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FIG. 6 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna

FIG. 6. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in right (A) and left (B) anterodorsolateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, bony nares, and outline of several bones. Scale bar: 200 mm.

FIG. 3 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna

FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm.

FIG. 9 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna

FIG. 9. — Comparison of the crania of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype) (a, c) and Rhaphicetus valenciae Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci, 2020 MUSM 2543 (holotype) (B, D), both from the Chilcatay Formation (East Pisco Basin, Peru), in dorsal (A, B) and right lateral (C, D) views, based on 3D models resulting from surface-scanning (see Appendices 1; 2), illustrating the difference in the cross-section of the maxillae on the rostrum (much more dorsoventrally flattened in D. ortegai n. sp.). Note that most of the premaxillae is lost on the rostrum of the holotype of D. ortegai n. sp., truncating the dorsal part of the anterior cross-sections. Scale bar: 200 mm.

FIG. 2 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna

FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm.

FIG. 5 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna

FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

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Data and R code from: Fin whale song evolution in the North Atlantic

Animal songs can change within and between populations as the result of different evolutionary processes. When these processes include cultural transmission, the social learning of information or behaviours from conspecifics, songs can undergo rapid evolutions because cultural novelties can emerge more frequently than genetic mutations. Understanding these song variations over large temporal and spatial scales can provide insights into the patterns, drivers and limits of song evolution that can ultimately inform on the species' capacity to adapt to rapidly changing acoustic environments. In this study, we analysed changes in fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) songs recorded over two decades (1999–2020) across the central and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. We document a rapid replacement of song INIs (inter-note intervals) over just four singing seasons (2000/2001–2004/2005) in the southeast location of the Oceanic Northeast Atlantic (ONA) region, that co-occurred with hybrid songs (with both INIs). During the transition in song INIs (2002/2003) we show a clear geographic gradient in the occurrence of different song INIs in the whole ONA region. We also found gradual changes in song INIs (Figure 3A) and 20-Hz note (Figure 3B) and HF note (Figure 3C) peak frequencies over more than a decade with fin whales adopting song changes. These results provide evidence of vocal learning in fin whales and reveal patterns of song evolution that raise questions on the limits of song variation in this species.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Evolutionary novelties underlie sound production in baleen whales

Experimental and modelling data from the paper "Evolutionary novelties underlie sound production in baleen whales."

Figure 30 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 30. Phylogeny of the Sphaerodoridae familybasedon Bayesiananalysisof the COI, 16S and 18S gene fragments. Numbersadjacent to nodes indicate posterior probabilities, and taxa for which sequences have been contributed by the present study are indicated in bold.

Figure 28 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 28. Osedax byronbayensis sp. nov. holotype AMW.53707. (A) Ethanol-preserved holotype showing majority of tube, scale bar is 1 mm; (B) detail of palp inside tube (arrowed), scale bar is 500 µm.

Figure 26 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 26 (facing page). Osedax waadjum sp. nov. (A) Living female specimen inside tube (NHMUK ANEA 2022.403), scale is 3 mm; (B) anterior of living specimen outside of tube (NHMUK ANEA 2022.403), scale is 1 mm; (C) posterior of preserved specimen showing boundary between palps and trunk (arrowed), NHMUKANEA 2022.402, scale is 1 mm; (D) posterior of preserved holotype specimen, AM W.53706, showing short oviduct emerging from top of trunk, scale is 500 µm; (E) posterior of specimen AM W.53706 showing alterative side of trunk where a small crinkled lobe is present, scale is 500 µm; (F) male specimen from tube of NHMUKANEA 2022.401, with inset showing detail of hooked chaetae (arrowed). Scale is 50 µm in main image and 25 µm in inset.

Figure 29 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 29. Sphaerodoropsis sp. (A) AM W.52205 Whole specimen scale bar 1 mm; (B) parapodia with digiform acicular lobe, scale bar is 50 µm; (C) parapodia with digiform acicular lobe and compound chaetae, scale bar is 20 µm; (D) compound chaetae with blades, scalebaris 20 µm.

Figure 24 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 24. Protodrilus cf. puniceus. (A) anterior end, scalebaris 100 µm; (B) anterior end, scalebaris 200 µm; (C) whole animal, scalebaris 200 µm.

Figure 23 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 23.?Pseudomystides sp., specimen NHMUKANEA 2022.409–411. (A) Photoofanethanol-preservedspecimen, scalebaris 200 µm; (B) light micrograph of prostomium and tentacular cirri of the first segment, scale bar is 75 µm; (C) light micrograph of compound spinigers, scale bar is 25 µm; (D) light micrograph of pygidium with anal cirri and papilla (arrow), scale bar is 100 µm.

Figure 22 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 22. Phylogeny of the genus Eumida (Phyllodocidae) based on Bayesian analysis of the COI gene only. Numbers adjacent to nodes indicate posterior probabilities, and taxa for which sequences have been contributed by the present study are indicated in bold.

Figure 21 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 21. Eumida cf. longicirrata. (A) Photo of a live specimen (NHMUK ANEA 2022.406), scale bar is 1 mm; (B) ventral aspect of the anterior end showing the prostomium and tentacular cirri (NHMUK ANEA 2022.407–408), scale bar is 250 µm; (C) fully everted proboscis (NHMUK ANEA 2022.404), scale bar is 750 µm; (D) light micrograph of mid-body parapodium (NHMUK ANEA 2022.404), scale bar is 200 µm; (E) light micrograph of heterogomph spinigers (NHMUK ANEA 2022.404), scale bar is 50 µm; (F) light micrograph of pygidium missing one anal cirrus (NHMUK ANEA 2022.406), scale bar is 250 µm.

Figure 19 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 19. Phylogeny of the Orbiniidae family based on Bayesian analysis of a combined dataset of the genes COI, 16S and 18S. Numbers adjacent to nodes indicate posterior probabilities, and taxa for which sequences have been contributed by the present study are indicated in bold.

Figure 20 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 20. Orbiniella sp. specimen NHMUK.2022.431. (A) Preserved specimen in lateral view, scale bar is 1 mm; (B) branchiae from posterior segments, scale bar is 250 µm; (C) example of crenulated capillaries, scale bar is 25 µm; (D) example of spines, scale bar is 25 µm; (E) juveniles (NHMUKANEA 2022.421–430), scalebaris 500 µm.

Figure 18 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 18. Orbiniellajamesi sp. nov. (A) Live specimen (holotype AMW.53705), scale is 1 mm; (B) preserved specimen (holotype AM W.53705) in ventro-lateral view; (C) prostomium in dorsal view, NHMUKANEA 2023.1201; (D) anterior parapodiumwith postchaetal lobe (holotype AMW.53705), scale bar is 100 µm; (E) mid-body neuropodial postchaetal lobe, specimen NHMUKANEA 2023.1201, scale bar is 25 µm; (F) small ovoid branchiae, specimen NHMUKANEA 2023.1201, scale bar is 100 µm; (G) elongated strap-like branchiae, specimen NHMUKANEA 2023.1201, scale bar is 100 µm; (H) chaetal types (crenulated capillaries and short acicular spines) of anterior parapodia, scale is 50 µm. Abbreviations: as, acicular spines; cc, crenulated capillaries.

Figure 16 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 16. Phylogeny of the Nereididae family based on Bayesian analysis of a combined dataset of the genes COI, 16S and 18S. Numbers adjacent to nodes indicate posterior probabilities, and taxa for which sequences have been contributed by the present study are indicated in bold.

Figure 31 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 31. Phascolosoma sp. fragments. (A) AMW.52203 anterior fragment, scalebaris 1 mm; (B) AMW.52201 anterior fragment, scale bar is 1 mm; (C) AM W.52202 fragment, scale bar is 1 mm; (D) AM W.52203 anterior fragment, scale bar is 1 mm.