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Fig. 7 in A novel form of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in a sauropod dinosaur: Implications for the paleobiology of Rebbachisauridae

Fig. 7. Cervical vertebrae of rebbachisaurid sauropod Katepensaurus goicoecheai Ibiricu, Casal, Martínez, Lamanna, Luna, and Salgado, 2013a from the Cenomanian–Turonian Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. A. UNPSJB-PV 1007/1, anterior cervical vertebra in anterior (A1) and right ventrolateral (A2) views. B. UNPSJB-PV 1007/2, anterior cervical vertebra in right lateral view. C. UNPSJB-PV 1007/3, middle cervical vertebra in right lateral view. Lateral fossae of the centrum (hypothesized as pneumatic in origin) indicated by arrows.

Fig. 9 in A novel form of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in a sauropod dinosaur: Implications for the paleobiology of Rebbachisauridae

Fig. 9. Comparison of the reconstructed pulmonary systems of the sauropod clades Rebbachisauridae (Diplodocoidea) and Saltasaurinae (Titanosauria) in right lateral view. A. Reconstructed pulmonary anatomy of a generalized rebbachisaurid. Skeletal reconstruction based largely on Nigersaurus taqueti (Sereno et al. 2007: fig. 3a); pulmonary anatomy based on data presented herein, i.e., hypothesized osteological correlates of pneumaticity described in multiple rebbachisaurids, but primarily Katepensaurus goicoecheai (cervical and dorsal pneumaticity) and Tataouinea hannibalis (sacral, caudal, and pelvic pneumaticity). B. Reconstructed pulmonary anatomy of a saltasaurine (after Cerda et al. 2012: fig. 4a). Color coding of pulmonary structures is as follows: orange, lung; green, cervical air sac system; yellow, clavicular air sac system; blue, abdominal air sac system. Postcranial skeletal elements that are known to have been pneumatized are shown in gray; bones that were either apneumatic or for which this condition is uncertain are in white.

Fig. 1. A in A novel form of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in a sauropod dinosaur: Implications for the paleobiology of Rebbachisauridae

Fig. 1. A. Simplified phylogeny of Diapsida showing position of Rebbachisauridae and both components of the rebbachisaurid Extant Phylogenetic Bracket sensu Witmer 1995 (Crocodylia and Aves). Rectangle indicates absence of postcranial pneumaticity; triangles indicate presence of postcranial pneumaticity. B. Hypothesized osteological correlates of pneumatic and other soft tissue structures in archosaurian vertebrae (based on O'Connor 2006).

Fig. 8 in A novel form of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in a sauropod dinosaur: Implications for the paleobiology of Rebbachisauridae

Fig. 8. Anterior view of anterior caudal vertebrae of rebbachisaurid sauropod Katepensaurus goicoecheai Ibiricu, Casal, Martínez, Lamanna, Luna, and Salgado, 2013a from the Cenomanian–Turonian Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. A. UNPSJB-PV 1007/7. B. UNPSJB-PV 1007/8. Hypothesized pneumatic fossae indicated by arrows.

Fig. 5 in A novel form of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in a sauropod dinosaur: Implications for the paleobiology of Rebbachisauridae

Fig. 5. Computed tomography-based visualizations of middle to posterior dorsal vertebra (UNPSJB-PV 1007/4) of the rebbachisaurid sauropod Katepensaurus goicoecheai Ibiricu, Casal, Martínez, Lamanna, Luna, and Salgado, 2013a from the Cenomanian–Turonian Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. A. Three-dimensional digital model in right posterolateral view. B. Sagittal section (anterior to left) with arrows indicating internal cavities hypothesized as pneumatic structures.

Fig. 6 in A novel form of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in a sauropod dinosaur: Implications for the paleobiology of Rebbachisauridae

Fig. 6. Histology of a dorsal rib (UNPSJB-PV 1007/28) of the holotype of the rebbachisaurid sauropod Katepensaurus goicoecheai Ibiricu, Casal, Martínez, Lamanna, Luna, and Salgado, 2013a from the Cenomanian–Turonian Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. A. Complete cross section of the rib sampled for histology. B. Detail of the dense Haversian bone in the cortex. C. General view of fibrolamellar bone tissue. D. Detail of fibrolamellar bone tissue. Note the abundance of longitudinally oriented vascular spaces in C and D. E. Four of the seven growth marks preserved in the primary bone tissue (indicated by arrowheads).

Fig. 2 in A novel form of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in a sauropod dinosaur: Implications for the paleobiology of Rebbachisauridae

Fig. 2. Dorsal vertebrae of the rebbachisaurid sauropod Katepensaurus goicoecheai Ibiricu, Casal, Martínez, Lamanna, Luna, and Salgado, 2013a from the Cenomanian–Turonian Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. A. UNPSJB-PV 1007/13, partial anterior dorsal vertebra in left lateral view. B. UNPSJB-PV 1007/12, partial anterior to middle dorsal vertebra in dorsal view (B2), detail of right laterodiapophyseal fossa in dorsal view (B1). C. UNPSJB-PV 1007/4, middle or posterior dorsal vertebra in right lateral view (dashed lines indicate approximate margins of laterodiapophyseal fenestra). D. UNPSJB-PV 1007/5, middle or posterior dorsal vertebra in right lateral view (D1), detail of right laterodiapophyseal fenestra in right posterolateral view (D2). Arrows indicate hypothesized pneumatic structures.

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Fig. 2 in New dinosaur egg material from Yunxian, Hubei Province, China resolves the classification of dendroolithid eggs

Fig. 2. Clutches of dendroolithid eggs of Placoolithus tumiaolingensis (Zhou, Ren, Xu, and Guan, 1998) comb. nov. from the Upper Cretaceous of the Tumiaoling outcrop, Yunxian, Hubei Province, China. A. TML 4; A1, general view; A2, the lower eggs; A3, higher egg and egg impressions. B. TML 7. C. TML 9. D. TML 10. E. TML 14; E1, general view; E2, egg groups. Scale bars 20 cm.

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Fig. 1. A, B in New dinosaur egg material from Yunxian, Hubei Province, China resolves the classification of dendroolithid eggs

Fig. 1. A, B. Map of the location of dendroolithid eggs (asterisk) in Yunxian, Hubei Province, China.

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Fig. 4 in New dinosaur egg material from Yunxian, Hubei Province, China resolves the classification of dendroolithid eggs

Fig. 4. Radial thin sections showing variety of dendroolithid eggshell microstructure of Placoolithus tumiaolingensis (Zhou, Ren, Xu, and Guan, 1998) comb. nov. from the Upper Cretaceous of the Tumiaoling outcrop, Yunxian, Hubei Province, China. A. TML 9, few branches. B. TML 10, fasciculate branches. C. TML 4, thinner eggshell. D. Eggshell from TML 4 with the Dendroolithus tumiaolingensis (Zhou, Ren, Xu, and Guan, 1998) microstructure from the Upper Cretaceous of the Tumiaoling outcrop, Yunxian, Hubei Province, China. E. Eggshell from TML 4 with Dendroolithus hongzhaiziensis (Zhou, Ren, Xu, and Guan, 1998) microstructure from the Upper Cretaceous of the Tumiaoling outcrop, Yunxian, Hubei Province, China. F. Eggshell from TML 8 with Paradendroolithus qinglongshanensis (Zhou, Ren, Xu, and Guan, 1998) microstructure from the Upper Cretaceous of the Tumiaoling outcrop, Yunxian, Hubei Province, China. Scale bars 400 μm.

Fig. 9 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 9. Possible tree topologies recovered within the herrerasaur lineage from the MPTs produced in the analyses that used the dataset of Baron et al. 2017a). A. Tree with Caseosaurus crosbyensis inside Herrerasauria forming the sister taxon to Herrerasauridae. B. Tree with all herrerasaurian taxa included within Herrerasauridae, with Staurikosaurus pricei and Saltopus elginensis forming a clade. C. Tree with all herrerasaurian taxa included within Herrerasauridae, with two distinct clades: 1, Herrerasauria defined as the most inclusive clade that includes Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis but not Liliensternus liliensterni and Plateosaurus engelhardti; 2, the most inclusive clade that includes Staurikosaurus pricei but not Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; 3, the most inclusive clade that includes Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis but not Staurikosaurus pricei.

Fig. 1. A in Sauropod dinosaur remains from a new Early Jurassic locality in the Central High Atlas of Morocco

Fig. 1. A. Geological map of the Haute Moulouya Basin, Central High Atlas of Morocco, showing the location of the NHMUK PV R36834 site (based on Saâdi et al. 2012). B. Geographic location of the studied area (asterisk).

Fig. 1 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 1. The holotype of the herrerasaurian dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, Sullivan, and Lockley, 1998 (UMMP 8870) from Tecovas Formation, Crosby County, Texas, USA; Carnian, Late Triassic; right ilium in lateral (A) and medial (B) views.

Fig. 4. A. Strict consensus tree produced from 85 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 4. A. Strict consensus tree produced from 85 MPTs, each of length 1764 steps. B. Reduced strict consensus tree produced from 91 MPTs, each of length 1764, following the removal of the possible chimera Agnosphitys cromhallenesis. For Bremer support values calculated in this analysis for each of the major nodes, see Table 1. Studied specimens in bold.

Fig. 7 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 7. Comparison of the ilia of Caseosaurus crosbyensis Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, Sullivan, and Lockley, 1998 (A, B) and Silesaurus opolensis Dzik, 2003 (C) showing locations of rugosities and lateral ridge/buttress. A. UMMP 8870, right ilium in lateral view. B. NMMNH P-35995, right ilium in lateral view. C. ZPAL AbIII404/1, left ilium in lateral view (reversed).

Fig. 3 in Sauropod dinosaur remains from a new Early Jurassic locality in the Central High Atlas of Morocco

Fig. 3. Line drawings of cervical vertebrae of Eusauropoda indet. (NHMUK PV R36834) from the Early Jurassic of the Haute Moulouya Basin, Morocco. Vertebra 1 (A) and vertebra 2 (B), in right lateral (A, B) and left lateral (A, B), anterior (A, B), posterior (A, B), ventral (A, B), and dorsal (A, B) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 views.

Fig. 8 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 8. Comparison of the ilia of early dinosaurs. A. Buriolestes schultzi. B. Saturnalia tupiniquim. C. Agnosphitys cromhallensis. D. Tawa hallae. E. Coelophysis bauri. F. Lesothosaurus diagnosticus.

Fig. 6. The herrerasaurian dinosauriform Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963 in A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution

Fig. 6. The herrerasaurian dinosauriform Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963 (PVL 2566) from Carnian, Late Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation, Hoyada de Ischigualasto, San Juan Province, Argentina; ilium in lateral view.

Fig. 5 in Sauropod dinosaur remains from a new Early Jurassic locality in the Central High Atlas of Morocco

Fig. 5. Strict consensus trees obtained from addition of NHMUK PV R36834 to the data matrices of Carballido et al. 2015 (A) and McPhee et al. 2015 (B). Black circle indicates node for Eusauropoda. Taxa basal to Sauropoda collapsed for simplicity.

Fig. 4. Morphological comparisons between Lower and Middle Jurassic African sauropod middle cervical vertebrae. A in Sauropod dinosaur remains from a new Early Jurassic locality in the Central High Atlas of Morocco

Fig. 4. Morphological comparisons between Lower and Middle Jurassic African sauropod middle cervical vertebrae. A. Pulanesaura (BP/1/6199; McPhee et al. 2015: fig. 4). B. Jobaria tiguendis (MNN TIG F40-49; PDM personal observation 2013). C. Eusauropoda indet. (NHMUK PV R36834). D. Spinophorosaurus nigerensis (Remes et al. 2009: fig. 3A). Scale bars 100 mm.