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2,911 results for “dispersal”
Data from: Evolution of dispersal, habit, and pollination in Africa pushed Apocynaceae diversification after the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition
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Data from: Forest degradation limits the complementarity and quality of animal seed dispersal
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Data from: Avoiding impacts of phylogenetic tip-state-errors on dispersal and extirpation rates in alpine plant biogeography
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The name of the game: Palaeoproteomics and radiocarbon dates further refine the presence and dispersal of caprines in Eastern and Southern Africa
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Data from: Dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation: an integrative case study of genetic assignment calibrated with ecological data and pedigree information
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Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes
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Code and data from: A hierarchical approach for estimating state-specific mortality and state transition in dispersing animals with incomplete death records
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Rare, long-distance dispersal underpins genetic connectivity in the pink sea fan, Eunicella verrucosa
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Data and code for: Plants with higher dispersal capabilities follow ‘abundant-centre’ distributions but such patterns remain rare in animals
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Data from: Could adult or juvenile dispersal shape geographical parthenogenesis? Evidence from the facultatively parthenogenetic phasmid Megacrania batesii
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Phylogenomics of the tetraploid Hawaiian lobeliads: Implications for their origin, dispersal history, and adaptive radiation
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Toucan dispersal of large-seeded trees
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Can dispersal mode predict corridor effects on plant parasites?
Habitat corridors, a common management strategy for increasing connectivity in fragmented landscapes, have experimentally validated positive influences on species movement and diversity. However, long-standing concerns that corridors could negatively impact native species by spreading antagonists, such as disease, remain largely untested. Using a large-scale, replicated experiment, we evaluated whether corridors increase the incidence of plant parasites. We found that corridor impacts varied with parasite dispersal mode. Connectivity provided by corridors increased incidence of biotically dispersed parasites (galls on Solidago odora) but not of abiotically dispersed parasites (foliar fungi on S. odora and three Lespedeza spp.). Both biotically and abiotically dispersed parasites responded to edge effects, but the direction of responses varied across species. Although our results require additional tests for generality to other species and landscapes, they suggest that, when establishing conservation corridors, managers should focus on mitigating two potential negative effects: the indirect effects of narrow corridors in creating edges and direct effects of corridors in enhancing connectivity of biotically dispersed parasites.
Landscape Corridors Promote Long Distance Seed Dispersal by Birds During Winter but Not During Summer at an Experimentally Fragmented Restoration Site
In fragmented landscapes, plant population persistence and community diversity can hinge upon plants dispersing seeds long distances between isolated patches of habitat. Landscape corridors, which connect otherwise isolated patches, have been shown to increase seed dispersal by birds moving between patch fragments. However, because bird behaviors change seasonally, the strength of this "corridor effect" may also change. We assessed the utility of corridors for promoting seed dispersal by birds during both summer and winter in a well-replicated corridor experiment conducted in early successional longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannah habitat at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, USA. We used a single species of bird-dispersed fruiting plant, American black nightshade (Solanum americanum), and controlled the timing and number of fruits available to birds during summer and winter. Corridors increased long-distance seed dispersal during winter but not during summer, indicating that the effectiveness of corridors for promoting long-distance seed dispersal can depend upon plant reproductive timing and seasonal differences in bird movement. A better understanding of the seasonality of plant-animal interactions will permit better predictions about whether and how corridors provide connectivity for plants.
Connectivity from a different perspective: comparing seed dispersal kernels in connected vs. unfragmented landscapes.
Habitat fragmentation can create significant impediments to dispersal. A technique to increase dispersal between otherwise isolated fragments is the use of corridors. Although previous studies have compared dispersal between connected fragments to dispersal between unconnected fragments, it remains unknown how dispersal between fragments connected by a corridor compares to dispersal in unfragmented landscapes. To assess the extent to which corridors can restore dispersal in fragmented landscapes to levels observed in unfragmented landscapes, we employed a stable-isotope marking technique to track seeds within four unfragmented landscapes and eight experimental landscapes with fragments connected by corridors. We studied two wind- and two bird-dispersed plant species, because previous community-based research showed that dispersal mode explains how connectivity effects vary among species. We constructed dispersal kernels for these species in unfragmented landscapes and connected fragments by marking seeds in the center of each landscape with 15N and then recovering marked seeds in seed traps at distances up to 200 m. For the two wind-dispersed plants, seed dispersal kernels were similar in unfragmented landscapes and connected fragments. In contrast, dispersal kernels of bird-dispersed seeds were both affected by fragmentation and differed in the direction of the impact: Morella cerifera experienced more and Rhus copallina experienced less long-distance dispersal in unfragmented than in connected landscapes. These results show that corridors can facilitate dispersal probabilities comparable to those observed in unfragmented landscapes. Although dispersal mode may provide useful broad predictions, we acknowledge that similar species may respond uniquely due to factors such as seasonality and disperser behavior. Our results further indicate that prior work has likely underestimated dispersal distances of wind-dispersed plants and that factors altering long-distance dis
Data from : Fragmentation promotes the role of dispersal in determining 10 intermittent headwater stream metacommunities
<p>Dispersal, defined as the movement of individuals among local communities in a landscape, is a regional process determining metacommunity dynamics in ecosystems. Whereas both natural and anthropogenic ecosystem fragmentations can limit dispersal, previous attempts to measure such limitation have faced considerable context-dependency, due to a combination of spatial extent and associated environmental variability, the wide range of dispersal modes and abilities of organisms or variation in network topologies. Therefore, it is today unclear what role dispersal plays compared to local environmental filtering in explaining metacommunity dynamics in dendritic ecosystems. We quantified alpha and beta-diversity components of invertebrate metacommunities across ten fragmented headwater stream networks and tested the hypothesis that dispersal is the primary determinant of biodiversity organisation in these dynamic and spatially-constrained ecosystems. Alpha-diversity was much lower at intermittent reaches compared to perennial’s, including long upon rewetting, indicating an overwhelming effect of drying including a legacy on local communities. Beta-diversity was never correlated with environmental distances but predominantly explained by spatial distances accounting for river network fragmentation. The nestedness proportion of beta-diversity was considerable and echoed compositional differences that communities from intermittent reaches were subsets of perennial ones. Altogether, these results indicate dispersal is the primary process shaping metacommunity dynamics in these ten headwater stream networks, where local communities recurrently undergo extinction and recolonization events. This challenges previous conceptual views that local environment filtering is the main driver of headwater stream metacommunities. As the fragmentation of river networks is increasing due to global change, our results suggest that some freshwater ecosystems currently driven by local environment filtering could gradually become dispersal-limited. In this perspective, shifts from perennial to intermittent flow regimes represent tipping points that should not be crossed to not jeopardise river biodiversity, functional integrity and the ecosystem services they provide to society.</p>
Figure 7 in Do Morphological Similarities and human-induced dispersal explain the non-native occurrence of Serpulidae (Annelida) in Southwest Atlantic? Taxonomic detailing is the key
Figure 7. Protula balboensis. (A) Complete body, lateral view; (B) Branchial crown; (C) Tube with a worm inside. Scale bars: A and C: 2 mm; B: 500 µm.
Figure 4 in Do Morphological Similarities and human-induced dispersal explain the non-native occurrence of Serpulidae (Annelida) in Southwest Atlantic? Taxonomic detailing is the key
Figure 4. Spirobranchus tetraceros, types of chaetae. (A) Collar chaetae; bayonet chaetae, with tip processes; (B) Thoracic chaetae; limbate; (C) Abdominal chaetae; chaetae trumpet-shaped; (D) Uncini thoracic with 8 teeth; (E) Uncini abdominal with 11 teeth. Scale bars: A-E: 500 µm.
Data from: Influence of paleolithic range contraction, admixture and long-distance dispersal on genetic gradients of modern humans in Asia
<p>Cavalli-Sforza and coauthors originally explored the genetic variation of modern humans throughout the world and observed an overall east-west genetic gradient in Asia. However, the specific environmental and population genetics processes causing this gradient were not formally investigated and promoted discussion in recent studies. Here we studied the influence of diverse environmental and population genetics processes on Asian genetic gradients and identified which could have produced the observed gradient. To do so, we performed extensive spatially-explicit computer simulations of genetic data under the following scenarios: (<i>i</i>) variable levels of admixture between Paleolithic and Neolithic populations, (<i>ii</i>) migration through long-distance dispersal (LDD), (<i>iii</i>) Paleolithic range contraction induced by the last glacial maximum (LGM) and, (<i>iv</i>) Neolithic range expansions from one or two geographic origins (the Fertile Crescent and the Yangzi and Yellow River Basins). Next, we estimated genetic gradients from the simulated data and we found that they were sensible to the analyzed processes, especially to the range contraction induced by LGM and to the number of Neolithic expansions. Some scenarios were compatible with the observed east-west genetic gradient, such as the Paleolithic expansion with a range contraction induced by the LGM or two Neolithic range expansions from both the east and the west. In general, LDD increased the variance of genetic gradients among simulations. We interpreted the obtained gradients as a consequence of both <i>allele surfing</i> caused by range expansions and isolation by distance along the vast east-west geographic axis of this continent.</p>
Statistics of turbulent tracer dispersion from UV camera observations of SO 2, Data set
<p>LES and radiation transport data sets used to produce the figures in the manuscript:</p> <p>Kylling, A., Ardeshiri, H., Cassiani, M., Dinger, A. S., Park, S.-Y., Pisso, I., Schmidbauer, N., Stebel, K., and Stohl, A.: Can statistics of turbulent tracer dispersion be inferred from camera observations of SO2 in the ultraviolet?, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-286, in review, 2019</p> <p>See README file for further description of files.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.