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Fig. 2 in Bivalves from Cretaceous cold-seep deposits on Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 2. Solemyid bivalves from Cretaceous cold seep deposits on Hokkaido, Japan. A, B. Acharax mikasaensis sp. nov., from the Albian Ponbetsu site in Mikasa City. A. Paratype (UMUT MM 29523) showing external sculpture, dorsal (A1) and lateral (A2) views. B. Holotype (UMUT MM 29524) showing features of the shell interior; arrow in B1 indicates posterior adductor muscle scar, B2 shows a dorsal view, white arrow in B3 indicates the anterior adductor muscle scar, black arrow indicates the narrow band that ascends from its posteroventral margin. C–E. Acharax cretacea Kanie and Nishida, 2000, from the Campanian Yasukawa site. C. Right valve of a slightly deformed, medium−sized specimen (UMUT MM 29525), length 34 mm. D. Small specimen (UMUT MM 29526) (length 8 mm) showing the rounded posterior shell margin, dorsal (D1) and lateral (D2) views. E. Cross section of shell showing the prismatic microstructure.

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Fig. 1. Maps showing the fossiliferous seep deposits. A. The Albian Ponbetsu site. B. The Campanian Yasukawa and Omagari sites. C. The Cenomanian Kanajirisawa site. D in Bivalves from Cretaceous cold-seep deposits on Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 1. Maps showing the fossiliferous seep deposits. A. The Albian Ponbetsu site. B. The Campanian Yasukawa and Omagari sites. C. The Cenomanian Kanajirisawa site. D. Overview.

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Fig. 7 in Early ontogeny of Jurassic bakevelliids and their bearing on bivalve evolution

Fig. 7. Phylogeny hypothesis for the Pteriomorphia based on a combined analysis of genetic and morphological characters (after Giribet and Wheeler 2002: fig. 8; modified). The assumed position of larval key characters and of some fossil taxa are shown. Character states in brackets are based on indirect evidence from other character states, or, in the case of Pterineidae and Ambonychioidea, based on phylogeny hypotheses of Carter (1990). Character state L'4 of the Limopsoidea is suggested by observations of Malchus and Linse (unpublished).

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Fig. 5. A–E. Morphotype 9. A. P2−LV in Early ontogeny of Jurassic bakevelliids and their bearing on bivalve evolution

Fig. 5. A–E. Morphotype 9. A. P2−LV, arrows indicate pd−outlet, BGR X10868−7; A1, entire valve, × 175; A2, close up of dorsal−posterior segment with pd−outlet, × 500; A3, close up of the two rows of gear wheel type, secondary denticles, typical of the LV, × 1250. B. P2, external; note that the valve was mounted before the significance of the pd−outlet was known; left or right cannot be established, therefore, BGR X10865−7, × 175. C. P2−RV, arrows indicate pd−outlet, BGR X10868−1; C1, entire valve, × 175; C2, close up of "gothic window frame" secondary denticles, × 1250. D. Articulated P2 valves viewed from back, left and right cannot be distinguished, BGR X10868−5, × 175. E. P2−RV, arrow indicates pd−outlet, BGR X10865−5; E1, close up of posterior valve margin, × 500; E2, entire valve from back, × 175. F. Pinnid (?Atrina sp.), recent, Mediterranean, P2−RV, BGR X10848−8; F1, close up of posterior valve margin, note interruption (black arrows) of interlocking margin type, × 400; F2, entire valve, arrow shows postion of pd−outlet, × 100; F3, close up of hinge, arrow indicates detached position of resilium, growing anteriorly, × 400.

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Fig. 2. Morphotype 3. A. P2 in Early ontogeny of Jurassic bakevelliids and their bearing on bivalve evolution

Fig. 2. Morphotype 3. A. P2−RV, arrow indicates slight shell deflection in postero−dorsal margin, which corresponds to growth track of pd−outlet, BGR X10864−3, × 100. B, G. P2−RV, BGR X10864−5. B. Arrow indicates position of pd−outlet, × 100. G. Close up of posterior−dorsal shell margin with outlet, × 500. C. P2, articulated shell, RV on top, dorsal view, note equivalve condition, BGR X10861−3, × 100. D. P2−RV, BGR X10861−8, × 100. E. P2−LV, BGR X10849−8; E1, arrow indicates growth track and position of pd−outlet, × 100; E2, dorsal view, × 100; E3, close up of hinge area, arrow indicates leading edge of ligament, × 250. F. LV nepioconch with P2, BGR X10860−1. F1, dorsal view, position of ligament pits indicated (1−3), × 40; F2, ventral view of ligament area, 1st ligament pit broken, × 40; F, close up of P2, × 100. G. RV nepioconch with P2, BGR X10862−2. G, ventral view, × 40; G, dorsal view onto P2, × 40.

Fig. 5 in The halobiid bivalve genus Enteropleura and a new species from the Middle Anisian of Guangxi, southern China

Fig. 5. Prodissoconch and juvenile shell morphology of the halobiid bivalve Enteropleura walleri sp. nov. from Unit D of the Lower Member of the Banna Formation (late Middle Anisian, Middle Triassic), Jinya, Fengshan District, northwestern Guangxi, southwestern China. A. External mould, open−articulated specimen (left valve below, right valve above), with clearly discernible indications of the internal posterior radial ridges, paratype, NIGP 140183; A1, dorsal valve parts, arrows point to the margins of the prodissoconchs. B. External mould, left valve, paratype, NIGP 140184. C. External mould, right valve, paratype, NIGP 140185. D. External mould, left valve, with clearly discernible indications of the internal posterior radial ridges, paratype, NIGP 140186; D2, dorsal valve part, arrow points to the margin of the prodissoconch.

Fig. 3 in The halobiid bivalve genus Enteropleura and a new species from the Middle Anisian of Guangxi, southern China

Fig. 3. Columnar stratigraphical and lithological section of the Middle Triassic in the Fengshan District, Guangxi, and the occurrences of bivalves, especially showing the Early and Middle Anisian Lower Member of the Banna Formation (Fm., Formation; Mb., Member); taxonomic identifications of the bivalves in the Upper Anisian and Ladinian by Chen et al. (1992).

Fig. 2 in The halobiid bivalve genus Enteropleura and a new species from the Middle Anisian of Guangxi, southern China

Fig. 2. Stratigraphical subdivision and correlation of the Middle Triassic in northwestern Guangxi and southwestern Guizhou, southwestern China (Fm., Formation; Mb., Member) (not to scale with regard to unit thicknesses).

Fig. 1 in The halobiid bivalve genus Enteropleura and a new species from the Middle Anisian of Guangxi, southern China

Fig. 1. Location of the fossil site near Jinya in Fengshan District, northwestern Guangxi, southwestern China. A. General map of China with the area of map B marked. B. Map of northwestern Guangxi and southwestern Guizhou with location of the fossil site and reconstructed Anisian (Middle Triassic) palaeogeography (palaeogeographical reconstruction after Chen and Komatsu 2002).

Fig. 6 in The halobiid bivalve genus Enteropleura and a new species from the Middle Anisian of Guangxi, southern China

Fig. 6. Halobiid bivalve Enteropleura guembeli (Mojsisovics, 1874) from the lower part of the Xinyuan Formation (late Middle Anisian, Middle Triassic), Mobo, Xinyuan, Ziyun District, southwestern Guizhou, southwestern China. Right valve, NIGP 15959; reproduction of Chen et al. (1974: pl. 175: 22).

Fig. 1 in Centrichnus eccentricus revisited: A new view on anomiid bivalve bioerosion

Fig. 1. Holotype (MGUH 19742) of Centrichnus eccentricus Bromley and Martinell, 1991, anomiid bivalve attachment trace, from Pleistocene deposits off Palamós, NE Iberian Peninsula, Spain. A. Valve of Arctica islandica bearing the holotype. B. Detail of the holotype; white arrows indicate grooves not included in the original diagnosis, black arrow indicates the main imprint of the byssus.

Fig. 4 in Centrichnus eccentricus revisited: A new view on anomiid bivalve bioerosion

Fig. 4. Statistics and biometry of anomiid bivalve attachment trace C. eccentricus. All records (A), complete traces on belemnites (B–F) from the Lower Maastrichtian, Jasmund (Rügen, Germany). A. Substrate types utilised for attachment. B. Box plot of biometric measurements. C. Size frequency distribution of trace length. D. Number of traces per belemnite. E. Site selectivity on belemnite. F. Trace orientation on belemnite.

Fig. 3 in Centrichnus eccentricus revisited: A new view on anomiid bivalve bioerosion

Fig. 3. Belemnite (MB.W3074) from Lower Maastrichtian, Jasmund (Rügen, Germany), exhibiting dendrinid boring traces with superimposed Centrichnus eccentricus Bromley and Martinell, 1991 anomiid bivalve attachment trace. In the uncoated belemnite, only the dendrinid boring traces are visible (A, colour contrast), with ammonium chloride coating, the C. eccentricus trace is clearly visible (B, relief contrast).

Fig. 2. Sketches illustrating anomiid and trace morphology. A in Centrichnus eccentricus revisited: A new view on anomiid bivalve bioerosion

Fig. 2. Sketches illustrating anomiid and trace morphology. A. Shell exterior of left valve. B. Shell interior of right valve. C. Morphological features and measured dimensions of Centrichnus eccentricus. D. Schematic cross section of a living anomiid attached to the substrate illustrating the position of etching traces (modified after Yamaguchi 1998).

Fig. 7 in Centrichnus eccentricus revisited: A new view on anomiid bivalve bioerosion

Fig. 7. SEM images illustrating details of Centrichnus eccentricus Bromley and Martinell, 1991, anomiid bivalve attachment trace on a belemnite from the Lower Maastrichtian, Jasmund, Rügen, Germany (MB.W3084). A. Complete morphology overview. B. Byssal attachment trace with preserved remains of calcified byssus. Close-up of calcified byssus (C), byssus attachment grooves (D), pits forming the anterior margin (E), posterior marginal groove (F).

Fig. 9 in Ecophenotypic plasticity versus evolutionary trends-morphological variability in Upper Jurassic bivalve shells from Portugal

Fig. 9. Scatter plot of resilifer number over ligament length in Isognomon. The two groups that correspond to lithostratigraphy are clearly visible. Numbers in squared brackets refer to Fig. 2.

Fig. 8 in Ecophenotypic plasticity versus evolutionary trends-morphological variability in Upper Jurassic bivalve shells from Portugal

Fig. 8. Box plots of size for the three target taxa. A. Size of Arcomytilus based on log transformed geometric means of length and height. B. Size of Isognomon based on log transformed ligament length. C. Size of Eomiodon based on log transformed shell length. Arrangement of boxes corresponding more or less to their stratigraphic succession, from left to right. Numbers in squared brackets refer to Fig. 2.

Fig. 12 in Ecophenotypic plasticity versus evolutionary trends-morphological variability in Upper Jurassic bivalve shells from Portugal

Fig. 12. PCA plot of shell shape in Arcomytilus, grouped according to rib number in steps of 25 ribs and displayed as convex hulls.

Fig. 7 in Ecophenotypic plasticity versus evolutionary trends-morphological variability in Upper Jurassic bivalve shells from Portugal

Fig. 7. Scatter plots of log transformed values of height over length for the three target taxa. A. Arcomytilus. B. Isognomon. C. Eomiodon. Numbers in squared brackets refer to Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 in Ecophenotypic plasticity versus evolutionary trends-morphological variability in Upper Jurassic bivalve shells from Portugal

Fig. 6. Measured distances in the three target taxa. A. Arcomytilus. B. Isognomon. C. Eomiodon. Abbreviations: H, height; L, length; LL, ligament length. Arrow indicates turning point of growth.