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TABLE 1 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
<p><b>TABLE 1.</b> Occurrences of angiosperm leaf megafossils at the four localities of the Dakota Formation, Braun’s ranch, Kansas (Wang and Dilcher 2006a), Hoisington, Kansas, Rose Creek, Nebraska (Upchurch and Dilcher 1990), and Courtland, Minnesota (Wang and Dilcher 2009). A plus sign “+” indicates the presence of a taxon at a locality.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Taxon</th><th></th><th>Locality</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Genus/species</th><td>Hoisington</td><td>Braun Ranch</td><td>Rose Creek</td><td><b>Courtland</b></td></tr><tr><th><i>Crassidenticulum decurrens</i></th><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Crassidenticulum cracendentis</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Crassidenticulum trilobum</i></th><td>+</td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Crassidenticulum</i> cf. <i>trilobum</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Crassidenticulum landisiae</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Yangia glandifolia</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Densinervum kaulii</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Landonia calophylla</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Landonia callii</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Aquatifolia fluitans</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Brasenites kansense</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Longstrethia varidentata</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Longstrethia aspera</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Pabiania variloba</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Setterholmia rotundifolia</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Setterholmia deleta</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Manchesterii macrophylla</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pandemophyllum kvacekii</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pandemophyllum attenuatum</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pandemophyllum</i> sp.</th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Rogersia dakotensis</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rogersia parlatorii</i></th><td>+</td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Rogersia lottii</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Wolfiophyllum daphneoides</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Wolfiophyllum heigii</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Wolfiophyllum pfaffianum</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Jarzenia kanbrasota</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th>New genus A</th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Liriophyllum siemii</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Liriophyllum kansense</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>cf. <i>Paleonelumbo macroloba</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Credneria quadrata</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Credneria cyclophylla</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Dischidus quinquelobus</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Eoplatanus serrata</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 3 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
<p><b>TABLE 3.</b> List of quillworts, ferns, and conifers from the Hoisington III locality, Kansas.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>Taxa</b></th><th><b>Organ</b></th><th><b>References</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Quillworts</th><td><i>Isoëtites phyllophila</i> Skog, Dilcher and Potter</td><td>Rhizome</td><td>Skog et al. (1992), Skog and Dilcher (1994)</td></tr><tr><th>Ferns</th><td><i>Anemia dicksoniana</i> (Heer) Krassilov</td><td></td><td>Skog and Dilcher (1994)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Anemia dakotensis</i> (Rushforth) Skog and Dilcher</td><td>Leaf</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Gleichenia camptoniaefolia</i> Debenham and Ettinghausen) Heer</th></tr><tr><th><i>Gleichenia delicatula</i> Heer</th></tr><tr><th><i>Matonidium brownii</i> Rushforth</th></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Marsilea* johnhallii</i> Skog and Dilcher</td><td></td><td>Skog and Hill (1992), Skog and Dilcher (1994); *Hermsen et al. (2014) emended the generic name to <i>Marsileaceaephyllum</i></td></tr><tr><th>Conifers</th><td><i>Pinus</i> sp.</td><td>Leaf (needle fragments) Mihai E. Popa (in preparation)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Peltaconus conditus</i> Lesquereux</td><td>Seed cone</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>? <i>Pityanthus</i></td><td>Pollen cone</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Brachyphyllum crassum</i> (Lesquereux) Lesquereux</td><td>Leaf</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Geinitzia</i> sp.</th></tr><tr><th>? <i>Athrotaxites</i> sp. B</th></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 2 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
<p><b>TABLE 2.</b> Comparisons of leaf shape and venation of <i>Rogersia</i> and <i>Wolfiophyllum</i> species (modified from table 1 of Wang and Dilcher, 2009).</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th><b>Number of 2º</b></th><th><b>Loops near</b></th><th><b>Intercostal</b></th><th><b>Intersecondary</b></th><th><b>Tertiary</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Taxon</b></th><td><b>Leaf shape</b></td><td><b>2º venation</b></td><td><b>veins</b></td><td><b>margin</b></td><td><b>region</b></td><td><b>veins</b></td><td><b>veins</b></td></tr><tr><th><i>Wolfiophyllum pfaffianum</i></th><td>very narrow elliptic</td><td>eucamptodromous</td><td>8</td><td>no</td><td>no</td><td>common</td><td>reticulate</td></tr><tr><th><i>Wolfiophyllum heigii</i></th><td>lorate or linear</td><td>eucamptodromous</td><td>10 to 12</td><td>no</td><td>no</td><td>present</td><td>percurrent or exmedially ramified</td></tr><tr><th><i>Wolfiophyllum daphneoides</i></th><td>narrow ovate to lanceolate</td><td>eucamptodromous</td><td>5 to 7</td><td>no</td><td>no</td><td>common, simple</td><td>Not observed</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rogersia dakotensis</i></th><td>linear oblong</td><td>brochidodromous</td><td>>10</td><td>two series, elongate area</td><td>well defined</td><td>present</td><td>percurrent, more or less irregular</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rogersia lottii</i></th><td>narrow elliptic</td><td>festooned brochidodromous</td><td>10</td><td>one series</td><td>well defined</td><td>present, simple</td><td>random reticulate</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rogersia parlatorii</i></th><td>oblong, lorate to linear</td><td>brochidodromous</td><td>>10</td><td>irregular</td><td>elongate and admedially oriented</td><td>common</td><td>intergrading with 2º and 4º</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 1 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA
<p><b>TABLE 1 (continued).</b></p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Taxon</b></th><th></th><th><b>Locality</b></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Genus/species</b></th><td><b>Hoisington</b></td><td><b>Braun Ranch</b></td><td><b>Rose Creek</b></td><td><b>Courtland</b></td></tr><tr><th><i>Aspidiophyllum denticulatum</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Sapindopsis powelliana</i> comb. nov.</th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Sapindopsis retallackii</i> sp. nov.</th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisodromum wolfei</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisodromum upchurchii</i> sp. nov.</th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisodromum schimperi</i> comb. nov.</th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Citrophyllum doylei</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Citrophyllum aligera</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Trochodendroides rhomboideus</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Trochodendroides elliptica</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Wingia expansolobum</i> comb. nov.</th><td>+</td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Wingia cf. expansolobum</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Acritodromum ellipticum</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Crepetii minudentis</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Didromophyllum basingerii</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Glandilunatus kansense</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Gooleria crasseprima</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hickeyphyllum sandersii</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Hickeyphyllum imhofii</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Kladoneuron gooleri</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Reynoldsiophyllum masonii</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Reynoldsiophyllum nebrascense</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>New genus B</th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum aliquantuliserratum</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum angularis</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum braunii</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum carlsonii</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum coughlantii</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum fragile</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum huangii</i></th><td></td><td>+</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum leptovenum</i></th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum myrtophylloides</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum rosafluviatilis</i></th><td></td><td></td><td>+</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum skogii</i> sp. nov.</th><td>+</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicotylophyllum tulipiferum</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th>70</th><td>24</td><td>21</td><td>21</td><td>20</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 1 in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
<p>Table 1. Chloranthoid taxa recognized in the Catefica mesofossil flora based on inflorescences and flowers as well as isolated fruits, seeds and stamens with pollen characters added for those taxa where pollen are known.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Taxon</b></th><th><b>Text-figs</b></th><th><b>Organ</b></th><th><b>Stamen, length</b></th><th><b>Diameter of pollen</b></th><th><b>Aperture configuration</b></th><th><b>Aperture:diametre grain</b></th><th><b>Muri, ornamentation</b></th><th><b>Muri, width</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Canrightia resinifera</i></th><td>2c–g</td><td>flower/fruit/ seed</td><td>?</td><td>15.8–21.0 Μm</td><td>monocolpate</td><td>1:1</td><td>smooth</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Canrightia foveolata</i></th><td>3a–f, 4a–i</td><td>flower/fruit/ seed</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Canrightia</i> sp.</b></th><td>5a, b</td><td>flower/fruit/ seed</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th><i>Canrightiopsis crassitesta</i></th><td>6a–c, g, h</td><td>flower/fruit/ seed</td><td>?</td><td>12–14 Μm</td><td>monocolpate</td><td>1:1</td><td>beaded, 1 row</td><td>0.25 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><i>Canrightiopsis intermedia</i></th><td>6d–f</td><td>flower/fruit/ seed</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Canrightiopsis</i> sp.</b></th><td></td><td>flower/fruit/ seed</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hedyflora crystallifera</i></th><td>7a–f</td><td>flower/fruit/ seed</td><td>?</td><td>22 Μm</td><td>tetrachotomocolpate</td><td>2:3</td><td>beaded, two rows</td><td>0.3 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><i>Proencistemon portugallicus</i></th><td>8a–f, 9a–g</td><td>inflorescence/ stamen</td><td>0.55 mm</td><td>12.5–16 Μm</td><td>trichotomocolpate</td><td>2:3</td><td>beaded, 2–3 rows</td><td>0.2 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Proencistemon</i> sp.</b></th><td>9h–j</td><td>inflorescence/ stamen</td><td>0.8mm</td><td>16 Μm</td><td>trichotomocolpate</td><td>2:3</td><td>beaded, 2 rows</td><td>0.3 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Clavatipollenites</i> type pollen sp. 1</b></th><td>10a–d</td><td>stamen</td><td>1.3mm</td><td>17–20 Μm</td><td>monocolpate</td><td>2:3</td><td>beaded, 1 row</td><td>0.2–0.4 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Clavatipollenites</i> type pollen sp. 2</b></th><td>11a–e</td><td>stamen</td><td>1.3mm</td><td>24–26 Μm</td><td>monocolpate</td><td>1:3</td><td>beaded, 1–2 rows</td><td>0.5 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Clavatipollenites</i> type pollen sp. 3</b></th><td>12a–e</td><td>stamen</td><td>0.5mm</td><td>15–17 Μm</td><td>monocolpate</td><td>?</td><td>beaded, 1–2 rows</td><td>0.4 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Clavatipollenites</i> type pollen sp. 4</b></th><td>13a–d</td><td>stamen</td><td>0.5mm</td><td>14–17 Μm</td><td>monocolpate</td><td>2:3</td><td>beaded, 1–2 rows</td><td>0.3 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Asteropollis</i> type pollen sp. 1</b></th><td>14a–e</td><td>stamen</td><td>0.4mm</td><td>20–24 Μm</td><td>tetrachotomocolpate</td><td>2:3</td><td>beaded, 2 rows</td><td>0.5 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Asteropollis</i> type pollen sp. 2</b></th><td>15a–e</td><td>stamen</td><td>0.9mm</td><td>15–18 Μm</td><td>pentachotomocolpate</td><td>2:3</td><td>beaded, 2 rows</td><td>0.4 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Asteropollis</i> / <i>Clavatipollenites</i> sp. 1</b></th><td>16a–c</td><td>stamen</td><td>1mm</td><td>17–20 Μm</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>beaded-perforated, 1–2 rows</td><td>0.3 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Asteropollis</i> / <i>Clavatipollenites</i> sp. 2</b></th><td>16d–f</td><td>stamen</td><td>1.4mm</td><td>22 Μm</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>beaded, 2 rows</td><td>0.5 Μm</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Asteropollis</i> / <i>Clavatipollenites</i> sp. 3</b></th><td>16g–i</td><td>stamen</td><td>0.8mm</td><td>16 Μm</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>beaded, 2 rows</td><td>0.8 Μm</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 2 in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
<p>Table 2. Mesofossils recognized in Catefica samples 49, 50, 150–154, 242, 342, 343, 358–362, 381, 382<b>.</b></p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Taxon/Sample</b></th><th><b>49</b></th><th><b>50</b></th><th><b>150</b></th><th><b>151</b></th><th><b>152</b></th><th><b>153</b></th><th><b>154</b></th><th><b>242</b></th><th><b>342</b></th><th><b>343</b></th><th><b>358</b></th><th><b>359</b></th><th><b>360</b></th><th><b>361</b></th><th><b>362</b></th><th><b>381</b></th><th><b>382</b></th><th><b>all</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Mugideiriflora portugallica</i></th><td></td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th><i>Canrightia resinifera</i></th><td>148</td><td></td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td></td><td>5</td><td>8</td><td>17</td><td>23</td><td>14</td><td>2</td><td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td></td><td>244</td></tr><tr><th><i>Canrightia foveolata</i></th><td>11</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13</td></tr><tr><th><i>Canrightia</i> sp.</th></tr><tr><th><i>Canrightiopsis crassitesta</i></th><td>6</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>12</td></tr><tr><th><i>Canrightiopsis intermedia</i></th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Canrightiopsis</i> sp.</th><td>80</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td></td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>4</td><td>12</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>11</td><td>21</td><td>7</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>158</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hedyflora crystallifera</i></th><td>111</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td>121</td></tr><tr><th><i>Proencistemon portugallicus</i></th><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6</td></tr><tr><th><i>Proencistemon</i> sp.</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clavatipollenites</i> type sp. 1</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clavatipollenites</i> type sp. 2</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clavatipollenites</i> type sp. 3</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clavatipollenites</i> type sp. 4</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Asteropollis</i> type sp. 1</th><td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th><i>Asteropollis</i> type sp. 2</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Asteropollis</i> / <i>Clavatipollenites</i> type sp. 1</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Asteropollis</i> / <i>Clavatipollenites</i> type sp. 2</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Asteropollis</i> / <i>Clavatipollenites</i> type sp. 3</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Serialis communis</i></th><td>25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>25</td></tr><tr><th><i>Serialis crassitesta</i></th><td>36</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>36</td></tr><tr><th><i>Serialis</i> spp.</th><td>74</td><td>50</td><td>11</td><td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>8</td><td></td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>100</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>256</td></tr><tr><th><i>Catanthus dolichostemon</i></th><td>8</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>16</td></tr><tr><th><i>Saportanthus parvus</i></th><td>25</td><td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>41</td></tr><tr><th><i>Aristospermum huberi</i></th><td>19</td><td>6</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>3</td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>4</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><th><i>Appomattoxia</i> sp.</th><td>3</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th><i>Goczania rugosa</i></th><td>3</td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th><i>Anacostia portugallica</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th><i>Choffaticarpus compactus</i></th><td>62</td><td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>72</td></tr><tr><th><i>Ibericarpus cuneiformis</i></th><td>59</td><td>12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>71</td></tr><tr><th>Stamen with zona-aperturate pollen</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Elasmostemon paisii</i></th><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Laminar stamen/monocolpate reticulate pollen</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Valvidistemon globiferus</i></th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Endressistemon cateficensis</i></th><td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>cf. <i>Endressistemon</i> sp. 1</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>cf. <i>Endressistemon</i> sp. 2</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>cf. <i>Endressistemon</i> sp. 3</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pennicarpus tenuis</i></th><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th><i>Kempia longicolpites</i></th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Piercipollis</i> sp.</th><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th><i>Teebacia</i> sp.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Stamen with monocolpate reticulate pollen</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Paisia pantoporata</i></th><td>27</td><td>17</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><th>? <i>Paisia</i> sp.</th></tr><tr><th><i>Paisia</i> -like</th><td>45</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>46</td></tr><tr><th>Tricolpate pollen sp. 1</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Tricolpate pollen sp. 2</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Tricolpate pollen sp. 3</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Tricolpate pollen sp. 4</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Tricolpate pollen sp. 5</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Tricarpellate flower sp. 1</th><td>2</td><td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>7</td></tr><tr><th>Tricarpellate flower sp. 2</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Hexacarpellate flower</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Staminate structure</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th>Rugulate fruit</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>One-seeded fruit sp. 1</th><td>37</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>42</td></tr><tr><th>One-seeded fruit sp. 2</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th>Fruit spp.</th><td>5</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pazliopsis</i> sp.</th><td>16</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>20</td></tr><tr><th>Follicular fruit with exotestal seeds</th><td>36</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>36</td></tr><tr><th>Foveolate seeds sp. 1</th><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th>Foveolate seeds sp. 2</th><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th>Exotestal seed spp.</th><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th>Reticulate seed sp. 1</th><td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>9</td></tr><tr><th>TOTAL</th><td>880</td><td>128</td><td>23</td><td>11</td><td>13</td><td>20</td><td>31</td><td>36</td><td>46</td><td>21</td><td>4</td><td>7</td><td>12</td><td>137</td><td>25</td><td>8</td><td>5</td><td>1,407</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Structural and defensive roles of angiosperm leaf venation network reticulation across an Andes-Amazon elevation gradient
1.The network of minor veins of angiosperm leaves may include loops (reticulation). Variation in network architecture has been hypothesized to have hydraulic and also structural and defensive functions. 2.We measured venation network trait space in eight dimensions for 136 biomass-dominant angiosperm tree species along a 3,300 m elevation gradient in southeastern Peru. We then examined the relative importance of multiple ecological, and evolutionary predictors of reticulation. 3.Variation in minor venation network reticulation was constrained to three axes. These axes described branching vs. reconnecting veins, elongated vs. compact areoles, and high vs. low density veins. Variation in the first two axes was predicted by traits related to mechanical strength and secondary compounds, and in the third axis by site temperature. 4.Synthesis. Defensive and structural factors primarily explain variation in multiple axes of reticulation, with a smaller role for climate-linked hydraulic factors. These results suggest that venation network reticulation may be determined more by species interactions than by hydraulic functions.
Text-fig. 6. The locality of early angiosperm near the Palets Cape. in An Angiosperm Dominated Herbaceous Community From The Early - Middle Albian Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia
Text-fig. 6. The locality of early angiosperm near the Palets Cape.
Text-fig. 4. Schematic sections of the Frentsevka Formation in different areas. in An Angiosperm Dominated Herbaceous Community From The Early - Middle Albian Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia
Text-fig. 4. Schematic sections of the Frentsevka Formation in different areas.
Text-fig. 2. Localities of early angiosperms near Bolshoy Kamen town. in An Angiosperm Dominated Herbaceous Community From The Early - Middle Albian Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia
Text-fig. 2. Localities of early angiosperms near Bolshoy Kamen town.
Genome-scale angiosperm phylogenies based on nuclear, plastome, and mitochondrial datasets
<p>Angiosperms dominate the Earth's ecosystems and provide most of the basic necessities for human life. The major angiosperm clades comprise 64 orders, as recognized by the APG IV classification. However, the phylogenetic relationships of angiosperms remain unclear, as phylogenetic trees with different topologies have been reconstructed depending on the sequence datasets utilized, from targeted genes to transcriptomes. Here, we used currently available <em>de novo</em> genome data to reconstruct the phylogenies of 366 angiosperm species from 241 genera belonging to 97 families across 43 of the 64 orders based on orthologous genes from the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes of the same species with compatible datasets. The phylogenetic relationships were largely consistent with previously constructed phylogenies based on sequence variations in each genome type. However, there were major inconsistencies in the phylogenetic relationships of the five Mesangiospermae lineages when different genomes were examined. We discuss ways to address these inconsistencies, which could ultimately lead to the reconstruction of a comprehensive angiosperm tree of life. The angiosperm phylogenies presented here provide a basic framework for further updates and comparisons. These phylogenies can also be used as guides to examine the evolutionary trajectories among the three genome types during lineage radiation. </p>
Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change
<p>This release contains the code and data used in the paper: Wu-Bing Xu et al., Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change. <em>Sci. Adv. </em><strong>9</strong>, eadd8553 (2023). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add8553">10.1126/sciadv.add8553</a></p>
DNA methylation signatures of duplicate gene evolution in angiosperms
<p><span>Gene duplication is a source of evolutionary novelty. DNA methylation may play a role in the evolution of duplicate genes through its association with gene expression. While this relationship is examined to varying extents in a few individual species, the generalizability of these results at either a broad phylogenetic scale with species of differing duplication histories or across a population remains unknown. We apply a comparative epigenomics approach to 43 angiosperm species across the phylogeny and a population of 928 <em>Arabidopsis</em> <em>thaliana</em> accessions, examining the association of DNA methylation with paralog evolution. Genic DNA methylation is differentially associated with duplication type, the age of duplication, sequence evolution, and gene expression. Whole genome duplicates are typically enriched for CG-only gene-body methylated or unmethylated genes, while single-gene duplications are typically enriched for non-CG methylated or unmethylated genes. Non-CG methylation, in particular, was characteristic of more recent single-gene duplicates. Core angiosperm gene families are differentiated into those which preferentially retain paralogs and 'duplication-resistant' families, which convergently revert to singletons following duplication. Duplication-resistant families which still have paralogous copies are, uncharacteristically for core angiosperm genes, enriched for non-CG methylation. Non-CG methylated paralogs have higher rates of sequence evolution, higher frequency of presence-absence variation, and more limited expression. This suggests that silencing by non-CG methylation may be important to maintaining dosage following duplication and be a precursor to fractionation. Our results indicate that genic methylation marks differing evolutionary trajectories and fates between paralogous genes and have a role in maintaining dosage following duplication.</span></p>
Species-level phylogenetic trees of all angiosperm species (100 trees)
<p>One hundred species-level trees of all angiosperms (zip file) comprising all 329,798 species recognized by version 6 of the World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Details of how these trees were compiled is provided, as well as a spreadsheet listing the familial and ordinal assignation of each species in the trees. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Beyond pollen:ovule ratios: Evolutionary consequences of pollinator dependence and pollination efficiency for pollen and ovule production in angiosperms
<p><strong>Premise</strong>: The relative per‐flower production of ovules and pollen varies broadly with angiosperm mating systems, with outcrossing types commonly producing more pollen grains per ovule than selfing types. The evolutionary causes of this variation are contentious, especially the relevance of pollination risk. Resolution of this debate may have been hampered by its focus on pollen:ovule (P:O) ratios rather than on the evolution of pollen and ovule numbers per se.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Using published mean ovule and pollen counts, we analyzed associations with the proportion of removed pollen that reaches stigmas (pollen‐transfer efficiency) and differences between pollinator‐dependent and autogamous forms within and among species. Analyses involved Bayesian methods that simultaneously considered variation in pollen and ovule numbers and accounted for phylogenetic relatedness. We also assessed the utility of P:O ratios as mating‐system proxies and their association with female outcrossing rates.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Median pollen number declined consistently with pollen‐transfer efficiency among species, whereas median ovule number did not. Similarly, in both intraspecific and interspecific analyses, pollinator‐dependent plants produced more pollen than autogamous plants, whereas ovule production did not differ statistically. Distributions of P:O ratios overlapped extensively for self‐incompatible and self‐compatible species and for different mating‐system classes, and P:O ratios correlated weakly with outcrossing rate.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Our findings demonstrate that pollinator dependence and pollination efficiency commonly influence the evolution of pollen number per flower but have more limited effects on ovule number. P:O ratios provide ambiguous, possibly misleading, information about mating systems, especially when compared among clades.</p>
Geographic patterns in range sizes and their drivers of endemic angiosperms in China
<p><span>Geographic range size of endemic species is the most important indicator of</span><span> species' vulnerability to extinction and conservation prioritization, yet </span><span>variation in </span><span>range size among species and across space has been relatively underst</span><span>udied</span><span>. We investigated the variations and geographic patterns of the range sizes of 9,898 angiosperm species endemic to China and compared them with effects of historical and contemporary climate, physiological tolerances of species and species functional traits associated with dispersal ability (including growth form, fruit type and sexual system) on range size variations</span><span>. Our </span><span>results revealed </span><span>that</span><span> narrow-ranged species are clustered</span> <span>in Southwest China where angiosperm species richness peaks. Winter temperature had the strongest and most negative effects on the range size variations of narrow-ranged species across space and species, while climate seasonality had the strongest and most positive effects on the range size variations of wide-ranged species across space and species. Climate also influenced species range size indirectly via its effects on species' functional traits associated with dispersal ability. Range size of all species, narrow-ranged, and wide-ranged species showed little phylogenetic signal, suggesting that phylogenetic conservatism plays a very weak role in range size variations. Our results show that the range size of angiosperm species endemic to China is driven by both extrinsic spatio-temporal environmental factors and intrinsic species' traits that allow species to cope with environment change.</span></p>
Evolutionary history and climate co-determine the geographical variation in pollination modes of angiosperms in China
<p><span><strong>Aim:</strong> </span><span>Pollination is an essential stage of angiosperm reproduction and the mode of pollination plays a major role in driving evolutionary and ecological responses of plants to environmental changes. However, the effects of climate, evolutionary history and floral traits (i.e. plant sexual systems) on pollination mode variation remain unclear. Here, we explored the biogeographic patterns in pollination mode frequency, and tested the hypothesis that insect pollination prevails in warm humid regions with old floras due to high pollinator dependence, whereas wind pollination is more frequent in arid regions with younger floras and is more strongly associated with dioecy.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>: </span><span>China</span></p> <p><span><strong>Time</strong> <strong>period</strong>: </span><span>Since the Last Glacial Maximum</span></p> <p><span><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>:</span><span> Angiosperms</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:</span><span> Using data on pollination modes and geographic ranges of 29,719 angiosperm species in China, we mapped the biogeographic </span><span>pattern of pollination mode frequency</span><span>. Phylogenetic logistic regressions and </span><span>generalized linear mixed models </span><span>were employed to evaluate the relative importance of climate, evolutionary history (represented by phylogenetic conservatism and grid-level mean genus age) and sexual systems on variations in pollination modes across species and space.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span>E</span><span>volutionary history was the strongest correlate of pollination mode variation across species and space. The proportion of insect-pollinated species was higher in warm humid regions with old floras, but lower in arid regions with young floras. </span><span>Evolutionary history and temperature dominated variations in pollination mode frequency in warm humid areas, while precipitation dominated in arid areas.</span><span> Climate mainly influenced geographic patterns in pollination mode frequency</span><span> indirectly via its effects on species richness and plant sexual systems.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong>: </span><span>Our results showed that </span><span>geographic pattern in angiosperm pollination mode frequency is </span><span>dominated by evolutionary history followed by climate</span><span>, which extended previous findings of climate-driven mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate the importance to incorporate evolutionary history in understanding the mechanisms underlying the functional biogeography of plant traits.</span></p>
Angiosperms follow a convex trade-off to optimize hydraulic safety and efficiency
<p><span>Intervessel pits are considered to function as valves that avoid embolism spreading and optimize efficient transport of xylem sap across neighbouring vessels. Hydraulic transport between vessels would therefore follow a safety-efficiency trade-off, which is directly related to the total intervessel pit area (A<sub>p</sub>), inversely related to the pit membrane thickness (T<sub>PM</sub>), and driven by a pressure difference.</span></p> <p><span>To test this hypothesis, we modelled the relative transport rate of gas (k<sub>a</sub>) and water (Q) at the intervessel pit level for 23 angiosperm species, and correlated these parameters with the water potential at which 50% of embolism occurs (</span><span>Ψ</span><sub><span>50</span></sub><span>). We also measured k<sub>a</sub> for 10 species using pneumatic measurements.</span></p> <p><span>The pressure difference across adjacent vessels, and estimated values of k<sub>a </sub>and Q were related to </span><span>Ψ</span><sub><span>50</span></sub><span>, following a convex safety-efficiency trade-off based on modelled and experimental data. Minor changes in T<sub>PM</sub> and A<sub>p </sub>exponentially affected the pressure difference and flow, respectively. </span></p> <p><span>Our results provide clear evidence that a xylem safety-efficiency trade-off is not linear, but convex due to flow across intervessel pit membranes, which represent mesoporous media within microporous conduits. Moreover, the convex nature of long-distance xylem transport may contribute to an adjustable fluid balance of plants, depending on environmental conditions. </span></p>
Data from: A comparative analysis of stably expressed genes across diverse angiosperms exposes flexibility in underlying promoter architecture
<p><span>Promoters regulate both the amplitude and pattern of gene expression—key factors needed for optimization of many synthetic biology applications. Previous work in <em>Arabidopsis</em> found that promoters that contain a TATA-box element tend to be expressed only under specific conditions or in particular tissues, while promoters which lack any known promoter elements, thus designated as Coreless, tend to be expressed more ubiquitously. To test whether this trend represents a conserved promoter design rule, we identified stably expressed genes across multiple angiosperm species using publicly available RNA-seq data. Comparisons between core promoter architectures and gene expression stability revealed differences in core promoter usage in monocots and eudicots. Furthermore, when tracing the evolution of a given promoter across species, we found that core promoter type was not a strong predictor of expression stability. Our analysis suggests that core promoter types are correlative rather than causative in promoter expression patterns and highlights the challenges in finding or building constitutive promoters that will work across diverse plant species.</span></p>
Monocots and eudicots have more conservative flower water use strategies than basal angiosperms
<p>Water balance is crucial for the growth and flowering of plants. However, the mechanisms by which flowers maintain water balance are poorly understood across different angiosperm branches. Here, we investigated 30 floral hydraulic and economics traits in 24 species from ANA grade, magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots. We found that basal angiosperms had richer petal stomatal density, higher pedicel hydraulic diameter, and flower mass per area, but lower pedicel vessel wall reinforcement, and epidermal cell thickness, compared to monocots and eudicots. This indicates that basal angiosperms maintain water balance with high water supply and consumption, while monocots and eudicots maintain water balance more conservatively. We also observed significant trade-offs and coordination among different floral traits. Specifically, pedicel theoretical hydraulic conductivity was positively correlated with petal stomatal density, flower water potential at turgor loss point, and maximum vessel diameter, but was negatively correlated with flower construction cost, vessel density, and pedicel vessel wall reinforcement. Floral traits associated with reproduction, such as floral longevity and size, were strongly linked with its physiological and anatomical traits. Our results systematically reveal the variation in flower economics and hydraulic traits from different angiosperm branches, deepening the understanding of flower water use strategies among these plant taxa.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.