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FIGURE 8 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 8. Type specimens of S. purpurascens: lectotype m (A) and paralectotype f (B); S. planum: lectotype m (C) and paralectotype f (D); S. macrophallicum: holotype m (E) and allotype f (F); S. minimum lectotype m (G); S. affine lecototype m (H) (Scale bars = 1cm).

FIGURES 3–4. Klimeschiopsis spp., male genitalia. 3. K in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURES 3–4. Klimeschiopsis spp., male genitalia. 3. K. arnoldfransorum sp. nov., holotype (gen. slide GEL 1350 ♁ P. Huemer); 4. K. terroris (gen. slide 3411 H. Hendriksen); scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 1–2. Klimeschiopsis spp., adults. 1. K in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURES 1–2. Klimeschiopsis spp., adults. 1. K. arnoldfransorum sp. nov., adult, paratype, female; 2. K. terroris, female; scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURE 7. Klimeschiopsis arnoldfransorum sp. nov., female genitalia, paratype (gen. slide 02/1155 ♀ P. Huemer); scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 5–6 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURES 5–6. Klimeschiopsis spp., male genitalia, details of valva-vinculum-complex. 5. K. arnoldfransorum sp. nov., holotype (gen. slide GEL 1350 ♁ P. Huemer); 6. K. terroris (gen. slide 3411 H. Hendriksen); scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 11–12 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURES 11–12. Klimeschiopsis spp., female genitalia, details of signum. 11. K. arnoldfransorum sp. nov., paratype (gen. slide 02/1155 ♀ P. Huemer); 12. K. terroris (gen. slide GEL 1075 ♀ P. Huemer); scale bar = 0.4 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURE 8. Klimeschiopsis terroris, female genitalia (gen. slide GEL 1075 ♀ P. Huemer); scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 9–10 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURES 9–10. Klimeschiopsis spp., female genitalia, details of segment VIII. 9. K. arnoldfransorum sp. nov., paratype (gen. slide 02/1155 ♀ P. Huemer); 10. K. terroris (gen. slide GEL 1075 ♀ P. Huemer); scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13 in Klimeschiopsis terroris auctt. from Spain-a further case of cryptic diversity in European Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae)

FIGURE 13. Neighbor-Joining tree of Klimeschiopsis spp. (Kimura 2-parameter, built with MEGA X (Kumar et al. 2018); Caryocolum leucomelanella (Zeller, 1839) as outgroup). Source: DNA Barcode data from BOLD (Barcode of Life Database; Ratnasingham 2018).

opennotspecifiedJul 2015View details →

Figure 1 in Cryptic diversity of Italian bats and the role of the Apennine refugium in the phylogeography of the western Palaearctic

Figure 1. Minimum (pmin, light) and maximum (pmax, dark) genetic distances of mitochondrial sequence marker detected between bat populations from Italy and the rest of their western Palaearctic ranges measured as uncorrected p-distances. Species codes are as follows: MSC, Miniopterus schreibersii; MAL, Myotis alcathoe; NLE, Nyctalus leisleri; PKU, Pipistrellus kuhlii; REU, Rhinolophus euryale; MEM, Myotis emarginatus; RFE, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum; TTE, Tadarida teniotis; MMS, Myotis mystacinus; PAU, Plecotus auritus; PPI I, Pipistrellus pipistrellus clade I; ESE, Eptesicus serotinus; BBA, Barbastella barbastellus; HSA, Hypsugo savii; MDA, Myotis daubentonii; MBR, Myotis brandtii; MPU, Myotis punicus; MCA, Myotis capaccinii; MMY, Myotis myotis/blythii; MNA I, Myotis nattereri clade I; PPI II, Pipistrellus pipistrellus clade II; MBE, Myotis bechsteinii; MNA II, Myotis nattereri clade II (see also Fig. 2).

Fig. 6 in Unraveling the Myotis morass: ultraconserved-element analysis reveals introgression, cryptic diversity, and taxonomic trouble

Fig. 6. Proposed Introgression Pathways identified using quartet asymmetry tests. Sixty-three quartets indicated significant deviation from expectations under incomplete lineage sorting. Pathways are identified by letters with number of supporting quartets in parentheses. Branch lengths are time-calibrated as in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 in Unraveling the Myotis morass: ultraconserved-element analysis reveals introgression, cryptic diversity, and taxonomic trouble

Fig. 5. Measures of population structure and diversity of the Nearctic Myotis species. (A) ASTRAL_I tree constructed from 2,615 UCE gene trees—dots indicate posterior probability (red> 0.9, blue = 1). (B) Principal component analysis of SNP loci from the UCE sequences—inset in B illustrates the amount of variance explained by PCs 1 to 11. (C) Map of sample collection locations. (D) Neighbor-joining tree constructed from SNPS. Colors in B–D are the same for each individual and are based on the first 3 components of the principal component analysis. Samples marked by * in A and D are individuals with discordant positions on the trees and are discussed further in the text.

Fig. 4 in Unraveling the Myotis morass: ultraconserved-element analysis reveals introgression, cryptic diversity, and taxonomic trouble

Fig. 4. Measures of population structure and diversity of the Neotropical "ruber group." (A) ASTRAL_I tree constructed from 2,615 UCE gene trees—dots indicate posterior probability (red> 0.9, blue = 1). (B) Principal component analysis of SNP loci from the UCE sequences—inset in B illustrates the amount of variance explained by PCs 1 to 11. (C) Map of sample collection locations. (D) Neighbor-joining tree constructed from SNPs. Colors in B–D are the same for each individual and are based on the first 3 components of the principal component analysis.

Fig. 3 in Unraveling the Myotis morass: ultraconserved-element analysis reveals introgression, cryptic diversity, and taxonomic trouble

Fig. 3. Measures of population structure and diversity of Neotropical "albescens group." (A) ASTRAL_I tree constructed from 2,615 UCE gene trees—dots indicate posterior probability (red> 0.9, blue = 1). (B) Principal component analysis of SNP loci from the UCE sequences—inset in B illustrates the amount of variance explained by PCs 1 to 11. (C) Map of sample collection locations. (D) Neighbor-joining tree constructed from SNPs. Colors in B–D are the same for each individual and are based on the first 3 components of the principal component analysis. Individuals indicated with colored symbols in A and D are individuals with discordant positions on the trees and are discussed further in the text.

Fig. 1 in Unraveling the Myotis morass: ultraconserved-element analysis reveals introgression, cryptic diversity, and taxonomic trouble

Fig. 1. (A) Myotis ASTRAL_S species tree inferred from 2,615 UCE gene trees. Pie charts show the percentage of trees supporting each of 3 possible quartet topologies. All branches received posterior probabilities> 0.90. All others indicated with dots. Colored bars on the right of the tree show

Fig. 2 in Unraveling the Myotis morass: ultraconserved-element analysis reveals introgression, cryptic diversity, and taxonomic trouble

Fig. 2. Comparison of tree conflict by marker for 3 broad phylogeographic Myotis groups: (A) Nearctic group; (B) Neotropical "albescens group"; (C) Neotropical "ruber group." This is a subset of individuals shown in Fig. 1A. For each group, the left tree displays the ASTRAL_I UCE phylogeny while the right displays the maximum likelihood Cyt b phylogeny. The same individuals are shown in each tree pair. Lines between trees denote notable topological differences between markers. Colors for highlighting by species are an approximated average color for that species as determined by the first 3 components of the PCAs shown in Figs. 3–5.

Figure 4 in Overlooked cryptic diversity in Muschampia (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) adds two species to the European butterfly fauna

Figure 4. Comparison of spatial distributions of diversity for ITS2, COI and morphology of the male genitalia. A, C, E, the specimens have been projected in the red–green–blue colour space, and the resulting colours were plotted in pie charts grouping specimens from the same 2° × 2° latitude–longitude squares (maps on the left). B, D, F, representations of principal coordinates analyses based on dissimilarity matrices for genetic markers and of partial least squares discriminant analysis for male genitalia (circles, Muschampia alta; squares, Muschampia proto; triangles, Muschampia proteides).

Figure 3 in Overlooked cryptic diversity in Muschampia (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) adds two species to the European butterfly fauna

Figure 3. Geometric morphometrics of male genitalia. A, the location of fixed landmarks (filled circles) and sliding semilandmarks (open circles) on the cucullus (red) and gnathos (green). B, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) results, showing specimens of the three species as dots of different colours and the relative warp (RW) scores as dotted lines (Cuc, cucullus; Gn, gnathos). C, thin plate splines representing deformations corresponding to the average values shown by the three species in the relative warps selected by PLSDA as those most involved in the discrimination of the groups.

Figure 2. A in Overlooked cryptic diversity in Muschampia (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) adds two species to the European butterfly fauna

Figure 2. A, phylogenetic tree based on ITS2 data obtained through Bayesian inference. Posterior probabilities> 0.7 are indicated. Scale units are presented in substitutions per site. For each sample, boxes are filled if the genitalia were measured and/or the COI gene was sequenced. B, COI gene tree obtained through Bayesian inference, with the main groups collapsed. The x-axis indicates time (in millions of years), and the blue bars show the 95% highest posterior density range for the posterior distribution of node ages.

Figure 1 in Overlooked cryptic diversity in Muschampia (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) adds two species to the European butterfly fauna

Figure 1. Sampling sites (symbols) and the approximate range (shading) of the species recognized in this study (green squares, Muschampia proto; blue circles, Muschampia alta; red triangles Muschampia proteides). Photograph: M. proto from Jaén (southern Iberia) by V.D.