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FIGURE 4 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic trees of Paraguayan samples of Tropidurus inferred from 16S (A), COI (B), 16S+COI (C), and PRLR (D) partial gene sequences. For each analysis we present maximum likelihood (ML, left) and Bayesian inference (BI, right) trees. Red dots indicate support values (basedon on SH-aLRT/UFBoot for ML and posterior probability for BI) equal or superior to 80 for ML and 0.85 for BI. Roots to outgroup Plica plica (AMCC-106953). Reference bar represents substitutions per site.

FIGURE 11 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 11. Distribution maps of Tropidurus catalanensis (A), T. etheridgei (B), T. spinulosus (C), and T. lagunablanca (D).

FIGURE 13 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 13. Differences in the color of females of T. lagunablanca (above, SMF 103315) and T. spinulosus (below, SMF 103322). Note the black stripes (the upper one behind the eye, and the lower beyond the ear opening) of T. lagunablanca, absent in T. spinulosus.

FIGURE 12 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 12. Diagram showing the theory of a ring species, where populations accumulate gradual changes along temporal and spatial scales (represented here by black arrows), originating different species.

FIGURE 7 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 7. Detailed view of the left hind claws of T. torquatus (A, SMF 100097) showing a paler color than observed in T. catalanensis (B, SMF 100093). This coloration is also present in the fore claws.

FIGURE 6 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 6. Graphic visualization of genetic distances among specimens of the Tropidurus spinulosus group (red dots). The width of the lines refer to the p-distance between specimens (reference at the upper right corner). At the bottom is presented the mean p-distance between species of the torquatus group (T. catalanensis and T. etheridgei) and the two bigger clades of the spinulosus group.

FIGURE 10 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 10. Asulcate (left) and sulcate (right) views of the left hemipenes of T. lagunablanca (SMF 103316). White bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic status of the black fly Prosimulium italicum Rivosecchi (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on genetic evidence

FIGURE 4. Chromosomes of Prosimulium italicum from Italy (Campania) A. IIS of female larva, showing fixed inversions IIS-3 and IIS-4 of P. italicum (also present in P. hirtipes) and breakpoints of autosomal polymorphism IIS-12 in P. hirtipes; C = centromere, RoB = ring of Balbiani. B. IIIL (except basal sections) of female larva, showing standard sequence. Breakpoints are indicated for autosomal polymorphisms IIIL-20, 21, 22, and 23 in P. hirtipes, and IIIL-24 in P. italicum; "s" = shield, "t" = triad. C. Centromere region (CI) of chromosome I, showing band differential (*) and associated unpairing in section 19'. C = centromere, N.O. = nucleolar organizer.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic status of the black fly Prosimulium italicum Rivosecchi (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on genetic evidence

FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 1,214 bp sequences of the COI and COII genes of P. hirtipes and P. italicum. Bootstrap values for ML, MP, and NJ analyses are shown above the branches.

FIGURE 3. Chromosome I in Taxonomic status of the black fly Prosimulium italicum Rivosecchi (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on genetic evidence

FIGURE 3. Chromosome I of Prosimulium italicum. A. Proximal sections 22–27 of IL of female larva (Italy, Campania), showing nucleolar organizer (N.O.), presence of heteroband IL 25hb (arrow) in heterozygous configuration. The distal breakpoint (arrow) is also shown for perinucleolar inversion IL-15 of P. hirtipes from Slovakia (Morava). B. IS (except sections 1–5) and base of IL with nucleolar organizer (N.O.) of male larva (Italy, Sicily), showing IS-8 sequence and Y-linked IS-25 (heterozygous) with heteroband IS 10hb (+). Breakpoints are indicated for X-linked IS-9 and IS-27 in P. italicum. Breakpoints are also indicated for X-linked IS-10, autosomal polymorphism IS-26, and IL-15 (proximal breakpoint, arrow) in P. hirtipes; IS-9 is fixed in P. hirtipes. C = centromere. C. End of IS of female larva (Italy, Campania), showing distal breakpoints of X- linked IS-9 and IS-10.

FIGURE 2. Median joining network genes showing 95 in Taxonomic status of the black fly Prosimulium italicum Rivosecchi (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on genetic evidence

FIGURE 2. Median joining network genes showing 95% probability linkages among 28 haplotypes of COI and COII genes obtained from 29 individuals of P. hirtipes and P. italicum. Mutational changes are represented by ticks across network connections. The area of each circle is proportional to the number of individuals sharing the haplotype.

opencc-zeroMay 2018View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Sakuragui CM, Calazans LSB, de Oliveira LL, de Morais EB, Benko-Iseppon AM, Vasconcelos S, Schrago CEG, Joseph Mayo SJ (2018) Recognition of the genus Thaumatophyllum Schott − formerly Philodendron subg. Meconostigma (Araceae) − based on molecular and morphological evidence. PhytoKeys 98: 51-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.98.25044

Taxon sampling, voucher information and GenBank : Explanation note: Taxon sampling, voucher information and GenBank accession numbers of Philodendron, Homalomena and outgroup species.

FIGURE 14 in The Rhyacophila fasciata Group in Western Europe: Confirmation of Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan 1879 (stat. prom.) and Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916 (stat. res.), based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)

FIGURE 14. Spatial distribution of Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan 1879 (14a), and R. sociata Navás 1916 in France (14b), and Spain (14c).

FIGURE 13 in The Rhyacophila fasciata Group in Western Europe: Confirmation of Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan 1879 (stat. prom.) and Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916 (stat. res.), based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)

FIGURE 13. Neighbor-joining tree of R. sociata (RSoc) (13a), R. denticulata (RDen) (13b) and R. fasciata (RFas) (13c), together with R. relicta (RRel) (13d) as outgroup, based on mitochondrial COI sequence data. Values of main branches are shown, data of specimens summarized in Table 1. RSoc1esp: Rhyacophila sociata specimens from Spain, RSoc1fra: Rhyacophila sociata specimens from France.

FIGURE 12. Segments VIII–XI in The Rhyacophila fasciata Group in Western Europe: Confirmation of Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan 1879 (stat. prom.) and Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916 (stat. res.), based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)

FIGURE 12. Segments VIII–XI of females of Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916, R. denticulata McLachlan 1879 and R. fasciata Hagen 1859. 12L left lateral; 12D dorsal; 12V ventral. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 10 in The Rhyacophila fasciata Group in Western Europe: Confirmation of Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan 1879 (stat. prom.) and Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916 (stat. res.), based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)

FIGURE 10. Comparison among the male genitalia of the three species: Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916, R. denticulata McLachlan 1879, and R. fasciata Hagen 1859. 10A, 2nd segments of right inferior appendages, left lateral; 10BL–10BD, parameres: 10BL, left parameres, left lateral; 10BV, pairs of parameres, ventral; 10BD, left parameres, dorsal. 10CL–10CV, aedeagi (phallicatae) and their ventral lobes: 10CL aedeagi only, lateral; 10CV, aedeagi and their ventral lobes, ventral. 10DD–10DV, apicodorsal lobes of segment IX, preanal appendages, and bodies of segment X: 10DD, apicodorsal lobes and preanal appendages, dorsal; 10DV, bodies of segment X, ventral.

FIGURE 8 in The Rhyacophila fasciata Group in Western Europe: Confirmation of Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan 1879 (stat. prom.) and Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916 (stat. res.), based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)

FIGURE 8. Larva of Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916, right legs. 8A: anterior views, 8P: posterior views. I–III: pro-, meso-, and metathoracic legs respectively.

FIGURES 1–7 in The Rhyacophila fasciata Group in Western Europe: Confirmation of Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan 1879 (stat. prom.) and Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916 (stat. res.), based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)

FIGURES 1–7. Larva of Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916. 1a–1d, head: 1a, dorsal; 1b, right parietalium, dorsal; 1c, left parietalium, left lateral; 1d, frontoclypeus, dorsal. 2D–2V, mandibles from last instar larval exuviae, left (l) and right (r): 2D, dorsal; 2V ventral. 3a–3b, mouth parts: 3a, ventral; 3b, labrum, dorsal. 4a–4b, prothorax: 4a, dorsal; 4b left hemisclerite, left lateral. 5, dorsal sclerite of abdominal segment IX. 6D–6V, anal prolegs: 6D, dorsal; 6V, ventral, with basoventral hooks (arrows). 7a–7c details of anal proleg sclerites: 7a, right anal claw, right lateral; 7b, detail of claw, right lateral; 7c detail of basilateral plate with sword process and basoventral hook (arrow), right lateral.

FIGURE 11 in The Rhyacophila fasciata Group in Western Europe: Confirmation of Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan 1879 (stat. prom.) and Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916 (stat. res.), based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)

FIGURE 11. Details of left parameres (left lateral view) of the males of Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916 (11a), R. denticulata McLachlan 1879 (11b) and R. fasciata Hagen 1859 (11c), observed in light microscopy. Scale bar: 200 µm.

FIGURE 15 in The Rhyacophila fasciata Group in Western Europe: Confirmation of Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan 1879 (stat. prom.) and Rhyacophila sociata Navás 1916 (stat. res.), based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)

FIGURE 15. Distribution of altitude in relation to longitude and latitude for Rhyacophila denticulata McLachlan 1879 (15a), and R. sociata Navás 1916 from France (15b), and Spain (15c).