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50 results for “wild pollinator”
Data from: Attracting mutualists and antagonists: plant trait variation explains the distribution of specialist floral herbivores and pollinators on crops and wild gourds
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Floral traits play important roles in pollinator attraction and defense against floral herbivory. However, plants may experience trade-offs between conspicuousness to pollinators and herbivore attraction. Comparative studies provide an excellent framework to examine the role of multiple traits shaping mutualist and antagonist interactions. METHODS: To assess whether putative defensive and attractive traits predict species interactions, we grew 20 different Cucurbitaceae species and varieties in the field to measure interactions with pollinators and herbivores and in the greenhouse to assess trait variation. Cucurbits are characterized by the production of cucurbitacins, bitter nonvolatile terpenoids that are effective against generalist herbivores but can attract specialist beetles. We determined whether plant traits such as cucurbitacins predict herbivore resistance and pollinator attraction using an information-theoretic approach. KEY RESULTS: Mutualists and floral antagonists were attracted to the same cucurbit varieties once they flowered. However, rather than cucurbitacin concentration, we found that the size of the flower and volatile emissions of floral sesquiterpenoids explained both pollinator and floral herbivore visitation preference across cucurbit taxa. This pattern held across cucurbit taxa and within the Cucurbita genus. CONCLUSIONS: Surprisingly, floral sesquiterpenoid volatiles, which are associated with direct defense, indirect defense, and attraction, rather than defense traits such as cucurbitacins, appeared to drive interactions with both pollinators and floral herbivores across cucurbit taxa. Identifying the relevant plant traits for attraction and deterrence is important in this economically valuable crop, particularly if pollinators and floral herbivores use the same plant traits as cues.
Citizen science improves our understanding of the impact of soil management on wild pollinator abundance in agroecosystems
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Native bees provide essential pollination services in both natural and managed ecosystems. However, declines in native bee species highlight the need for increased understanding of land management methods that can promote healthy, persistent populations and diverse communities. This can be challenging and costly using traditional scientific methods, but citizen science can overcome many limitations. In this study, we examined the distribution and abundance of an agriculturally important wild bee species, the squash bee (<i>Eucera </i>(<i>Peponapis</i>) <i>pruinosa</i>, Hymenoptera: Apidae). They are ground nesting, specialist bees that depend on cultivated varieties of <i>Cucurbita </i>(squash, pumpkins, gourds). The intimate relationship between squash bees and their host plants suggests that they are likely sensitive to farm management practices, particularly those that disturb the soil. In this study, citizen scientists across Michigan used a smartphone application to submit field management and bee observation data. Survey results indicated that squash bees occupy a wide geographic range and are more abundant in farms with reduced soil disturbance. Citizen science provided a cheap, effective method for examining impacts of farm management practices on squash bees and could be a valuable tool for monitoring and conserving other native pollinators. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Disentangling direct and indirect effects of habitat fragmentation on wild plants' pollinator visits and seed production
<p>Habitat fragmentation threatens plant and pollinator communities, as well as their interactions. However, the effects of landscape fragmentation on the pollination of wild plant species are not well-understood yet, partly because in fragmented landscapes there are many correlated features (e.g. decreased patch size, increased isolation and patch complexity) whose influences are difficult to disentangle. Using a SEM approach, we assessed the direct and indirect effects of landscape fragmentation (patch size, isolation and complexity, percentage of surrounding forest) on the abundance, functional-group richness and evenness of pollinators of 24 habitat fragments within an agricultural landscape in Southern Norway. In addition, we studied how these variables affected visitation rates (visits/flower) and seed production (seed set, seed weight) in the four most abundant plant species in the area. Flower abundance was higher in larger and complex patches and decreased with the percentage of forest in the surroundings, while flower richness increased with patch complexity. We found a direct negative relationship between patch complexity and the overall number of pollinator visits that the habitat fragments received. Apart from this direct landscape effect, pollinator visits were mostly affected by the floral communities, with overall flower abundance and richness increasing both total number of pollinator visits and pollinator-group richness, and flower richness having an additional negative influence on pollinator-group evenness. Interestingly, we did not find any direct link between visitation rates and reproductive success for any of the study plant species. Instead, several landscape variables directly affected species seed production, although the effects of landscape on seed production were highly species-specific. Patch complexity, had a negative effect on seed production in two of the four focal species, while other components of the landscape had species-specific effects. Increasing fragmentation of agricultural landscapes affects pollination interactions at the community level and the reproduction of wild plants. However, understanding the effects of fragmentation on seed production requires going beyond estimating visitation rates, since landscape effects on plant reproduction are not always related to overall interaction frequencies.</p>
Pesticide risk during commercial apple pollination is greater for honeybees than other managed and wild bees
<p>Data and code relating to the manuscript “Pesticide risk during commercial apple pollination is greater for honeybees than other managed and wild bees”</p> <p>Files are organized as follows</p> <p><strong>input</strong> - contains the main data files.</p> <ul> <li> <p>all_pesticide2019.csv – contains the pesticide residue data for all samples</p> </li> <li> <p>LD50.csv – contains pesticide LD50s in PPB</p> </li> <li> <p>ld50_per_bee.csv – contains pesticide LD50s in ug / honeybee</p> </li> <li> <p>nesting_type.csv – lists nesting types of the different bee samples</p> </li> <li> <p>pesticide_type.csv – lists pesticides by their type</p> </li> <li> <p>short_name.csv – lists short bee names</p> <p><strong>folder “gis”</strong></p> <ul> <li>hive_distance_matrix.csv – distances from each orchard to other sites</li> <li>sitelocation.csv – contains coordinates of sites</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>code</strong> - contains the scripts to analyze the input files</p> <ul> <li>pesticide_analysis.R – is the main anaylsis for the paper</li> <li>unadjusted_pesticide_analysis.R – is a copy of most of the code above but without LD50 weight adjustements</li> </ul> <p><strong>ld50 adjust</strong> - contains the inputs and code for the ld50 adjustments I ran</p> <ul> <li>ld50_adjust.R – is the code to calculate our the adjustements</li> <li>2020_BeeTox_database_acute_contact_publication_final_R1.csv – is the data file taken from pamminger publication</li> </ul>
Data for: Spontaneous choices for insect-pollinated flower shapes by wild non-eusocial halictid bees
<p>The majority of angiosperms require animal pollination for reproduction and insects are the dominant group of animal pollinators. Bees are considered one of the most important and abundant insect pollinators. Research into bee behaviour and foraging decisions has typically centred on managed eusocial bee species, <i>Apis mellifera</i> and <i>Bombus terrestris</i>. Non-eusocial bees are understudied with respect to foraging strategies and decision-making, such as flower preferences. Understanding whether there are fundamental foraging strategies and preferences which are features of insect groups can provide key insights into the evolution of flower-pollinator co-evolution. In the current study, <i>Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) lanarium</i> and <i>L. </i>(<i>Parasphecodes</i>) sp., two native Australian generalist halictid bees, were tested for flower shape preferences between native insect-pollinated and bird-pollinated flowers. Each bee was presented with achromatic images of either insect-pollinated or bird-pollinated flowers in a circular arena. Both native bee species<b> </b>demonstrated a significant preference for images of insect-pollinated flowers. These preferences are similar to those found in <i>A. mellifera</i>, suggesting that flower shape preference may be a deep-rooted evolutionary occurrence within bees. With growing interest in the sensory capabilities of non-eusocial bees as alternative pollinators, the current study also provides a valuable framework for further behavioural testing of such species.</p>
Data for: Spontaneous choices for insect-pollinated flower shapes by wild non-eusocial halictid bees
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Data from: Attracting mutualists and antagonists: plant trait variation explains the distribution of specialist floral herbivores and pollinators on crops and wild gourds
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Citizen science improves our understanding of the impact of soil management on wild pollinator abundance in agroecosystems
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Data from: Pollination by wild bees yields larger strawberries than pollination by honey bees
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Plant evolution can mediate negative effects from honey bees on wild pollinators
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Data for: Effects of short-term managed honey bee deployment in a native ecosystem on wild bee foraging and plant-pollinator networks
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Data from: Dissecting pollinator responses to a ubiquitous ultraviolet floral pattern in the wild
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Disentangling direct and indirect effects of habitat fragmentation on wild plants' pollinator visits and seed production
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Data from: A critical analysis of the potential for EU Common Agricultural Policy measures to support wild pollinators on farmland
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Impacts of beekeeping on wild bee diversity and pollination networks in the Aegean Archipelago
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Are native and non-native pollinator friendly plants equally valuable for native wild bee communities?
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Data from: In situ modeling of multimodal floral cues attracting wild pollinators across environments
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Flowering plant communities mediate the effects of habitat composition and configuration on wild pollinator communities
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Data from: Species richness of wild bees, but not the use of managed honey bees, increases fruit set of a pollinator-dependent crop
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Data from: Effect of expanded variation in anther position on pollinator visitation to wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum
Background and Aims: Plant-pollinator interactions shape the evolution of flowers. Floral attraction and reward traits have often been shown to affect pollinator behavior, but the possible effect of efficiency traits on visitation behavior has rarely been addressed. Here we tested for the effect of anther position, usually considered a trait that influences efficiency of pollen deposition on pollinators, on pollinator visitation rates and visit duration in flowers of wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum. Methods: We used artificial selection lines from two experiments that expanded the naturally-occurring phenotypic variation in anther position. In one experiment, plant lines were selected to either increase or decrease anther exsertion. The other experiment decreased anther dimorphism, which resulted in increased short stamen exsertion. We hypothesized that increased exsertion will increase visitation of pollen foragers due to increased visual attraction. We also hypothesized that exsertion of anthers above the corolla would interfere with nectar foragers and increase time of visit per flower. Key Results: In the exsertion selection experiment, increased exsertion of both short and long stamens resulted in an increased number of fly visits per plant, and in the dimorphism experiment bee visits increased with increased short stamen exsertion. Duration of nectar feeders declined significantly with increasing long stamen exsertion, as opposed to the hypothesis. Conclusions and synthesis: Until now, anther position was considered an efficiency trait to enhance pollen uptake and deposition. We show that anther position in wild radish has an ecological significance also in attracting pollen foragers. This study suggests an additional adaptive role for anther position beyond efficiency, and highlights the multiple ecological functions of floral traits in plant-pollinator interactions.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.