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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Globally-gridded data for manuscript: Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon

Supporting globally-gridded data products for manuscript: Georgiou K., Jackson R. B., Vindu&scaron;ková O., Abramoff R. Z., Ahlström A., Feng W., Harden J. W., Pellegrini A. F. A., Polley H. W., Soong J. L., Riley W. J., Torn M. S. Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon. Nature Communications, 2022. We leveraged data from a global synthesis of soil fractionation measurements (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5987415) along with ancillary data on climate, vegetation, and soil characteristics to produce spatially-explicit global estimates of mineral-associated soil organic carbon stocks (MOC) and mineralogical carbon capacity (MOCmax) in non-permafrost, non-desert mineral soils. Globally-gridded datasets are given in kgC/m2 for topsoil (0-30cm) and subsoil (30-100cm) at 0.5 degree by 0.5 degree spatial resolution.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Synthesis data for manuscript: Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon

Supporting synthesis data for manuscript: Georgiou K., Jackson R. B., Vindu&scaron;ková O., Abramoff R. Z., Ahlström A., Feng W., Harden J. W., Pellegrini A. F. A., Polley H. W., Soong J. L., Riley W. J., Torn M. S. Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon. Nature Communications, 2022. We performed an observational synthesis of soil fractionation data constituting 1,144 globally-distributed soil profiles from 78 studies that reported fractionation and bulk measurements of organic carbon across depths. This dataset includes measurements of mineral-associated, particulate, and bulk soil organic carbon, as well as ancillary data on edaphic, climate, and vegetation characteristics. We also performed a separate observational synthesis of soil carbon accrual from manipulation and chronosequence studies, which included changes in carbon stocks or concentrations, bulk density, experimental duration, and edaphic properties. This latter synthesis included 103 observations from 34 studies that spanned crop, pasture, grassland, and forest ecosystems across climates and soil types. Further details for both syntheses can be found in the methods and supplementary materials of the associated manuscript.

Diversity of options to eliminate fossil fuels and reach carbon-neutrality across the entire European energy system

Sector-coupled Euro-Calliope model outputs The subdirectories found here cover cost-optimal and cost relaxation (SPORES) carbon-neutrality runs for a sector-coupled, sub-national resolution European energy system model. The underlying model to produce these results, <a href="https://github.com/calliope-project/sector-coupled-euro-calliope">Sector-coupled Euro-Calliope</a>, is an extension of the power-sector only <a href="https://github.com/calliope-project/euro-calliope">Euro-Calliope model</a>. It incorporates all energy consuming sectors and includes a more detailed representation of transmission capacities between 98 model regions in Europe. The model runs here are based on specific Sector-Coupled Euro-Calliope minor releases: <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/calliope-project/euro-calliope-2.0/commit/74f6a9b2e157b6147e155b556f521c03ef23246a">cost-opt</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/calliope-project/euro-calliope-2.0/commit/519a4fb26920114e451b8247b38ed86b93b6af89">slack-*</a></li> </ul> The models were optimised using the <a href="https://github.com/calliope-project/calliope">Calliope open energy system modelling framework</a>, again based on different minor releases: <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/calliope-project/calliope/commit/1faed85eeddbe41c29d52982a6bfb147ef9001a3">cost-opt</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/calliope-project/calliope/commit/19460da2e23e752995a9a02ae6dca49379565d43">slack-*</a></li> </ul> <code>slack-*</code> results are for cost relaxation runs, where <code>*</code> refers to the percentage relaxation from the optimal cost of the 2018 energy system. All results use the <a href="https://github.com/sentinel-energy/friendly_data">friendly data</a> format. Data files are structured according to standardised sector-coupled Euro-Calliope output processing provided by the <a href="https://github.com/brynpickering/friendly-calliope">friendly-calliope</a> package + additional processing to produce data relevant to nine high-level metrics (see script <a href="https://github.com/calliope-project/sector-coupled-euro-calliope/blob/main/src/analyse/result_to_friendly.py">here</a>). Both cost optimal and SPORES results related to a projected demand scenario are given in the directories ending in "demand-update". To explore the data, please refer to the <a href="https://sentinel-energy.github.io/friendly_data/">friendly data documentation</a>.

Soil carbon stock, litter decomposition, and weather data from Ethiopian forests

Introduction 100 sampling units (SU) were selected from the total of 631 SUs of the Forest Reference Level submission 2017 (FRL 2017). The sampling was designed unbiased for total growing stock per SU, altitude,and mean litter depth per SU. The actual field sampling succeeded on 98 of the pre-selected SUs due to accessibility restrictions. Soil profile sampling Soil sampling was performed from November 2017 till mid-January 2018. Samples were taken from undisturbed soil from depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm below the organic layer. Volumetric samples of 107.5 cm3 were taken vertically, using a 10 cm long conically shaped corer with a cutting lower edge diameter of 37 mm and upper diameter of 40 mm.  Composite samples were formed by combining the volumetric samples taken from different depths of two parallel soil profiles. The samples were transported to EEFRI Soil Laboratory in Addis Ababa after 1-4 weeks of sampling at distant locations.    Soil physical characteristics The soil samples were air-dried, homogenized, and subjected to oven-drying at 105°C until constant mass. Total bulk density was determined using the total dry mass and volume of the composite samples.  Organic carbon content (C % by wet oxidation method), and soil physical characteristics: moisture content, bulk density of the total sample, and bulk density of fine fraction (particles passing the 2 mm sieve). The mass of the coarse fraction was weighed. The soil fine fraction was also subjected to laser diffraction for more accurate particle size analysis for proportions of clay, silt, and sand.    In addition to this 28 samples were also analyzed for C content in the laboratory of Natural Resources Institute Finland to determine C content by LECO CHN analyzer. This was done to calibrate the bulk of wet digestion-based estimates (Fig. 1). Before analysis, the soils were tested for the presence of inorganic C.   For Figure 1. See Soil_C_Ethiopia.pdf Figure 1. Comparison of results from wet oxidation (Walkley-Black) and dry oxidation (CHN analyzer). The dotted line shows the theoretical 1:1 match between the axis, the solid line shows linear regression (intercept = 0) between the methods. The estimated slope value of 1.165 was used in adjusting the wet digestion results to match those obtained by dry oxidation: OCadj = 1.165 * OCwet. Based on a linear regression between the wet and dry oxidation analysis results, a correction factor of 1.165 was applied to adjust the organic C% obtained by wet digestion. The adjusted data are shown in the file “SOC_Ethiopia_2017-2018.csv”.   SOC stocks were calculated by multiplying the proportion of organic C with BD of fine earth, after which the result was corrected for stoniness, a visually estimated proportion of large stones (S, value from 0 to 1) in the soil profile that could not be included in the volumetric soil samples (FAO VS-FAST). \(SOCstock = C_{org} * BD_{fe} * (1-S)\) Soil organic carbon stock data Files: “SOC_Ethiopia_2017-2018.csv” and “SOC_Ethiopia_2017-2018.xlsx” The file includes soil characteristics from layers of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm below the loose organic layer on top of the soil. The data are used for SOC stock estimation in the respective layers as described above. In the .csv file individual columns are for  LAT is the latitude of the sampling site corresponding to FieldCode and SU_nr LON is the longitude of the sampling site corresponding to FieldCode and SU_nr <ul> <li>The coordinates are expressed as decimal degrees of the WGS84 system</li> </ul> FieldCode refers to the Region and Sampling Unit number of the Ethiopian NFI (see below)  SU_nr is the Sampling Unit number of the Ethiopian NFI Region is the name of the administrative region where the sample was taken Biome is the name of the forest biome type where the sample was collected BiomeSimplified is the name of a biome with some close types combined DepthRange is the upper and lower limit of the soil sample in the field, cm StoninessVFAST is a percentage of stones (VS-FAST by FAO) in the ca. 40 cm deep soil profile exposed during the sampling FreshMassInField is the mass of the total composite soil sample of the given layer, g, primarily indicative of checking the correct number of subsamples in composite NrComposites is the number of subsamples included in the composite for each soil layer CorerVolume is a constant of 107.5 cm3 because only one type of corer was used for undisturbed, volumetric sampling CompositeVolume is the volume of the composite sample for each soil depth layer CoarseFractionMass is the dry mass, g of soil particles > 2mm that did not pass the sieve, but were included in the sample volume FE_DryMass is oven-dry mass, g of the fine fraction that passed the 2 mm sieve. BDtot is total bulk density, g m-3, calculated for the composite sample BDfe is the bulk density of the fine earth fraction, g m-3 OC_adj is organic carbon (OC) content (%) in the composite sample, adjusted according to the comparison between dry and wet oxidation methods (Fig. 1) SOCfe is SOC stock calculated for soil fine earth fraction, t ha-1 in the 10 cm deep soil layer SOCfe_stoniness is SOC stock of the fine earth fraction, t ha-1 in the 10 cm deep soil layer, adjusted for stoniness. The correction assumes that the volume occupied by larger stones would be void of OC.    Litter stock data File: “Litter_Ethiopia_2017-2018.csv” The file includes measurements of litter layer on Ethiopian NFI Sampling Unit (SU) sites where sampling for SOC stock determination was done. The depth of the litter layer was measured in the SU’s of the NFI, and this data contains in addition to depth also a volumetric sample of the litter layer. The dry bulk density was used to calculate the carbon stocks in the litter pool.   The depth of the litter layer was measured in the field. Litter from the respective spot was sampled quantitatively from a frame of 0.01m2 of area for litter dry mass estimate. The organic C stock in a litter (L) was calculated as,   \(L = {M\over z} * {C_{om}\over A}, \)   where M = Dry mass of the litter sample, g z = Depth of the litter layer in the field, m Com = Conversion factor from dry organic matter to carbon (C), 0.5 A = area of quantitative collection of litter (0.01 m2)   In the .csv file individual columns are for LAT, LON is the GPS coordinates (decimal degrees of WGS84) for the Sampling Units (SU_ID) SU_ID is the Sampling Unit identification number of the Ethiopian NFI FieldCode refers to the Region and Sampling Unit number of the Ethiopian NFI (see below) Region is the name of the administrative region where the sample was taken Litter_dry is the dry mass, g of the litter sample Area_m2 is the area, m2 of litter sampling MeanLitterDepth is the mean depth of the litter layer at the sampling area CDensityLitter is the dry bulk density of the litter, g m-2 multiplied by the assumed organic C proportion of the oven-dry litter materials (0.50) LitterCStock_tha is the litter stock, t ha-1 calculated from the C density of the litter layer   Litter bag data (decomposition and quality) The leaves and twigs were sampled from 2 species (Juniperus and Podocarpus) and 3 locations of the elevation gradient in the Chilimo forest (Table 1). The forest was considered an old-growth with Juniperus procera and Podocarpus falcatusbeing the main species forming the tree canopy. The sites form an elevation gradient (Table 1).   Table 1. Geographical locations of the study sites in the Chilimo forest.   <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> id </td> <td> Latitude (deg.) </td> <td> Longitude (deg.) </td> <td> Elevation (m a.s.l) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 1 </td> <td> 9.0672 </td> <td> 38.1443 </td> <td> 2500 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 2 </td> <td> 9.0712 </td> <td> 38.1556 </td> <td> 2670 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 3 </td> <td> 9.0869 </td> <td> 38.1684 </td> <td> 2800 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   The dying and dead leaves were sampled directly from the trees later referred to as “fresh” and from the branches found on the ground, referred to as “old”. The old leaves were assumed to be dead for around 3 months. The diameter of the branches/twigs was less than 1 cm in diameter. The samples were first sorted and air-dried in an elevated temperature of the greenhouse and thereafter oven-dried in the oven overnight at 45 °C.  The samples were analyzed for acid, water, ethanol dissolved,and undissolved fractions (AWEN) (Table 2) and for the decomposition rates of the litter installed into the litter bags corresponding to each of the Chilimo sites.    Table 2. Acid, water, ethanol (A, W, E, respectively) dissolved and undissolved fractions (N) from the litter components of the dominant tree species in the Chilimo forest. <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> Litter type </td> <td> Species </td> <td> A </td> <td> W </td> <td> E </td> <td> N </td> </tr> <tr> <td> leaves fresh </td> <td> Juniperus  </td> <td> 0.45 </td> <td> 0.13 </td> <td> 0.1 </td> <td> 0.33 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> leaves fresh </td> <td> Podocarpus  </td> <td> 0.42 </td> <td> 0.28 </td> <td> 0.05 </td> <td> 0.25 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> leaves old </td> <td> Juniperus  </td> <td> 0.44 </td> <td> 0.07 </td> <td> 0.08 </td> <td> 0.41 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> leaves old </td> <td> Podocarpus  </td> <td> 0.44 </td> <td> 0.09 </td> <td> 0.05 </td> <td> 0.42 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> twigs </td> <td> Juniperus  </td> <td> 0.61 </td> <td> 0.04 </td> <td> 0.02 </td> <td> 0.32 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> twigs </td> <td> Podocarpus  </td> <td> 0.56 </td> <td> 0.15 </td> <td> 0.02 </td> <td> 0.27 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   A sufficient amount of litter was placed into the litter bags (polyurethane mesh 1 mm) and the mesh bags were installed on top of the soil surface under the forest canopy (later referred to as “canopy”) and in the forest gap caused by harvesting (later referred as “open”). The installation of the litter bags (for each species 3 replicates of each litter type for each site and canopy type for the 3 periods, in total 12 litter bags for leaves and 6 bags for twigs) was done on 22.9.2017. The mesh bags were left on the ground, protected from grazing by the fence, and retrieved subsequently on 12.10.2017, 31.10.2017, and 12.12.2017. Despite the efforts took few samples were lost. The retrieved samples were oven-dried and initial mass and mass loss data for each period and litter type with a detailed description of the variables can be found in the file “litter.chilimo_07.02.22.xlsx”.   Soil temperature data During the period from 22.9.2017 to 12.12.2017, we monitored the soil temperature at 5 cm depth under the canopy and in the open canopy on all Chilimo sites continuously every 4 hours intervals with the Maxim iButton temperature loggers. However, some sensors were lost. Daily means and their standard deviation of the continuous temperatures can be found in the file “soil.temp.chilimo_07.02.22.xlsx”.   Processed weather data The air temperature and precipitation data for 98 sampling units corresponding to soil carbon data originated from 73 weather stations located across Ethiopia and were obtained from Ethiopian Meteorological Agency (http://www.ethiomet.gov.et/). Sampling units were joined with weather data by the closest proximity to their corresponding weather stations. Precipitation was unaltered. The air temperature required correction by elevation is described in more detail in Lehtonen et al. (2020). The monthly values of air temperature and precipitation with an accompanied readme description of the variables can be found for 98 sampling units in the file “sampling.units98_meteo_07.02.22.xlsx” and the Chilimo study sites in the file “monthly.weather.chilimo_07.02.22.xlsx”. The monthly values in the file "sampling.units98_meteo_07.02.22.xlsx" correspond to long-term average over the period from 1986 to 2017.     References:   Lehtonen, A., Ťupek, B., Nieminen, T.M., Balázs, A., Anjulo, A., Teshome, M., Tiruneh, Y. and Alm, J., 2020. Soil carbon stocks in Ethiopian forests and estimations of their future development under different forest use scenarios. Land Degradation & Development, 31(18), pp.2763-2774.   FRL 2017. https://redd.unfccc.int/files/ethiopia_frel_3.2_final_modified_submission.pdf

Great Britain (GB) Domestic Electricity Usage by Low Carbon Technology by Season

Important: As an research not-for-profit organisation, if you found this dataset useful we would appreciate your time in filling out <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfqCAoQt4AzuGH8Th5tJjnkGP956Fgc6O8T6wJaM7Nhd_nRdg/viewform?usp=pp_url&entry.1276408097=10.5281/zenodo.6576108">this short survey</a>.   This dataset contains 3 aggregate datasets from the electricity smart meter data of over 25,000 customers in Great Britain (GB) from March 2021 - March 2022. For each consumer, we know (via a survey) what low carbon technologies (LCTs) they own. The potential LCT options are: Solar PV, Heat Pump (Air Source, or Ground Source), Electric Vehicle, Battery, Electric Storage Heaters. For simplicity, this dataset contains only customers with one type of LCT (with the exception of Solar PV, where we include Solar PV + Battery customers as is common in GB). We do not include customers with multiple LCTs (for example home battery + EV) We include quantiles of usage for each half hour (the "profile") for each type of LCT ownership "archetype", both overall (when season=None) and by season. As is common in the literature, we normalise by the square meterage of the house using open EPC data in GB (https://epc.opendatacommunities.org/) to get the watt hours per square meter. You can also find the raw, unnormalised, kwh values by quantile in this release. These two datasets have the quantiles for each half hour period. In addition, we release the daily quantiles of electricity consumption, in kwh per square meterage, by LCT type. In summary the data we are releasing, aggregated over 25,000 customers over 1 year of usage from March 2021 - March 2020 is: <ul> <li>daily_elec_consumption_quantiles_by_lct_ownership.csv - The daily quantiles of usage [kWh/m2] by LCT</li> <li>lct_elec_consumption_profiles.csv - The half hourly quantiles of usage [Wh/m2] by LCT by season</li> <li>lct_elec_consumption_profiles_kwh.csv - The half hourly quantiles of usage [kWh] by LCT by season</li> </ul> We believe this data will be useful for modelling efforts, as customers with different types of LCTs use energy at different times of the day, and by different amounts daily. By releasing this data openly, we hope forecasting scenarios for the future energy system are more accurate. We have a supporting blog post on our website at https://www.centrefornetzero.org/res/lessons-from-early-adopters-electricity-consumption-profiles/.

Global Plantation Forest Carbon database

This project systematically reviewed the literature for measurements of aboveground carbon stocks in monoculture plantation forests. The data compiled here are for monoculture (single-species) plantation forests, which are a subset of a broader review to identify empirical measurements of carbon stocks across all forest types. The database is structured similarly to that of the ForC (<a href="https://forc-db.github.io/">https://forc-db.github.io/</a>) and GROA databases (https://github.com/forc-db/GROA). When using these data, please cite: Bukoski, J.J., Cook-Patton, S.C., Melikov, C., Ban, H., Liu, J.C., Harris, N., Goldman, E., and Potts, M.D. 2022. Rates and drivers of aboveground carbon accumulation in global monoculture plantation forests. Nature Communications 13(4206). doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31380-7

Variability in the global ocean carbon sink from 1959-2020 by correcting models with observations (LDEO-HPD)

* The latest versions of this dataset are maintained and available here: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7901433">https://zenodo.org/record/7901433</a> * The ocean reduces human impact on the climate by absorbing and sequestering CO2. From 1950s to the 1980s, observations of pCO2 and related ocean carbon variables were sparse and uncertain. Thus, global ocean biogeochemical models (GOBMs) have been the basis for quantifying the ocean carbon sink. The LDEO-Hybrid Physics Data product (LDEO-HPD) interpolates sparse surface ocean pCO2 data to global coverage by using GOBMs as priors, applying machine learning to estimate full-coverage corrections. The largest component of the GOBM corrections are climatological. This is consistent with recent findings of large seasonal discrepancies in GOBMs, but contrasts the long-held view that interannual variability is a major source of GOBM error. This supports extension of the LDEO-HPD pCO2 product back to 1959, using a climatology of model-observation misfits prior to 1982. Consistent with previous studies for 1980 onward, air-sea CO2 fluxes for 1959-2020 demonstrate response to atmospheric pCO2 growth and volcanic eruptions. This data is the final reconstruction of air-sea CO2 fluxes for 1959-2020 using the mean pCO2 from the corrected models. Both annual flux time series and spatially explicit fluxes are included. RIVERINE CARBON EFFLUX ADJUSTMENTS ARE NOT INCLUDED WITHIN THESE FILES. File metadata provides units.

Underlying Data for Manuscript titled "Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Dairy Waste: Effect of Temperature and Initial Acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products"

The embodied files include the raw data and initial calculations used to generate the extended data for Manuscript titled "Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Dairy Waste: Effect of Temperature and Initial Acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products". The files include calculations for Phosphorus Recovery from Hydrochar, as well as Heavy Metals Fractions retrieved by the hydrochar (solid product of Hydrothermal Carbonization).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Data associated with the publication "Interannual variability in the Australian carbon cycle over 2015-2019, based on assimilation of OCO-2 satellite data".

This dataset refers to the publication "Interannual variability in the Australian carbon cycle over 2015-2019, based on assimilation of OCO-2 satellite data". https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-15.

ODP Site 807 benthic foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotopes during the early Pleistocene

The early Pleistocene benthic isotopic data of ODP 807 generated by this study are available.

Soil carbon and nitrogen stock data for dominant geomorphological terrain units in Qarlikturvik Valley, Bylot Island, Arctic Canada

Dataset for the manuscript 'The distribution of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks among dominant geomorphological terrain units in Qarlikturvik Valley, Bylot Island, Arctic Canada.' to appear in the 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences'.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Raw data for the journal article "Cracks as efficient tools to mitigate flooding in gas diffusion electrodes used for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide"

This data set corresponds to the article by Kong et al. entitled "Cracks as efficient tools to mitigate flooding in gas diffusion electrodes used for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide", published in Small Methods

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Data for 'Microbial carbon use efficiency along an altitudinal gradient'

This dataset is related to the manuscript “Microbial carbon use efficiency along an altitudinal gradient“ by Kevin Mganga, Outi-Maaria Sietiö, Nele Meyer, Christopher Poeplau, Sylwia Adamczyk, Christina Biasi, Subin Kalu, Matti Räsänen, Per Ambus, Hannu Fritze, Petri Pellikka, and Kristiina Karhu. Corresponding author: Outi-Maaria Sietiö (<a href="mailto:outi-maaria.sietio@helsinki.fi">outi-maaria.sietio@helsinki.fi</a>)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Processing and Data for "Estimating ocean net primary productivity from daily cycles of carbon biomass measured by profiling floats"

Description: These files contain processed BGC-Argo float data, figure data, the radiocarbon productivity subset, bootstrapping results, and the associated Python/Matlab code to calculate net primary productivity from daily cycles of optical backscatter and dissolved oxygen. The raw float data used in this study are available from the Argo Global Data Assembly Centers in Brest, France (ftp://ftp.ifremer.fr/ifremer/argo/dac/coriolis) and Monterey, California (ftp://usgodae.org/pub/outgoing/argo/dac/coriolis). The raw MODIS satellite-based productivity data is available from the Oregon State University Ocean Productivity site (<a href="http://orca.science.oregonstate.edu/npp_products.php">http://orca.science.oregonstate.edu/npp_products.php</a>). The raw MODIS satellite-based euphotic depth estimates are available from the NASA L3 browser (<a href="https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/l3/">https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/l3/</a>). The original ship-based estimates of net primary productivity are available from the Pangaea (<a href="https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.932417">https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.932417</a>) and the British Oceanography Data Centre (<a href="https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/814803">https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/814803</a>). Please cite as: Stoer, A., and Fennel, K. 2022. Processing and Data for Estimating ocean net primary productivity from daily cycles of carbon biomass measured by profiling floats. Zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6977161. Python/MATLAB Software Description:  dielFit_GOPeqCR.m: This code is from Johnson and Bif (2021). We have added outputs for standard errors for linear and PvE models and sunrise/sunset times. To run this code with the associated Python software a MATLAB engine needs to be installed. Please see: <a href="https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/matlab-engine-for-python.html">https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/matlab-engine-for-python.html</a> argo_so_processing_20220815.py: This code is the first of two pieces of software for estimating net primary productivity from floats in the Southern Ocean. The program below obtains the data from the BGC Argo database (Argo, 2021) and processes it. Simple data quality control, interpolation, biogeochemical calculations, and data binning occur. The processed float data is located in the folder 'Processed Argo Transects'. argo_daily_npp_20220815.py: This code using processed Argo float data that contains oxygen and particle backscatter measurements  to infer net primary production. The code combines the float that meet the criteria of sampling at all local hours of the day throughout its lifetime. Then, it constructs diel cycles from this data by finding the median value of each hour and uses the code from Johnson and Bif (2021), which is a modified version from Barone et al. (2019). The algorithm used to convert particle backscatter to particulate organic carbon is from Graff et al. (2015). We assume that dissolved primary productivity accounts for 30% of total primary productivity (Moran et al., 2022). argo_daily_npp_bootstrap_20220815.py: This code using processed Argo float data that contains co-located oxygen and particle backscatter measurements to infer net primary production. This code is very similar to argo_daily_npp_20220815.py but randomly samples a subset of the co-located profiles at different sample sizes before calculating net primary productivity. Productivity is calculated at each sample size 1000 times. The results of this analysis is located in the folder 'Bootstrapped Results'.  More details can be found in the code itself.  Data Descriptions:  Data from 'Processed Argo Transects' Folder | Description for each variable <table><tbody><tr> <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Units</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>depth</td> <td>Average depth of depth bin</td> <td>m</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mid_depth</td> <td>Center of depth bin</td> <td>m</td> </tr> <tr> <td>pressure</td> <td>Average pressure in depth bin</td> <td>dbar</td> </tr> <tr> <td>profile_index</td> <td>Profile number or index</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>profile_longitude</td> <td>Average longitude of profile</td> <td>degE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>profile_latitude</td> <td>Average latitude of profile</td> <td>degN</td> </tr> <tr> <td>profile_time</td> <td>Average UTC time of profile</td> <td>yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss</td> </tr> <tr> <td>profile_local_time</td> <td>Average local time of profile</td> <td>yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss</td> </tr> <tr> <td>profile_local_hour</td> <td>The hour of the local timestamp</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>salinity</td> <td>Seawater salinity</td> <td>PSU</td> </tr> <tr> <td>temperature </td> <td>Seawater temperature</td> <td>degC</td> </tr> <tr> <td>oxygen</td> <td>Dissolved oxygen concentration</td> <td>umol kg-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>oxygen_saturation</td> <td>Saturated dissolved oxygen concentration calculated from the Garcia and Gordon (1992) equation.</td> <td>umol kg-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>oxygen_anom</td> <td>The difference between observed dissolved oxygen concentration and saturated oxygen </td> <td>umol kg-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bbp470</td> <td>Optical backscatter coefficient at 470 nm. Particulate organic carbon is calculated in argo_daily_npp_20220815.py</td> <td>m-1</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Units</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>wmo</td> <td>WMO number of float</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>profile_index</td> <td>Profile index or profile number taken by float</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>profile_latitude</td> <td>Average profile latitude</td> <td>degN</td> </tr> <tr> <td>profile_longitude</td> <td>Average profile longitude</td> <td>degE</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>             <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Units</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>fod</td> <td>Fraction of day</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>oxy</td> <td>Sinusoidal curve fit to oxygen</td> <td>mol m-3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>poc</td> <td>Sinusoidal curve fit to particulate organic carbon</td> <td>mol m-3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>oxy_med</td> <td>Hourly median oxygen</td> <td>mol m-3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>oxy_sem</td> <td>Hourly standard error of oxygen</td> <td>mol m-3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>poc_med</td> <td>Hourly median particulate organic carbon</td> <td>mol m-3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>poc_sem</td> <td>Hourly standard error of particulate organic carbon</td> <td>mol m-3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>region</td> <td>Name of data subset (e.g., 30-40 deg N, co-located)</td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>                 <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Units</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>region</td> <td>Name of data subset (e.g., 30-40 deg N) </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>depth</td> <td>Depth of profile</td> <td>m</td> </tr> <tr> <td>zeu</td> <td>1% euphotic depth from Lee et al. (2013) algorithm from NASA (2022) L3 satellite products. </td> <td>m</td> </tr> <tr> <td>n_profiles_bpp</td> <td>Number of backscatter profiles</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>n_profiles_oxy</td> <td>Number of oxygen profiles</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>n_floats_bbp</td> <td>Number of floats with backscatter measurements</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>n_floats_oxy</td> <td>Number of floats with oxygen measurements</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>gop_do</td> <td>Gross oxygen productivity estimated from dissolved oxygen</td> <td>mol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gop_do_serr</td> <td>Standard error of gross oxygen productivity estimated from dissolved oxygen</td> <td>mol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gop_do_p</td> <td>p-value of curve fit to hourly oxygen data</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>gop_do_r2</td> <td>r-squared value of curve to hourly oxygen data</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>oxy_sr</td> <td>The calculated sunrise time as a fraction of the day</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>oxy_ss</td> <td>The calculated sunset time as a fraction of the day</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>gpp_bbp</td> <td>Gross carbon productivity estimated from optical backscatter</td> <td>mol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gpp_bbp_serr</td> <td>Standard error of gross carbon productivity estimated from optical backscatter</td> <td>mol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gop_do_p</td> <td>p-value of curve fit to hourly particulate organic carbon data</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>gop_do_r2</td> <td>r-squared value of curve to hourly particulate organic carbon data</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>gop_bbp</td> <td>Gross oxygen productivity calculated from gross carbon productivity (gpp_bbp)</td> <td>mol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gop_bbp_serr</td> <td>Standard error of gross oxygen productivity calculated from gross carbon productivity (gpp_bbp_serr)</td> <td>mol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>npp_bbp</td> <td>Net primary productivity calculated from backscatter-based gross oxygen productivity (gop_bbp)</td> <td>mol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>npp_bbp_serr</td> <td>Standard error of net primary productivity calculated from backscatter-based gross oxygen productivity (gop_bbp_serr)</td> <td>mol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>npp_do</td> <td>Net primary productivity calculated from oxygen-based gross oxygen productivity (gop_do)</td> <td>mol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>npp_do_serr</td> <td>Standard error of net primary productivity calculated from oxygen-based gross oxygen productivity (gop_do_serr)</td> <td>mol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> </table> Data for Fig. S1 | Description for number_of_bbp_profiles_in_each_year.csv and number_of_oxy_profiles_in_each_year.csv <table><tbody><tr> <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Units</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>year</td> <td>Year</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>bbp470</td> <td>Number of backscatter profiles</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>oxygen_anom</td> <td>Number of oxygen profiles</td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> </table> <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Units</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>mid_depth</td> <td>Depth of NPP profile</td> <td>m</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mean</td> <td>Mean volumetric 14C-NPP at depth</td> <td>mmol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>median</td> <td>Median volumetric 14C-NPP at depth</td> <td>mmol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>min</td> <td>Minimum volumetric 14C-NPP at depth</td> <td>mmol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>maximum</td> <td>Maximum volumetric 14C-NPP</td> <td>mmol m-3 yr-1</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>             <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Units</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>subset</td> <td>Number of profiles randomly sampled from the co-located dataset</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>int_npp_do</td> <td>Euphotic-depth-integrated net primary productivity calculated from oxygen-based gross oxygen productivity</td> <td>mol m-2 y-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int_npp_bbp</td> <td>Euphotic-depth-integrated net primary productivity calculated from backscatter-based gross oxygen productivity</td> <td>mol m-2 y-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gop_do_r2</td> <td>R-squared of the sinusoidal curve to the diel cycle of oxygen anomaly</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>gpp_bbp_r2</td> <td>R-squared of sinusoidal curve to the diel cycle of particulate organic carbon</td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>                   <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Units</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>ROSE</td> <td>Topographic (negative values are below sea level)</td> <td>m</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ETOPO05_Y</td> <td>Latitude</td> <td>degN</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ETOPO05_X</td> <td>Longitude</td> <td>degE</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>                 <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Units</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>database</td> <td>Database the data was extracted from</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Month</td> <td>Month of NPP measurement</td> <td>month of year</td> </tr> <tr> <td>npp_14c</td> <td>Net primary productivity estimated from the radiocarbon method</td> <td>mmol m-3 y-1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>depth</td> <td>depth of 14C-NPP measurement</td> <td>m</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> </table>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Factors to predict above-ground biomass carbon carrying capacity

The climate data (Mean annual temperature (°C, MAT), mean annual precipitation (mm, MAP), annually accumulated temperature with days ≥ 0°C (°C-days, AAT0), annually accumulated temperature with days ≥ 10°C (°C-days, AAT10), aridity index, and humidity index ), soil properties (soil texture and soil types) and DEM are available from the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (https://www.resdc.cn/); The geological elements and hydrological elements data can be found at http://dcc.ngac.org.cn/geologicalData/rest/geologicalData/geologicalDataDetail/402881f75d9bc077015d9bc084160000and https://www.webmap.cn/commres.do?method=result25W; The geomorphology data set is provided by National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (http://data.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans/data/63e290d7-7087-462a-acac-50195fba530b/). All data were resampled at 500m resolution.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Black Carbon as residuals of monsoon clouds

This data set is obtained from an aircraft campaign Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) conducted over the Indian subcontinent to measure cloud and aerosol properties. Data presented in the paper Black Carbon as residuals of monsoon clouds can be found. The data consist of in-cloud and ambient atmosphere Black Carbon measurements and cloud properties.  The data set consists of the following: 1. Mean Aerosol Size Distribution (#/cm**3 ) below cloud base 2. Temperature (°C ), Total Droplet Concentration (#/cm*3 ), Refrectrory Black Carbon (rBC) concentration (#/cm*3 ) 3. rBC mixing state data 4. Data for Figure1, rBC inside the cloud and ambient atmosphere (#/cm**3 ). 5. Mean Relative Humidity (%) and coating thickness (nm) with standard deviations. 6. Scattering Inacasdence Ratio- Scattering Incasdance Time_ Coating thickness 7. Statistics of small drop, mid and large drop concentrations (#/cm**3 )

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Data to support the publication "Impact of agricultural management on soil aggregates and associated organic carbon fractions: Analysis of long-term experiments in Europe"

Raw data: Experimental plot ids and information, mass distribution of all aggregate fractions after wet sieving, Sand content of each fraction to conduct the sand correction, mass distribution of all fractions after isolating the micro-aggregates held within the macroaggregates, yields per treatment, carbon content per fraction (raw data) All data per plot: SOC content, MAOM and POM content of each fraction presented in the fractionation scheme included in the manuscript, together with the mass of the relative fractions.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Data on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus forms in a north temperate river, Rivière du Nord, Québec, Canada, from 2017 to 2019

The Rivière du Nord was sampled at 13 sites along its mainstem once per season from summer 2017 to winter 2020. Sites are numbered by river kilometer (RKm) with the outlet being RKm 0. The dataset includes concentrations (ug/L or mg/L as noted) of total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, total nitrogen, total dissolved nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus. It also includes fluorescence metrics derived from PARAFAC EEMs: fluorescence intensities (in Raman units) of 5 dissolved organic matter components (C1-C5), and 5 indices (SUVA-254, CDOM, FI, b:a, HIX). We sampled an additional 12 sites to act as endmembers (5 mainly forested sites, 5 mainly agricultural sites, and 2 wastewater treatment plant measures). Data were used to calculate C:N:P stoichiometry in the paper "Different forms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus influence ecosystem stoichiometry in a north temperate river across seasons and land uses" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11960">https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11960</a>). Data were used to quantify changes in organic matter composition in the paper "Contrasting seasons and land uses alter riverine dissolved organic matter composition" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00979-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00979-9</a>).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2017View details →

Data set for the paper: Intercomparison of ocean colour algorithms for picophytoplankton carbon in the ocean

This dataset contains the phytoplankton carbon,Cphy, obtained from in situ counts of phytoplankton cells using ow cytometry presented in the paper [13]. The location and time of the samples have been matched with the satelllite data in the Ocean  Colour Climate Change Initiative (OCCCI) dataset. This dataset is the match between the in situ Cphy and the products from using the OCCCI inputs (i.e. chlorophyll concentration, backscattering coecient, phytoplankton absorption) with 6 different algorithms. This document describes the dataset details: data sources, computation of Cphy, selected data.