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536 results for “Tyrannosaurus rex”
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, been Tcor calcu-;) has of mm bone (Methods bone which of. from Tnon circumference cavity for, marrow retrocalculated C;) mm ((radius LAGs bone of medullary of length, number, L MR,; fibula; LAGs, fib; preserved retroc femur; LAGs Tlag). 2, § fem in without see; counted tibia explanation, tib thickness be; could sections for cortical that; thin, LAGs incremental labelled Tnon of); v (of preserved number and.; study numbers, parabolic this LAGs LAGs in actual) catalogue with iv (; analysed; with thickness thickness penultimate rex, MOR cortical) cortical iii the (Tyrannosaurus; from, Tlag minus maximum are; of thickness radius) ii numbers (Specimens; total mean cortical =). i 1) (Specimen eroded: Table (total lation
FIGURE 2 in A digitally-rendered endocast for Tyrannosaurus rex
FIGURE 2. Digital endocast for FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Detail of left otic region in dorsolateral view. Image at right highlights region of endocast illustrated using both digital imagery (A) and a line drawing interpretation (B). Abbreviations: fr, mold of floccular recess;?mf, mold of metotic fissure, which is much more slender than on the right side, presumably because of dense sediment infilling; ssc, semicircular canal; tg, trigeminal ganglion; VII, tract for facial nerve; VIII.v, tract for vestibular branch of statoacoustic nerve;?VIII.a, possible tract for acoustic branch of statoacoustic nerve; may also be endolymphatic duct.
Figure 1 in Could Tyrannosaurus rex have been a scavenger rather than a predator? An energetics approach
Figure 1. The minimum energy density that the ecosystem must provide to allow energy balance of the scavenger as a function of the distance in metres at which carrion can be detected, calculated from equation (2.7). The abscissa is logarithmic to the base 10 so '1' represents 10 m, '2' 100 m, '3' 1 km and '4' 10 km.
FIGURE 4 in Maximum Bite Force and Prey Size of Tyrannosaurus rex and Their Relationships to the Inference of Feeding Behavior
FIGURE 4 Relationship between bite force and body mass in predatory amniotes. This relationship was analyzed in order to infer the likely maximum bite force of the theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex. Bite force data obtained from extant predatory crocodylians, chelonians, squamates, and mammals are plotted against their body masses (see Table I) and subjected to correlation and least squares regression analyses. The bite forces of these predators are strongly correlated with their body masses across clades (r = 0.939; r2 = 0.882) and bite force increases with significant positive allometry relative to body mass (see text). Extrapolation of the regression to the estimated body mass of T. rex makes it possible to estimate its bite force at 235,000 N. Allometric increase in bite force is required only if selection continues to favor feeding on absolutely larger prey. If T. rex was not a direct, active predator of adult ornithischian dinosaurs of comparable size, its bite force should be lower than that predicted at its large body size, based upon data from extant predators.
FIGURE 5 in Maximum Bite Force and Prey Size of Tyrannosaurus rex and Their Relationships to the Inference of Feeding Behavior
FIGURE 5 Relationship between body mass of largest known prey (mean value) and the body mass of its predator (species mean). Considerable variability in this relationship is partly attributable to differences in predatory behavior. Pack hunting, for example, allows a predator to take relatively large prey. The relationship between Triceratops horridus and Tyrannosaurus rex falls well within the range extrapolated from data for extant (mammalian) carnivores and their prey. This indicates that T. rex could have been a competent predator of adult Triceratops horridus, even if acted as a solitary predator. Social groups of other large theropods may have been capable of dispatching significantly larger prey species, possibly even including adult sauropods.
FIGURE 108 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 108. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Phalanges of right pes in medial view. Scale =10 cm. Photographs by J. Weinstein.
FIGURE 21 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 21. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. CT section of skull through orbits, showing sutural remnant between frontals and relationship between sphenethmoid and orbitosphenoid around the olfactory tract. See Appendix 1 for abbreviations.
FIGURE 71 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 71. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Pneumaticity of cervical centra, as shown in the axis (A) and third cervical (p3). Photographs by J. Weinstein.
FIGURE 47. RTMP 81.6.1 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 47. RTMP 81.6.1, Tyrannosaurus rex. Atlas intercentrum and neurapophysis in posterior (A) and anterior (B) view. See Appendix 1 for abbreviations.
FIGURE 75 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 75. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Lateral view of left transverse process for p22 prior to restoration, showing internal honeycomb structure. Scale = 5 cm. Photograph by J. Weinstein.
FIGURE 11 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 11. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Maxillary dentition. A, Isolated left maxillary tooth, possibly from the fourth or fifth alveolus; scale = 5 cm. B, Closeup of crown of same tooth (indicated by box in A), showing details of serration. C, Pathological teeth from posterior maxillary series; at least two teeth are fused together. D, Pathological tooth presumably from posterior maxillary series. Scale for C and D = 1 cm.
FIGURE 45 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 45. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Two abnormal perforations in the left surangular, lateral view. Ruler is marked in centimeters.
FIGURE 90 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 90. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Right pelvic girdle articulated. Scale = 30 cm. Photograph by J. Weinstein.
FIGURE 7 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 7. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Skull in left lateral view. Scale = 30 cm. Photograph by J. Weinstein.
FIGURE 105 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 105. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Phalanges of right pes in dorsal view. Scale =10 cm. Photographs by J. Weinstein.
FIGURE 30 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 30. Schematic reconstruction of a mature Tyrannosaurus rex braincase, based on information from several specimens (see text). A, Anterior view. B, Left lateral view. Abbreviations in Appendix 1.
FIGURE 87 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 87. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Bones of right first digit. Claw possibly belonging to this digit in lateral (A) and medial (B) view. First metacarpal in medial (C), ventral (D), lateral (E), and dorsal (F) view. Proximal phalanx in medial (G), ventral (H), lateral (I), and dorsal (J) view. First metacarpal in proximal (K) and distal (L) view. Proximal phalanx in distal (M) and proximal (N) view. Scale = 5 cm. Photographs by J. Weinstein.
FIGURE 36 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 36. Pneumatopore and recess in exoccipital of FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Abbreviations in Appendix 1
FIGURE 74 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 74. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Pneumaticity of trunk vertebrae, as shown on p23 (left lateral view). Photograph by J. Weinstein.
FIGURE 82 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 82. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex. Left coracoid, lateral view; detail showing muscle attachment areas ventral to glenoid fossa discussed in text. Abbreviations in Appendix 1.
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