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47 results for “vital rates”
Brown bear population vital rates
<p>Identifying mechanisms of population change is fundamental for conserving small and declining populations and determining effective management strategies.<b> </b>Few studies, however, have measured the demographic components of population change for small populations of mammals (< 50 individuals). We estimated vital rates and trends in two adjacent but genetically distinct, threatened brown bear (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) populations in British Columbia, Canada, following the cessation of hunting. One population had approximately 45 resident bears but had some genetic and geographic connectivity to neighbouring populations, while the other population had < 25 individuals and was isolated.</p> <p>We estimated population-specific vital rates by monitoring survival and reproduction of telemetered female bears and their dependent offspring from 2005 to 2018. In the larger, connected population, independent female survival was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.96-1.00) and the survival of cubs in their first year was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.62-0.95). In the smaller, isolated population, independent female survival was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.64-0.93) and first-year cub survival was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.11-0.67). Reproductive rates did not differ between populations. The large differences in age-specific survival estimates resulted in a projected population increase in the larger population (λ = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.13) and population decrease in the smaller population (λ = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72-0.95). Low female survival in the smaller population was the result of both continued human-caused mortality and an unusually high rate of natural mortality. Low cub survival may have been due to inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity common in small populations, or to limited resources. In a systematic literature review, we compared our population trend estimates with those reported for other small populations (< 300 individuals) of brown bears. Results suggest that once brown bear populations become small and isolated, populations rarely increase and, even with intensive management, recovery remains challenging.</p>
Experimental data testing CO2 × heatwave effects in Pacific herring offspring including data on vital rates and experimental conditions
<p>Forage fish tend to respond strongly to environmental variability and therefore may be particularly sensitive to marine climate stressors. We used controlled laboratory experiments to assess the vulnerability of Pacific herring (<em>Clupea pallasii</em>) embryos to the combined effects of high <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> and a simulated marine heatwave. The two <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> treatments reflected current conditions (~550 µatm) and a future extreme level (~2,300 µatm). The dynamics of heatwave (i.e., rate of onset: ~0.85°C d-<sup>1</sup>; maximum intensity: +4.4°C) were modeled from the most extreme events detected by a long-term regional temperature dataset. Simultaneous exposure to these potential stressors did not affect embryo survival. However, the heatwave did elicit significant metabolic effects that included higher rates of routine metabolism (Q<sub>10</sub> = 1.15 - 1.72), growth (Q<sub>10</sub> = 1.87), rate of development to hatch (Q<sub>10</sub> = 3.01), and yolk consumption (Q<sub>10</sub> = 3.21) as well as a significant reduction in production efficiency (-10.8%) and a three-fold increase in the rate of developmental anomalies. By contrast, high <em>p</em>CO2 conditions produced comparatively small effects to vital rates, including a significant increase in time to hatch (+0.88 d) and a reduction in routine metabolic rate (-6.3%) under the ambient temperature regime only. We found no evidence that high <em>p</em>CO2 increased routine metabolic rate at either temperature. These results indicate that Pacific herring embryos possess sufficient physiological plasticity to cope with extreme seawater acidification under optimal and heatwave temperature conditions, although lingering metabolic inefficiencies induced by the heatwave may lead to important carry-over effects in later life-stages.</p>
Sensitivity of multiple vital rates for ruffed grouse in the upper Great Lakes region
<p>Effective management of wildlife requires a full understanding of population dynamics and knowledge of potential drivers that influence population growth. The Ruffed Grouse (<i>Bonasa umbellus</i>) is a popular upland game bird widely distributed across the northern United States and Canada that has experienced population declines within portions of its range in response to forest maturation and habitat loss. Although the species has been extensively studied, few efforts have been made to synthesize demographic data into a sensitivity analysis to guide management actions. We reviewed the literature and compiled Ruffed Grouse vital rates from 14 field studies conducted across four decades (1982−2018) within the Upper Great Lakes region of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, USA. We parameterized a deterministic matrix model to evaluate population dynamics and conducted sensitivity analyses to identify vital rates projected to have the greatest influence on the finite rate of population change (λ). Our modeling effort projected a stable but highly variable annual rate of population change (λ = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.88–1.14) for Ruffed Grouse in the Upper Great Lakes region. Stochastic rates of population change derived from spring drumming surveys (λ = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.61–1.45) and Christmas Bird Count surveys (λ = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.62–1.76) of the corresponding regional population provided validation of stable trends over the same time period as our demographic model. Prospective elasticities and variance-scaled sensitivities suggested λ would be greatly influenced by components of reproductive performance: nesting success, chick survival, and post-fledging juvenile survival. Retrospective analysis indicated that much of the overall variability in λ and annual productivity was also attributed to annual variation in nesting success. Management of this species has often focused on fall and overwinter survival, but population projection models provided little evidence that survival was the predominant factor affecting population growth of Ruffed Grouse in this region. A suite of confounding factors and demographic processes that drive population trends can differ significantly across a species' range. In the Upper Great Lakes region, management efforts aimed at maximizing reproductive success would likely have the greatest potential influence on Ruffed Grouse population growth. Other types of systematic, regional survey data can also be useful for validating population trends derived from demographic modeling studies.</p>
The Effect of Music Therapy on Vital Signs and Heart Rate Variability of Pediatric Patients During the Extubation Process.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06591533. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Integrated population modeling provides the first empirical estimates of vital rates and abundance for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea
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Data from: An extensive suite of functional traits distinguishes wet and dry Hawaiian forests and enables prediction of species vital rates
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Data from: Linking vital rates of landbirds on a tropical island to rainfall and vegetation greenness
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Data from: Functional traits as predictors of vital rates across the life cycle of tropical trees
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Brown bear population vital rates
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Data from: Predicting impact of a biocontrol agent: Integrating distribution modelling with climate-dependent vital rates
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Spatial covariation of fish population vital rates in a stream network
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Sensitivity of multiple vital rates for ruffed grouse in the upper Great Lakes region
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Data from: The influence of herbivory and weather on the vital rates of two closely related cactus species
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Experimental data testing CO2 × heatwave effects in Pacific herring offspring including data on vital rates and experimental conditions
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Data from: Interactions between rainfall, fire and herbivory drive resprouter vital rates in a semi-arid ecosystem
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Data from: Low demographic variability in wild primate populations: fitness impacts of variation, covariation, and serial correlation in vital rates
In a stochastic environment, long-term fitness can be influenced by variation, covariation, and serial correlation in vital rates (survival and fertility). Yet no study of an animal population has parsed the contributions of these three aspects of variability to long-term fitness. We do so using a unique database that includes complete life history information for wild-living individuals of seven primate species that have been the subjects of long-term (22 to 45 year) behavioral studies. Overall, the estimated levels of vital rate variation had only minor effects on long-term fitness, and the effects of vital rate covariation and serial correlation were even weaker. To explore why, we compared estimated variances of adult survival in primates to values for other vertebrates in the literature, and found that adult survival is significantly less variable in primates than in the other vertebrates. Finally, we tested the prediction that adult survival, because it more strongly influences fitness in a constant environment, will be less variable than newborn survival, and found only mixed support for the prediction. Our results suggest that wild primates may be buffered against detrimental fitness effects of environmental stochasticity by their highly developed cognitive abilities, social networks, and broad, flexible diets.
Success Rate of Single Versus Two Visit Regenerative Treatment Protocol in Non Vital Mature Anterior Teeth
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03717337. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Respiratory Rate Validation Study - Mindset Medical Informed Vital Core Application
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06508047. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Vital USA Respiratory Rate Validation In Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04292639. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Low demographic variability in wild primate populations: fitness impacts of variation, covariation, and serial correlation in vital rates
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.