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2,390 results for “butterflies”
Alpine butterflies want to fly high: Species and communities shift upwards faster than their host plants
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Data from: Extreme heat reduces host and parasite performance in a butterfly-parasite interaction
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Functional genetic elements of a butterfly mimicry supergene
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Questionnaire data, butterfly images and analysis code
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Resistance and tolerance to imperfectly specialized parasites: Milkweed butterflies and their protozoan parasites
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Data for: Predictable local adaptation in butterfly photoperiodism but not thermal performance along a latitudinal cline
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Data from: Environmental variation associated with topography explains butterfly diversity along a tropical elevation gradient
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A global biogeographic regionalization for butterflies
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Olfactory learning in Pieris brassicae butterflies is dependent on the intensity of a plant-derived oviposition cue
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Genetic, developmental and neural changes underlying evolving butterfly mate preference
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Effects of Corridors on Genetics of a Butterfly in a Landscape Experiment
To investigate the possible role of landscape connectivity on the genetic structure of isolated populations, we examined the effects of habitat corridors on the population genetics of a vagile butterfly species, Junonia coenia, within a largescale, experimental system. Using allozyme electrophoresis, a total of nine loci were identified and scored, six of which exhibited polymorphism. Our data demonstrated consistently higher levels of expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity in butterflies sampled from patches connected by corridors compared to unconnected patches. A t-test comparing He and Ho in connected versus unconnected patches found a marginally significant difference in one locus, the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). Connected patches exhibited overall lower FST values compared to unconnected patches, indicating potentially increased levels of gene flow due to corridors. Our results support previous investigations on dispersal and population size for J. coenia, and show that higher dispersal through corridors promotes genetic variability at a locus (PGI) implicated in dispersal and fitness in butterflies.
Figure 16 in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 16. Distribution maps of the euptychiine taxa discussed herein
iCollections butterfly images selected for automated measurement
<p>Images of butterflies from the Natural History Museum (NHMUK) iCollections project, used for automated wing length measurement with <a href="https://github.com/machine-shop/butterfly-wings">https://github.com/machine-shop/butterfly-wings</a></p> <p>Original iCollections dataset: https://doi.org/10.5519/0038559</p> <p> </p>
Complex multi-trait responses to multivariate environmental cues in a seasonal butterfly
<p>Dataset for 'Complex multi-trait responses to multivariate environmental cues in a seasonal butterfly'.</p>
Dispersal and migration have contrasting effects on butterfly flight morphology and reproduction
Movement may fundamentally alter morphology and reproductive states in insects. In long-distance migrants, reproductive diapause is associated with trade-offs between diverse life history traits such as flight morphology and lifespan. However, many non-diapausing insects engage in shorter resource-driven dispersals. How diapause and other reproductive states alter flight morphology in migrating versus dispersing insects is poorly understood. To find out, we compared flight morphology in different reproductive states of multiple butterfly species. We found that dispersers consisted of ovulating females with higher egg-loads compared to non-dispersing females. This trend was in stark contrast to that of migrating female butterflies in reproductive diapause that made substantially higher investment in flight tissue compared to reproductively active, non-migrating females. Thus, long-distance migration and shorter resource-driven dispersals had contrasting effects on flight morphology and egg-loads. In contrast, male flight morphology was not affected by dispersal, migration, or associated reproductive states. Thus, dispersal and migration affected resource allocation in flight and reproductive tissue in a sex-specific manner across relatively mobile versus non-dispersing individuals of different species. These findings suggest that dispersals between fragmented habitats may put extra stress on egg-carrying females by increasing their flight burdens.
How butterflies keep their cool: physical and ecological traits influence thermoregulatory ability and population trends.
<p>Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change.</p> <p>We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine-scale changes in air temperature, and whether species-specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits.</p> <p>Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine-scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK-wide dataset.</p> <p>We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally.</p> <p>Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine-scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature-sensitive species.</p>
Climate and plant structure determine the spatiotemporal butterfly distribution in a tropical mountain
Mountains are among the most powerful natural gradients for testing ecological and evolutionary responses of biota to environmental influences because differences in climate and plant structure occur over short spatial scales. We describe the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and drives of fruit-feeding butterfly diversity on the mountaineous region of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Seven elevations from 822 to 1388 m were selected for evaluating the effects of abiotic factors and vegetation characteristics on butterfly diversity. A total of 44 fruit-feeding butterfly species were recorded in a two-years study. Species richness (local and regional) of fruit-feeding butterflies decreased with increasing elevation. The interaction between temperature or humidity and precipitation influenced the abundance and β-diversity of butterflies in the altitudinal gradient, while β-diversity decreased with increasing plant richness. Butterfly richness (local and regional) and β-diversity varied with the sampling period, with fewer species in July (2012 and 2013), dry period, as expected for Neotropical insects. β-diversity in space and time was due to species replacement (turnover), indicating that butterfly composition differs throughout the mountain and over time. In summary, climate and plant richness largely influenced butterfly diversity in the altitudinal gradient. Climatic changes in conjunction with increasing anthropic impacts in mountainous regions of southeast Brazil will likely influence the community of mountaintop butterflies in Espinhaço Mountain Range.
Processed data of grasshoppers, butterflies and moths for analyses of species trend models for the regional WWF Living Planet Index for Belgium
<p>This archive contains pre-processed datasets used for the analysis of species occupancy models, the results of which were used in the calculation of multi-species indices as part of the regional WWF Living Planet Index for Belgium.</p> <p>The datasets are csv files (comma separated and . as decimal mark). </p> <p>For each species group (moths, butterflies and grasshoppers), the following files are available:</p> <ul> <li>a species list (files with 'species' in the name)</li> <li>an observations list (files with 'observations' in the name - for butterfly or moth species with two distinct flight periods, also a file with the data for the second generation is available)</li> </ul> <p>For one species, <em>Fabriciana adippe</em>, separate files are available with corrected data.</p> <p>The species list files contain the following variables:</p> <ul> <li>species_id (unique species id)</li> <li>scientific_name (accepted scientific name according to the GBIF taxonomic backbone)</li> <li>species_name_NL (Dutch species name)</li> <li>species_name_FR (French species name)</li> <li>season_start (n-th day of the year that marks the beginning of the first -and possibly only- generation)</li> <li>season_end (n-th day of the year that marks the end of the first -and possibly only- generation)</li> </ul> <p>The observations files contain the following variables:</p> <ul> <li>species_id (a unique identifier)</li> <li>year (year of observation)</li> <li>month (month of observation)</li> <li>day (day of observation)</li> <li>julian_day (n-th day of the year)</li> <li>site_id (unique identifier for the 1 km x 1km EEA 1 km x 1 km reference grid square <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eea-reference-grids-2">https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eea-reference-grids-2</a>)</li> <li>source (name of data provider)</li> <li>count (max number of sightings for the species for that day and site</li> </ul>
Caterpillars on a phytochemical landscape: the case of alfalfa and the Melissa blue butterfly
<p>Modern metabolomic approaches that generate more comprehensive phytochemical profiles than were previously available are providing new opportunities for understanding plant-animal interactions. Specifically, we can characterize the phytochemical landscape by asking how a larger number of individual compounds affect herbivores and how compounds covary among plants. Here we use the recent colonization of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by the Melissa blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa) to quantify plant metabolites and the performance of caterpillars as affected by both individual compounds and suites of covarying phytochemicals. We find that survival, development time and adult weight are all associated with variation in nutrition and toxicity, including biomolecules associated with plant cell function as well as putative anti-herbivore action. The plant-insect interface is complex, with clusters of covarying compounds in many cases encompassing divergent effects on different aspects of caterpillar performance. Individual compounds with the strongest associations are largely specialized metabolites, including alkaloids, phenolic glycosides and saponins. The saponins are represented in our data by more than 25 individual compounds with beneficial and detrimental effects on L. melissa caterpillars, which highlights the value of metabolomic data as opposed to approaches that rely on total concentrations within broad defensive classes.</p>
PCA coordinates describing dorsal colour pattern variation in 723 Morpho butterflies
<p>Species interactions such as mimicry can promote trait convergence but disentangling this effect from those of shared ecology, evolutionary history and niche conservatism is often challenging. Here by focusing on wing color pattern variation within and between three butterfly species living in sympatry in a large proportion of their range, we tested the effect of species interactions on trait diversification. These butterflies display a conspicuous iridescent blue coloration on the dorsal side of their wings and a cryptic brownish colour on the ventral side. Combined with an erratic and fast flight, these color patterns increase the difficulty of capture by predators and contribute to the high escape abilities of these butterflies. We hypothesize that, beyond their direct contribution to predator escape, these wing patterns can be used as signals of escape abilities by predators, resulting in positive frequency-dependent selection favouring convergence in wing pattern in sympatry. To test this hypothesis, we quantified dorsal wing pattern variations of 723 butterflies from the three species sampled throughout their distribution, including sympatric and allopatric situations and compared the phenotypic distances between species, sex and localities. We detected a significant effect of localities on colour pattern, and higher inter-specific resemblance in sympatry as compared to allopatry, consistent with the hypothesis of local convergence of wing patterns. Our results provide support to the existence of escape mimicry in the wild and stress the importance of estimating trait variation within species to understand trait variation between species, and to a larger extent, trait diversification at the macro-evolutionary scale.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.