. thaliana plants with truncated promoter transgenes
<p>This transgenic complementation experiment is described in a paper by Hoyer et al. (2019): <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.102">https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.102</a></p> <p>Adaxial (ad) and abaxial (ab) surfaces of rosettes were photographed in between removal of leaves, to enable checking that leaves were removed in the correct phyllotactic order.<strong> </strong>A manifest file with file SHA-1 sums is included.</p> <p>Metadata and LeafJ measurements have been made available separately, to facilitate updates -- see <a href="https://github.com/jshoyer/raspi-photo-and-leaf-scan-metadata">https://github.com/jshoyer/raspi-photo-and-leaf-scan-metadata</a>, archived as <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1340636">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1340636</a></p> <p>Seed was plated and growth started on 2016-08-26. Leaves were dissected and scanned 33 and 35 days post-stratification (2016-09-28 and 30).</p>
Time-lapse photograph dataset: complementation of ago7 mutant A. thaliana plants with truncated promoter transgenes
<p>This transgenic complementation experiment is described in a paper by Hoyer et al. (2019): <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.102">https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.102</a></p> <p>Time-stamped photographs are provided in twelve directories by camera (twelve overlapping fields of view) and a manifest file with file SHA-1 sums is included.</p> <p>Metadata have been made available separately, to facilitate updates -- see <a href="https://github.com/jshoyer/raspi-photo-and-leaf-scan-metadata">https://github.com/jshoyer/raspi-photo-and-leaf-scan-metadata</a>, archived as <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1340636">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1340636</a></p> <p>Seed was plated and growth started on 2016-08-26.</p>
Fig. 9 in Life cycle truncation in Digenea, a case study of Neophasis spp. (Acanthocolpidae)
Fig. 9. Proposed life cycle scheme of Neophasis oculata (A) and N. anarrhichae (B).
Fig. 4 in Life cycle truncation in Digenea, a case study of Neophasis spp. (Acanthocolpidae)
Fig. 4. Neophasis oculata metacercariae, inside cyst (A) and removed from cyst (B).
Fig. 6 in Life cycle truncation in Digenea, a case study of Neophasis spp. (Acanthocolpidae)
Fig. 6. Neophasis anarrhichae mother sporocyst (A) and mother redia (B).
Truncated Exponential Sampling Dataset
<p>The development and maintenance of this dataset has been supported in part by Laboratory Directed Research and Development Early Career Research Funding of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) under project number 20210662ECR. LANL is operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of U.S. Department of Energy (Contract No. 89233218CNA000001). We also acknowledge support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award Number DESC0022311.</p>
A solitary ground-nesting wasp truncates its parental investment in response to detection of parasites
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More but smaller: Marine heatwaves exacerbate size truncation in overfished fish communities in the Skagerrak
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Direct observation of phase transitions in truncated tetrahedral microparticles under quasi-2D confinement
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Data from: Occurrence-habitat mismatching and niche truncation when modelling distributions affected by anthropogenic range contractions
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Data from: Dead before detection: addressing the effects of left truncation on survival estimation and ecological inference for neonates
1. Neonate survival is a key life history trait, yet remains challenging to measure in wild populations because neonates can be difficult to capture at birth. Estimates of survival from neonates that are opportunistically captured might be inaccurate because some individuals die before sampling, resulting in data that are left truncated. The resulting overestimation of survival rates can further affect ecological inference through biased estimates of covariate effects in survival models, yet is not addressed in most studies of animal survival. Here, we quantify the effects of left truncation on survival estimates and subsequent ecological inference. 2. Vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) enable capture of ungulates at birth, yielding data without left truncation. The effects of left truncation on survival estimation were quantified using age-dependent survival models for VIT and opportunistically captured neonatal deer. Differences in daily survival rates (DSRs) and cumulative survival probability were calculated for the first 70 days of life. In addition, left truncation was simulated by removing fawns that died during the first 1 or 2 days of life from the VIT-caught sample, isolating the effect of left truncation. 3. Cumulative probability of survival during the first 70 days of life was overestimated by 7–23% for fawns caught opportunistically compared with those caught by VIT, depending on model design. Differences in DSRs were large at age 1 day, but had converged by age 30 days. Simulated left truncation resulted in overestimates of survival of up to 31%. Model selection and covariate coefficients were strongly affected by left truncation, producing spurious ecological inference, including changes to sign and/or magnitude of inferred effects of all covariates. 4. We recommend (i) every effort be made to capture neonates; (ii) consistent capture methods, using at least in part non-truncating techniques, be implemented across years and study areas; and (iii) exclusion of left-truncated data from survival estimates until DSRs converge with those calculated from non-truncated data. This work emphasizes the importance of accounting for left truncation in survival estimation for any species with strong age-dependent survival in order to prevent biased conclusions produced by sampling method rather than true ecological effects.
Data from: Diversification and convergence of aposematic phenotypes: truncated receptors and cellular arrangements mediate rapid evolution of coloration in harlequin poison frogs
Aposematic signals represent one of the classical systems to study evolution and, as such, they have received considerable empirical and theoretical investigation. Despite the extensive literature on aposematic coloration, much uncertainty remains about genetic changes responsible for the repeated evolution of similar signals in multiple lineages. Here, we study the diversification and convergence of coloration among lineages of aposematic harlequin poison frogs (O. histrionica complex). Our results suggest that different background phenotypes, showing different color and/or luminance contrast, have evolved independently at least twice in this group. We suggest that cellular arrangements are behind the striking diversity of color and patterns in this group and propose that differences in dorsal background color may be related to either or both, the presence/absence of xanthophores and the dispersion of melanosomes. Our genetic analyses support a role for the melanocortin receptor MC1R in melanosome aggregation, and we show evidence that two different mutations (∆433 and C432A) are responsible for the darker phenotypes that may display a more detectable, easier to learn, aposematic signal.
FIGURE 5. Lipotactes truncates Shi & Li, 2009 in Remarks on the genus Lipotactes Brunner v. W., 1898 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Lipotactinae) from China
FIGURE 5. Lipotactes truncates Shi & Li, 2009, male: A–B. head and pronotum: A. dorsal view; B. lateral view; C. head in frontal view; G–J. apex of abdomen: G. dorsal view; H. apical view; I. lateral view; J. ventral view; female: D–E. head and pronotum: D. dorsal view; E. lateral view; F. subgenital plate in ventral view; K. ovipositor in lateral view; L. apex of ovipositor in lateral view; M. hind femur in lateral view.
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