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FIGURE 6 in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology

FIGURE 6. Morphology of Agalma clausi nectophoral bud in upper (left) and lower (right) views. aw—axial wing, lc—lower canal, llr—lower lateral ridge, lop—lateral ostial process, lrc—lateral radial canal, n—nectosac, o-ostium, orc—ostial ring canal, tb—thrust block, uc—upper canal, ulr—upper lateral ridge. Scale bar: 200 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology

FIGURE 4. In situ photograph of specimen BWP 1048-7. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. (With grateful thanks to Ron Gilmer).

FIGURE 3. Agalma eschscholtzii Haeckel. A in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology

FIGURE 3. Agalma eschscholtzii Haeckel. A. Whole colony; B. Nectophore; C. Bracts; D. Tentillum. From Haeckel (1888b), Plate XVIII, figs. 8, 9, 10, 11 & 14 respectively.

FIGURE 2. A in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology

FIGURE 2. A. Whole colony of Agalma clausi from Bedot (1888) Plate III; B. Nectophore; C. Tentillum; D. Palpon, from Bedot (1888), Plate IV, figs. 6, 3, and 18, respectively.

FIGURE 5. A in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology

FIGURE 5. A. Pneumatophore and nectosomal growth zone of specimen JSL I Dive 2929-DS1; B. Siphosomal stem from specimen BWP 1044-22. br—bract, cs—chitin septa, dbr—developing bract, f—funnel, gz—gastrozooid, ml—muscular lamella of nectophore, nb—nectophoral buds, pal—palpon, pc—pericystic cavity, pn—pneumatophore, pnd—pneumadenia, pns—pneumatosaccus, sh—siphosomal horn, st—stem, tc—tentacle. Scale bars: A. 2.5 mm; B. 1 mm.

FIGURE 1. A in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology

FIGURE 1. A. Fewkes (1880), Plate II, figure 2. "Covering scale of Agalma Sarsii"; B. & C. Figures 13 and 25 from Bedot (1888) Plate IV. Proximal at bottom.

FIGURE 8 in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology

FIGURE 8. Nectophores of Agalma clausi drawn at different developmental stages, based on specimen JSL I Dive 2929-DSI. A. Young nectophore; B. Upper (left) and lower (right) views of medium-sized nectophore; C. Upper (left) and lower (right) views of largest nectophore. Scale bars: A. 2 mm; B. 2 mm; C. 5 mm.

FIGURE 14 in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology

FIGURE 14. Development of tentillum. A. Early stages; B. Later stages. gvc—gastrovascular canal, inv—involucrum, nc—nematocyst cluster, pa—primordial ampulla, rtf—rudiment of terminal filament Scale bars: A. 50 µm; B. 200 µm.

FIGURE 17 in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology

FIGURE 17. Details of amphipod placements within zooids of Agalma clausi specimen BWP 1044-22. A. Two Eupronoe sp. (squared) living inside nectophore mesoglea; B. Close-up of picture A showing one of Eupronoe sp. in the axial wing of the Agalma clausi nectophore, and the damage it caused to the radial canal; C. Close up of picture A showing another Eupronoe sp. that lives in the central part of the nectophore, presumably ingesting pre-digested food directly from the radial canal; D. Two Eupronoe sp. (arrowed) living in the lateral part of the nectophore, close to the ostium; E. Exuviae of an amphipod (arrowed) inside the Agalma clausi bract. Scale bars: A. 1 mm; B., C., D. 500 µm; E. 250 µm.

FIGURE 11 in Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae) - complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology

FIGURE 11. Palpons of Agalma clausi. A. Early bud; B. Tip of mature palpon with amorphous droplet; C. Tip of mature palpon with nematocysts arranged differently; D. Surface of mature palpon with regularly scattered opaque cells; E. Developmental sequence of palpons of specimen BWP 1044-22. Scale bars: A. 100 µm; B. 100 µm; C. 200 µm; D. 100 µm; E 50 µm.

F I G U R E 6 in Dispersal in dendritic networks: Ecological consequences on the spatial distribution of population densities

F I G U R E 6 Euclidean distances moved by Tetrahymena individuals depending on densities in our entire dataset. Across all replicates of all landscapes (patches from different landscapes types highlighted by different symbols; see legend) we find positively densitydependent movement. The solid lines represent fits of the averaged linear mixed model (red: dendritic landscapes; blue: linear landscapes) and the shaded area shows 95% confidence intervals (see Table 4 for model selection results). [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

F I G U R E 4 in Dispersal in dendritic networks: Ecological consequences on the spatial distribution of population densities

F I G U R E 4 Comparison of variation in population densities between linear and dendritic networks at day 15 of the experiment. The solid line represents the difference between inter-quartile range (IQR) over median population densities of linear and dendritic landscapes. The distribution (grey) represents the distribution of the differences between IQR over median population densities of 200,000 random re-samplings for our data. As we theoretically expect the dendritic landscapes to be more variable we can perform a one-sided test which gives a probability of p =.047 of our observed difference between IQR to median ratios to be larger than zero. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

F I G U R E 3 in Dispersal in dendritic networks: Ecological consequences on the spatial distribution of population densities

F I G U R E 3 Fit of theoretical expectations to the distribution of Tetrahymena population densities depending on network type (linear versus dendritic networks), network position (central versus inner versus outer nodes) for day 15. Violin plots show the overall distribution of the data, the white point gives the median, and the solid black line the 25% and 75% percentiles, respectively. Given the network structure (Figure 1) and the three replicates per landscape, distributions include N = 18 (9, 3) measurements for outer (inner, central) nodes of dendritic networks and N = 6 (6, 18) measurements for outer (inner, central) nodes of linear landscapes. Horizontal red and blue lines visualise fits of the theoretically expected distribution of population densities to data from the dendritic and linear networks assuming network specific dispersal rates (d) and carrying capacities (K). White squares show fits of the theoretically expected distribution of population densities assuming the same d and K values for both network types. Shaded areas, respectively, error bars, show 95% confidence intervals of the fits. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

F I G U R E 2 in Dispersal in dendritic networks: Ecological consequences on the spatial distribution of population densities

F I G U R E 2 Distribution of Tetrahymena population densities depending on network type (linear versus dendritic networks), network position (central versus inner versus outer nodes) and time (days 0, 8 and 15). Violin plots show the overall distribution of the data, the white point gives the median, and the solid black line the 25% and 75% percentiles, respectively. Given the network structure (Figure 1) and the three replicates per landscape, distributions include N = 18 (9, 3) measurements for outer (inner, central) nodes of dendritic networks and N = 6 (6, 18) measurements for outer (inner, central) nodes of linear landscapes. Horizontal lines visualise back-transformed parameter estimates of the averaged linear mixed effects model and shaded areas show 95% confidence intervals (see Table 2 for model selection results). [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

F I G U R E 1 in Dispersal in dendritic networks: Ecological consequences on the spatial distribution of population densities

F I G U R E 1 Median population densities (in thousands of individuals) of Tetrahymena in corresponding dendritic (a) and linear (b) landscapes at the end of the experiment (day 15) and across the three replicate landscapes. In these landscapes, outer nodes are labelled "O," inner and central nodes are labelled "I" and "C", respectively. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

F I G U R E 5 in Dispersal in dendritic networks: Ecological consequences on the spatial distribution of population densities

F I G U R E 5 Euclidean distances moved by Tetrahymena individuals depending on network type (linear versus dendritic networks), network position (central versus inner versus outer nodes) and time (days 0, 8 and 15). Violin plots show the overall distribution of the data, the white point gives the median, and the solid black line the 25% and 75% percentiles, respectively. Given the network structure (Figure 1) and the three replicates per landscape distributions include N = 18 (9, 3) measurements for outer (inner, central) nodes of dendritic networks and N = 6 (6, 18) measurements for outer (inner, central) nodes of linear landscapes. Horizontal lines visualise back-transformed parameter estimates of the averaged linear mixed effects model and shaded areas show 95% confidence intervals (see Table 3 for model selection results). [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

FIGURE 70 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURE 70. Geographical records of collection sites (derived from literature, museum labels and personal correspondence) of the two known Cteniza species. Blue dots: C. moggridgei, red dots: C. sauvagesi. Blue and red areas represent projected suitable habitats for C. moggridgei and C. sauvagesi, respectively, according to SDM analysis (threshold: 0.6).

FIGURES 59–62. C in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 59–62. C. sauvagesi (specimen Colo.015 Sardinia) palp-organ (right hand side) in four clockwise rotational shifts of 90° around a central longitudinal axis. 59, standard ventral orientation used for taking measurements. Note tiny scoop (sc) at the tip of the slender, regularly curved embolus. Scale bars= 0.5 mm

FIGURES 51–54 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 51–54. Dentation of tarsal claws and structure of spermathecae in C. sauvagesi NEOTYPE (female, Isaia.137, Corsica). 51, palp-claw (note bifid (bt) proximal tooth and more distal (su) subsidiary tooth); 52, claws leg I (note singule sharp tooth proximal (st) and more distal subsidiary tooth (st) on paired claws); 53, claws leg IV (note bifid proximal tooth (bt) and (atc) smooth auxiliary claw); 54, spermathecae (note straight tripartite receptacles, with (pp) membranous proximal part, (mp) sclerotized medial collar and (dp) donut-shaped glandular distal parts). Scale bars= 0.5mm

FIGURES 55–58. C.sauvagesi male NHMB.011 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 55–58. C.sauvagesi male NHMB.011 Corsica (descript). 55, left palp retrolateral. Note lack of spines and strongly elongated tibia (et), patella (ep) and femur (ef). 56, left cymbium dorsal note spines (sp) and spine-sockets (ss). 57, tarsal claws leg I. 58, tarsal claws leg IV. Note the combs of side teeth on all paired claws. Scale bars= 0.5 mm