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1,070 results for “dung beetle”
Data from: Rapid divergence of nesting depth and digging appendages among tunneling dung beetle populations and species
Many dung beetle communities are characterized by species that share very similar morphological, ecological, and behavioral traits and requirements yet appear to be stably maintained. Here, we document that the morphologically nearly indistinguishable, sympatric, and syntopic tunneling sister species Onthophagus taurus and Onthophagus illyricus may be avoiding competitive exclusion by nesting at remarkably different soil depths. Intriguingly, we also find rapid divergence in preferred nesting depth across native and recently established O. taurus populations. Furthermore, geometric morphometric analyses reveal that both inter- and intraspecific divergences in nesting depth are paralleled by similar changes in the shape of the primary digging appendages, the fore tibiae. Collectively, our results identify preferred nesting depth and tibial shape as surprisingly evolutionarily labile and with the potential to ease interspecific competition and/or to facilitate adaptation to local climatic conditions.
Data from: Co-declining mammal-dung beetle faunas throughout the Atlantic Forest biome of South America
The millennial-scale evolutionary relationships between mammals and dung beetles have been eroded due to several drivers of contemporary biodiversity loss. Although some evidence of co-decline has been shown for mammals and dung beetles at some Neotropical sites, a biome-scale analysis for the entire Atlantic Forest of South America would strengthen our understanding of how relictual sets of mammal species can affect dung beetle co-occurrences and co-declines. We therefore collated hundreds of assemblages of both dung beetles and medium- to large-bodied mammals throughout the world's longest tropical forest latitudinal gradient to examine to what extent mammal assemblages may exert a positive influence on dung beetle species composition and functional assembly, and whether this relationship is scale dependent. We also collated several climatic and other environmental variables to examine the degree to which they shape mammal-dung beetle relationships. The relationships between local mammal and dung beetle faunas were examined using regression models, variation partitioning, dissimilarity indices, and ecological networks. We found a clear positive relationship between mammal and dung beetle species richness across this forest biome, indicating an ongoing process of mammal-dung beetle niche-mediated co-decline. We found a strong relationship between the species composition of both taxa, in which dung beetle species dissimilarity apparently track changes in mammalian dissimilarity, typically in 80% of all cases. Co-variables such as phytomass and climatic variables also influenced mammal-dung beetle patterns of co-decline along the Atlantic Forest. We conclude that dung beetle diversity and community assembly are shaped by the remaining co-occurring mammal assemblages and their functional traits, and both groups were governed by environmental features. We emphasize that ecosystem-wide effects of mammal population declines remain poorly understood both quantitatively and qualitatively, and curbing large vertebrate defaunation will ensure the persistence of co-dependent species.
Data from: The activity of dung beetles increases foliar nutrient concentration in tropical seedlings
Dung beetles are extensively used as a focal taxon in tropical forests. Yet, information for most of their ecological functions comes from other systems. We present results from a field experiment in a tropical rainforest showing that dung beetle activity increases foliar phosphorus concentration in seedlings of the tree Brosimum lactescens. Our results open new lines of research to assess the multiple effects that dung beetles may have on rainforest plants.
FIGURE 2. C. margaritae. a in New species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Mexico and Costa Rica
FIGURE 2. C. margaritae. a) Dorsal view of male head; b) dorsal view of female head; c) dorsal view of right male protibia; d) dorsal view of right female protibia; e) male pygidium; f) female pygidium; g) lateral view of aedeagus; h) dorsal view of brachypterous right wing of male.
FIGURES 23–25. Dorsal habiti. 23 in Three new species of Canthonella Chapin from Hispaniola, with new records and Nomenclatural changes for West Indian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURES 23–25. Dorsal habiti. 23. Canthonella isabellae; 24. Canthonella baorucensis; 25. Canthonella howdeni.
FIGURES 19–22. Dorsal habiti. 19 in Three new species of Canthonella Chapin from Hispaniola, with new records and Nomenclatural changes for West Indian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURES 19–22. Dorsal habiti. 19. Canthonella jarmilea; 20. Canthonella quesquaya; 21. Canthonella sikesi; 22. Canthonella constans.
FIGURES 1–9. 1–3. Labia. 1 in Three new species of Canthonella Chapin from Hispaniola, with new records and Nomenclatural changes for West Indian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURES 1–9. 1–3. Labia. 1. Canthonella jarmilea; 2. Canthonella quesquaya; 3. Canthonella sikesi. 4–6. Heads 4. Canthonella jarmilea; 5. Canthonella quesquaya; 6: Canthonella sikesi. 7–9. Left elytra 7, Canthonella jarmilea; 8. Canthonella quesquaya; 9. Canthonella sikesi.
FIGURES 12–13 in New evidence for the validity of Coprophanaeus (C.) terrali Arnaud, 2002 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini), a dung beetle from Brazil
FIGURES 12–13. Coprophanaeus terrali, parameres, ventral view. 12) Variant form (Carlinda specimen). 13) Regular form (Cláudia specimens). Scale = 1 mm.
FIGURE 14 in New evidence for the validity of Coprophanaeus (C.) terrali Arnaud, 2002 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini), a dung beetle from Brazil
FIGURE 14. Distribution map of Coprophanaeus terrali, C. dardanus and C. telamon. Note that C. terrali is not sympatric (i.e., was not collected together) with either of the two other species.
FIGURES 7–11 in New evidence for the validity of Coprophanaeus (C.) terrali Arnaud, 2002 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini), a dung beetle from Brazil
FIGURES 7–11. Cephalic carina of Coprophanaeus terrali. 7) Male tetratuberculate carina from Cláudia. 8) Male pentatuberculate carina from Carlinda. 9) Male pentatuberculate carina from Cláudia. 10) Female trituberculate carina. 11) Tetratuberculate carina of the male holotype.
FIGURES 1–6 in New evidence for the validity of Coprophanaeus (C.) terrali Arnaud, 2002 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini), a dung beetle from Brazil
FIGURES 1–6. Coprophanaeus (C.) terrali Arnaud, 2002. 1–2) Female habitus. 3–4) Male habitus. 5–6) Genital capsule: 5. dorsal view; 6. lateral view.
FIGURE 15 in New evidence for the validity of Coprophanaeus (C.) terrali Arnaud, 2002 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini), a dung beetle from Brazil
FIGURE 15. Distribution map of Coprophanaeus terrali, C. dardanus and C. telamon in northern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Note that C. telamon is limited to west Juruena and north of lower Teles Pires Rivers (however passing Juruena much farther south), C. dardanus east of Xingu River (also in western varzea), and C. terrali in higher lands between these three rivers.
FIGURES 1–4 in Revalidation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest dung beetle species Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi (Pereira & d'Andretta, 1955) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) based on morphological and distributional evidence
FIGURES 1–4. Coprophanaeus (M.) machadoi (Pereira & d'Andretta, 1955). 1–2) Male habitus. 3–4) Female habitus.
FIGURE 15 in Revalidation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest dung beetle species Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi (Pereira & d'Andretta, 1955) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) based on morphological and distributional evidence
FIGURE 15. Holotype of Coprophanaeus saphirinus (Sturm, 1826): 15a) Dorsal view. 15b) Ventral view. 15c) Frontal view. 15d) Lateral view. 15e) Labels. 15f) Sturm's (1826) illustration of the holotype. 16: Holotype of Phanaeus chabrillaci Thomson, 1857: 16a) Labels. 16b) Dorsal view. 16c) Ventral view. 16d) Lateral view.
FIGURE 14 in Revalidation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest dung beetle species Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi (Pereira & d'Andretta, 1955) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) based on morphological and distributional evidence
FIGURE 14. Distribution map of Coprophanaeus machadoi and C. saphirinus. Coprophanaeus machadoi is distributed in eastern Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro, while C. saphirinus is present from the Serra da Mantiqueira, in the border of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, to southern Brazil, Paraguay and Misiones (Argentina). Both species are restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in Parana Dominion of the Chacoan subregion.
FIGURE 12–13. Aedeagi. 12 in Revalidation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest dung beetle species Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi (Pereira & d'Andretta, 1955) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) based on morphological and distributional evidence
FIGURE 12–13. Aedeagi. 12) Coprophanaeus machadoi: 12a) Dorsal view. 12b) Lateral view. 13) C. saphirinus: 13a) Dorsal view. 13b) Lateral view. Arrow indicates the posterior flap of the apical process, which is just slightly elevated in C. machadoi and is strongly elevated and curved in C. saphirinus.
FIGURES 6–11. Male head and pronotum. 6–9 in Revalidation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest dung beetle species Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi (Pereira & d'Andretta, 1955) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) based on morphological and distributional evidence
FIGURES 6–11. Male head and pronotum. 6–9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10–11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi.
FIGURES 17–23 in Revalidation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest dung beetle species Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi (Pereira & d'Andretta, 1955) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) based on morphological and distributional evidence
FIGURES 17–23. Color variation in Coprophanaeus saphirinus. 17–18) Dark blue female and male with purple reflections. 19) Blue male with greenish reflections. 20) Predominantly green female with bluish reflections. 21) Red male with greenish and yellowish reflections. 22) Predominantly red female. 23) Dark red male.
FIGURES 6–8 in Pseudopygmephorellus mazandaranicus sp. nov. (Acari: Heterostigmata: Pygmephoridae), phoretic on scarabaeid dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Iran
FIGURES 6–8. Pseudopygmephorellus mazandaranicus Katlav and Hajiqanbar sp. nov. (female): 6–7. Legs I–II respectively. Scale bar 20 µm; 8. Comparison of length of solenidia in two close species: a. P. mazandaranicus sp. nov, b. P.szekessyi (Mahunka, 1970). Scale bar 10 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Pseudopygmephorellus mazandaranicus sp. nov. (Acari: Heterostigmata: Pygmephoridae), phoretic on scarabaeid dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Iran
FIGURE 5. Pseudopygmephorellus mazandaranicus Katlav and Hajiqanbar sp. nov. (female): venter of the body. Scale bar 50 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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