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Figure 32 in Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)
Figure 32. Urupelma awanqay sp. n., spermathecae with two separated seminal receptacles. A. Immature female (MUSM-ENT 514037) from Peru, Apurímac, Abancay, ventral view. B. Mature female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0511169) from Peru, Apurímac, Abancay, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.
Figure 43 in Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)
Figure 43. Urupelma megantonianum sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0510523) from Peru, Cusco, Echarate, 410 m a.s.l. A. Left palpal tibia, retrolateral view. B. Left tibia I, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.
Figure 36 in Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)
Figure 36. Urupelma ashaninka sp. n., female (MUSM-ENT 0513573) from Peru, Junín, Puerto Ocopa, 387 m a.s.l., habitus, dorsal view. Photo by R. Kaderka.
Figure 52 in Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)
Figure 52. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n., female spermathecae with two seminal receptacles, terminating with rounded lobes. A. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513030) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 9.15). B. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513030) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 9.79). C. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 7.86). D. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 9.00). E–F. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 12.06). E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. G. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513028) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 8.59). H. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from specimen in alcohol, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.
Figure 47 in Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)
Figure 47. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513029) from Peru, Cusco, La Convención, Echarati, 1075 m a.s.l. A. Palpal tibia, retrolateral view. Arrow shows short spiniform setae. B. Tibia I, ventrally-prolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.
Figure 40 in Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)
Figure 40. Urupelma atarraz sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508428) from Peru, Pasco, Villa Rica, Quebrada Atarraz, 1598 m a.s.l. A. Left tibia I, prolaterally ventral view. B. Left palpal tibia, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.
Subspecies and Distribution. I. a. albicauda Cuvier, 1829 — Senegal to E Sudan, Eritrea, and N Somalia; also Arabian Peninsula. I. a. dialeucos Hollister, 1916 — N Kenya, S Somalia, and S Ethiopia. I. a. grandis Thomas, 1890 — S Angola, Zambia, S Tanzania to South Africa. I. a. ibeana Thomas, 1904 — DR Congo to C Kenya. I. a. loandae Thomas, 1904 — N Angola and S DR Congo. I. a. loempo Temminck, 1853 — W Africa (Guinea). in Herpestidae
Subspecies and Distribution. I. a. albicauda Cuvier, 1829 — Senegal to E Sudan, Eritrea, and N Somalia; also Arabian Peninsula. I. a. dialeucos Hollister, 1916 — N Kenya, S Somalia, and S Ethiopia. I. a. grandis Thomas, 1890 — S Angola, Zambia, S Tanzania to South Africa. I. a. ibeana Thomas, 1904 — DR Congo to C Kenya. I. a. loandae Thomas, 1904 — N Angola and S DR Congo. I. a. loempo Temminck, 1853 — W Africa (Guinea).
Subspecies and Distribution. N. v. vison Schreber, 1776 — E Canada and NE USA (Allegheny Mts). N. v. aestuarina Grinnell, 1916 — SW USA (California & W Nevada). N. v. aniakensis Burns, 1964 — W Alaska. N. v. energumenos Bangs, 1896 — W Canada and NW USA. N. v. evagor Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I). N. v. evergladensis Hamilton, 1948 — SE USA (SW Florida). N. v. ingens Osgood, 1900 — most of Alaska and NW Canada (N Mackenzie & Yukon). N. v. lacustris Preble, 1902 — C Canada (Keewatin Region, Manitoba & Ontario). N. v. letifera Hollister, 1913 — Great Plains of USA. N. v. low Anderson, 1945 — E Canada (Labrador & Quebec). N. v. lutensis Bangs, 1898 — USA (S Carolina to Florida). N. v. melampeplus Elliot, 1903 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). N. v. mink Peale & Palisot de Beauvois, 1796 — SE USA. N. v. nesolestes Heller, 1909 — SW Alaska. N. v. vulgivaga Bangs, 1895 — USA (Arkansas & Louisiana). Introduced to Belarus, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britian, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan (Hokkaido), Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, and Sweden. in Mustelidae
Subspecies and Distribution. N. v. vison Schreber, 1776 — E Canada and NE USA (Allegheny Mts). N. v. aestuarina Grinnell, 1916 — SW USA (California & W Nevada). N. v. aniakensis Burns, 1964 — W Alaska. N. v. energumenos Bangs, 1896 — W Canada and NW USA. N. v. evagor Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I). N. v. evergladensis Hamilton, 1948 — SE USA (SW Florida). N. v. ingens Osgood, 1900 — most of Alaska and NW Canada (N Mackenzie & Yukon). N. v. lacustris Preble, 1902 — C Canada (Keewatin Region, Manitoba & Ontario). N. v. letifera Hollister, 1913 — Great Plains of USA. N. v. low Anderson, 1945 — E Canada (Labrador & Quebec). N. v. lutensis Bangs, 1898 — USA (S Carolina to Florida). N. v. melampeplus Elliot, 1903 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). N. v. mink Peale & Palisot de Beauvois, 1796 — SE USA. N. v. nesolestes Heller, 1909 — SW Alaska. N. v. vulgivaga Bangs, 1895 — USA (Arkansas & Louisiana). Introduced to Belarus, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britian, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan (Hokkaido), Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, and Sweden.
Subspecies and Distribution. M. f. flavigula Boddaert, 1785 — Bangladesh, Bhutan, C, E & S China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. M. f. borealis Radde, 1862 — NE China, North and South Korea, and Russia. M. f. chrysospila Swinhoe, 1866 — Taiwan. M. f. indochinensis Kloss, 1916 — Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. M. f. perunsularis Bonhote, 1901 — Borneo, Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. M. f. robinsoni Pocock, 1936 — Java. in Mustelidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M. f. flavigula Boddaert, 1785 — Bangladesh, Bhutan, C, E & S China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. M. f. borealis Radde, 1862 — NE China, North and South Korea, and Russia. M. f. chrysospila Swinhoe, 1866 — Taiwan. M. f. indochinensis Kloss, 1916 — Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. M. f. perunsularis Bonhote, 1901 — Borneo, Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. M. f. robinsoni Pocock, 1936 — Java.
Evolution and phylogeny of the deep-sea isopod families Desmosomatidae Sars, 1897 and Nannoniscidae Hansen, 1916 (Isopoda: Asellota)
<p>In the deep sea, the phylogeny and biogeography of only a few taxa have been well studied. Although more than 200 species in 32 genera have been described for the asellote isopod families Desmosomatidae Sars, 1897 and Nannoniscidae Hansen, 1916 from all ocean basins, their phylogenetic relationships are not completely understood. There is little doubt about the close relationship of these families, but the taxonomic position of a number of genera is so far unknown. Based on a combined morphological phylogeny using the Hennigian method with a dataset of 107 described species and a molecular phylogeny based on three markers (COI, 16S, and 18S) with 75 species (most new to science), we could separate Desmosomatidae and Nannoniscidae as separate families. However, we could not support the concept of the subfamilies Eugerdellatinae Hessler, 1970 and Desmosomatinae Hessler, 1970. Most genera of both families were well supported, but several genera appear as para- or even polyphyletic. Within both families, convergent evolution and analogies caused difficulty in defining apomorphies for phylogenetic reconstructions and this is reflected in the results of the concatenated molecular tree. There is no biogeographic pattern in the distribution as the genera occur over the entire Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, showing no specific phylogeographical pattern. Poor resolution at deep desmosomatid nodes may reflect the long evolutionary history of the family and rapid evolutionary radiations.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. T.n.napuF.Cuvier,1822—SMyanmar,Thai/MalayPeninsula,islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(Langkawi&Pangkor),Borneo,SSumatra,BangkaI,islandsoffBorneo(Laut&Serasan). T.n.bangue:Chasen&Kloss,1931—BanggiIandBalembanganI,offNBorneo. T.n.bunguranensisMiller,1901—NatunaIs(=Bunguran),oftWBorneo. T.n.neubronneriSody,1931—NSumatra. T.n.nmiasisLyon,1916—NiasI,offWSumatra. T.n.rufulusMiller,1900—TiomanI,offEMalayPeninsula,RiauandLinggaArchipelagos. T. n. terutus Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Terutau I, off W Malay Peninsula. The species was recently reconfirmed for Singapore. Maps that include Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the distribution range are based on the earlier assumption that 7. versicolor was a subspecies of 1. napu. Subsequent studies have indicated that 7. versicolor is a distinct species, and that the range of 1. napu therefore does not extend into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The northern limit on the Thai-Malay peninsula is not well defined. Specimens of 1. napu have been collected from as far north as Bankachon in southern Myanmar (10° 08" N), but despite fairly intensive camera-trapping in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand (12° N), 7. napu has not been photographed there. At the northern margin ofits range, it is generally rare. It has been reported, for example, that during the flooding of the Chiew Larn Reservoir (Surat Thani Province; about 9° N, 98° 45' E), only six 7. napu were rescued compared with 172 71. kanchil. This area is the transition zone from wetter evergreen forest to drier deciduous types, and it might be that 7° napu is not well adapted to the drier forest types towards the northern limit ofits range. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Java, where it may have been confused with one of the two color morphs of 7. javanicus. As explained in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of several islands remains unclear. in Tragulidae
Subspecies and Distribution. T.n.napuF.Cuvier,1822—SMyanmar,Thai/MalayPeninsula,islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(Langkawi&Pangkor),Borneo,SSumatra,BangkaI,islandsoffBorneo(Laut&Serasan). T.n.bangue:Chasen&Kloss,1931—BanggiIandBalembanganI,offNBorneo. T.n.bunguranensisMiller,1901—NatunaIs(=Bunguran),oftWBorneo. T.n.neubronneriSody,1931—NSumatra. T.n.nmiasisLyon,1916—NiasI,offWSumatra. T.n.rufulusMiller,1900—TiomanI,offEMalayPeninsula,RiauandLinggaArchipelagos. T. n. terutus Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Terutau I, off W Malay Peninsula. The species was recently reconfirmed for Singapore. Maps that include Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the distribution range are based on the earlier assumption that 7. versicolor was a subspecies of 1. napu. Subsequent studies have indicated that 7. versicolor is a distinct species, and that the range of 1. napu therefore does not extend into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The northern limit on the Thai-Malay peninsula is not well defined. Specimens of 1. napu have been collected from as far north as Bankachon in southern Myanmar (10° 08" N), but despite fairly intensive camera-trapping in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand (12° N), 7. napu has not been photographed there. At the northern margin ofits range, it is generally rare. It has been reported, for example, that during the flooding of the Chiew Larn Reservoir (Surat Thani Province; about 9° N, 98° 45' E), only six 7. napu were rescued compared with 172 71. kanchil. This area is the transition zone from wetter evergreen forest to drier deciduous types, and it might be that 7° napu is not well adapted to the drier forest types towards the northern limit ofits range. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Java, where it may have been confused with one of the two color morphs of 7. javanicus. As explained in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of several islands remains unclear.
Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.spasmaLinnaeus,1758—TernateandHalmaheraIs(NMoluccas). M.s.abditumChasen,1940—AurI,offEPeninsularMalaysia. M.s.cartmataeG.S.Miller,1906—KarimataI,offWBorneo. M.s.celebenseShamel,1940—Sulawesi. M.s.ceylonenseK.Andersen,1918—SriLanka. M.s.horsfieldiBlyth,1863—peninsularIndia. M.s.kinabaluChasen,1940—MtKinabaluinNBorneo. M.s.lasiaeLyon,1916—LasiaandBabiIs,offWSumatra. M.s.majusK.Andersen,1918—mostofMyanmar,NEIndia,andBangladesh. M.s.mediumK.Andersen,1918—MalayPeninsula(includingTarutaoI)andNSumatra. M.s.minusK.Andersen,1918—SChina(Yunnan),Thailand,Laos,Vietham,andCambodia. M.s.natunaeK.Andersen&Wroughton,1907—BunguranandNorthNatunaIs. M.s.niasenseLyon,1916—NiasandSiberutIs,oftWSumatra. M.s.pangandaranaSody,1936—C&EJava. M.s.philippinenseWaterhouse,1843—Philippines. M.s.stumatisLyon,1916—SiumatI,offWSumatra. M. s. tnfolium E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 — S Sumatra, W Java, and Borneo; also on South Natuna, Tambelan, Krakatau, and Kangean Is. Also recorded on Andaman Is, but subspecies involved not known. in Megadermatidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.spasmaLinnaeus,1758—TernateandHalmaheraIs(NMoluccas). M.s.abditumChasen,1940—AurI,offEPeninsularMalaysia. M.s.cartmataeG.S.Miller,1906—KarimataI,offWBorneo. M.s.celebenseShamel,1940—Sulawesi. M.s.ceylonenseK.Andersen,1918—SriLanka. M.s.horsfieldiBlyth,1863—peninsularIndia. M.s.kinabaluChasen,1940—MtKinabaluinNBorneo. M.s.lasiaeLyon,1916—LasiaandBabiIs,offWSumatra. M.s.majusK.Andersen,1918—mostofMyanmar,NEIndia,andBangladesh. M.s.mediumK.Andersen,1918—MalayPeninsula(includingTarutaoI)andNSumatra. M.s.minusK.Andersen,1918—SChina(Yunnan),Thailand,Laos,Vietham,andCambodia. M.s.natunaeK.Andersen&Wroughton,1907—BunguranandNorthNatunaIs. M.s.niasenseLyon,1916—NiasandSiberutIs,oftWSumatra. M.s.pangandaranaSody,1936—C&EJava. M.s.philippinenseWaterhouse,1843—Philippines. M.s.stumatisLyon,1916—SiumatI,offWSumatra. M. s. tnfolium E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 — S Sumatra, W Java, and Borneo; also on South Natuna, Tambelan, Krakatau, and Kangean Is. Also recorded on Andaman Is, but subspecies involved not known.
FIGS 44–46 in Taxonomic changes and review of the genera Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiinae)
FIGS 44–46. Genitalia structures of Macrotarsipodes. 44–45. M. tricinctus. (44) ♀, South Africa, Natal, Durban. (45) ♂, South Africa, Eastern Cape, East London. 46. M. pedunculata ♂, Nigeria, Ile-Ife. (a) left lateral, right ventral. (b) phallus (twice size as other Figs). Scales 1 mm.
FIGS 32–43 in Taxonomic changes and review of the genera Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiinae)
FIGS 32–43. Specimens of Macrotarsipodes. 32–33. M. leptosceles (Bradley, 1968). (32) holotype ♂. (33) paratype ♀. 34–36. M. pedunculata (Hampson, 1910) comb. nov., (34) holotype ♂. (35–36) ♂ Ghana, Gyawale, Kakum. 37–38. M. sexualis (Hampson, 1910) comb. nov. (37) lectotype ♂. (38) paralectotype ♀. 39–43. M. tricinctus Le Cerf, 1916 comb. rev. (39–40) ♂ South Africa, East London. (41) holotype ♂. (42–43) ♀ South Africa, Natal, Durban. Scale 10 mm.
FIGS 3–14 in Taxonomic changes and review of the genera Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiinae)
FIGS 3–14. Type specimens of Tipulamima. 3–5. T. flavifrons Holland, 1893. (3–4) holotype ♀. (5) ♀ Uganda, Kawanda. 6–8. T. haugi (Le Cerf, 1917). (6–7) paralectotype ♂. (8) lectotype ♀. 9–14. T. pterotarsa (Meyrick, 1933). (9–10) holotype ♀. (11, 14) ♂ Cameroon, SW slope of Mount Cameroon. (12–13) ♀ Ghana, Central Region, Abrafo village. Scale 10 mm.
FIGS 1–2 in Taxonomic changes and review of the genera Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiinae)
FIGS 1–2. Female of Tipulamima pterotarsa (1) resting. (2) egg laying on Clerodendrum paniculatum (arrows).
FIGS 27–28 in Taxonomic changes and review of the genera Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiinae)
FIGS 27–28. Genitalia structures of Tipulamima pterotarsa (27a) ♂, Ghana? (27b) ♂, abdominal segment eighth. (28a) ♀, Nigeria, Osun, Ile-Ife. Scale 1 mm. (28b) corpus bursae. Scale 0.5 mm.
FIGS 15–26 in Taxonomic changes and review of the genera Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiinae)
FIGS 15–26. Specimens of Tipulamima. 15. T. flammipes (Hampson, 1910), lectotype ♂. 16–17. T. pyrosoma Hampson, 1919, holotype ♀. 18–20. Tipulamima hesperia sp. nov. 18–19. ♂ Guinea, Nimba Mts. (20) ♂ Ghana, Kumasi. 21–23. T. grandidieri (Le Cerf, 1917). (21) holotype ♂. 22–23. ♂ Madagascar Est, Moramanga, Andasibe. 24–26. T. seyrigi Viette, 1955. (24–25) holotype ♀. (26) ♀ Madagascar, Sambirano. Scale 10 mm.
FIGS 29–31 in Taxonomic changes and review of the genera Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiinae)
FIGS 29–31. Genitalia structures of Tipulamima. 29. T. flammipes (Hampson, 1910), lectotype ♂. 30. T. grandidieri (Le Cerf, 1917), ♂, Madagaskar, Tolongoina, Mandriandry (left valva removed). 31. T. hesperia sp. nov., holotype ♂, Guinea, Nimba Mts. Scale 1 mm.
text FIG.2 in Taxonomic changes and review of the genera Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiinae)
text FIG.2. Phylogenetic analysis (MrBayes using RAxML usertree) of Macrotarsipodes (based on COI barcode sequences, 10 million generations, values are posterior probabilities). Sister groups Macrotarsipus Hampson, [1893], Lepidopoda dasysceles (Bradley, 1968) and two indeterminate Synanthedonini from Cameroon and Tanzania.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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