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Fig. 18 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 18. Mesonephros of hybrid females (A, B), C. tesselatus (C, D), hybrid males (E–G), and a C. tigris male (H). A. Mesonephros showing small and large tubules (AMNH R145147, slide 8, row 2, section 6). B. Adrenal gland with large and small mesonephric tubules (AMNH R145146, slide 11, row 1, section 2). C. Ovary and adrenal with small mesonephric tubules; no large tubules present (AMNH R146640, slide 4, row 1, section 1). D. Mesonephros with small tubules; no large tubules present (AMNH R146629, slide 10, row 1, section 4). E. Large tubules (= epididymis) and small mesonephric tubules; debris does not include sperm (AMNH R145148, slide 8, row 1, section 6). F. Epididymis and small mesonephric tubules (AMNH R146695, slide 25, row 3, section 6). G. Vas deferens and small mesonephric tubules (AMNH R146692, slide 12, row 2, section 6, MT). H. Large mesonephric tubules and epididymis (packed with sperm) and small mesonephric tubules (AMNH R 146653, slide 10, row 2, section 4). Scale bar, 0.1 mm, except G, which is 0.01 mm.

Fig. 15 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 15. Germinal epithelium and adjacent adrenal gland of hybrid females (A–C) and C. tesselatus females (D–F). A. Germinal epithelium with welldefined lip, margin, and oogonia (AMNH R146689, slide 3, row 2, section 6, MT). B. Detail of epithelium in figure 15A (AMNH R146689, slide 3, row 2, section 6, MT). C. Germinal epithelium, adrenal gland, and mesonephros (AMNH R146691, slide 13, row 2, section 9). D. Germinal epithelium showing boundary and lip (AMNH R146637, slide 41,

Fig. 22. A in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 22. A monthly comparison of size distributions of Cnemidophorus tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrids collected at the Arroyo del Macho hybridization site in 1996–1999.

Fig. 5. Representative Cnemidophorus tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrid females from the Arroyo del Macho hybridization site. A. AMNH R146689 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 5. Representative Cnemidophorus tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrid females from the Arroyo del Macho hybridization site. A. AMNH R146689 (89 mm SVL); B and E. AMNH R146687 (93 mm SVL); C and F. AMNH R146688 (91 mm SVL); D. AMNH R146681 (84 mm SVL).

Fig. 13 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 13. Electrophoretic phenotypes of PEPA, a dimeric enzyme, for 12 lizards; letters and labeling as in figure 11, except asterisk marks hybrid (AMNH R145146) that received the callele from MAR instead of the ballele (coincidentally, this is the only hybrid karyotyped that has a fissioned Xchromosome). The callele occurs in other individuals of MAR, the dallele in others of both MAR and SEP. Anode is to the right.

Fig. 20. A in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 20. A comparison of body size (snout–vent length) and gravid status of female individuals of Cnemidophorus tesselatus and body size of male and female C. tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrids collected from the Arroyo del Macho hybridization site in 1996–1999.

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FIGURE 2 in Hybridization between Whiptail Lizards in Texas: Aspidoscelis laredoensis and A. gularis, with Notes on Reproduction of a Hybrid

FIGURE 2. Karyotype of a triploid hybrid between Aspidoscelis laredoensis pattern class A × A. gularis (AMNH R-148416), with the chromosomes arranged in six rows representing the haploid complements in its genealogy. Upper two rows. Haploid set of chromosomes as found in A. gularis. Middle two rows. Haploid set of chromosomes as found in A. sexlineatus (S indicates the medium-sized submetacentric to subtelocentric chromosome that characterizes this species). The total of the upper and middle two rows represent the diploid karyotype of the parthenogenetic A. laredoensis. Lower two rows. The second haploid set of chromosomes as found in A. gularis, received in the recent hybridization event. Scale bar = 10 microns.

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FIGURE 1 in Hybridization between Whiptail Lizards in Texas: Aspidoscelis laredoensis and A. gularis, with Notes on Reproduction of a Hybrid

FIGURE 1. Representatives of the diploid parthenogenetic Aspidoscelis laredoensis pattern class A and natural triploid hybrids between A. laredoensis pattern class A × A. gularis. A. A. laredoensis, female, AMNH R-126892; snout-vent length (SVL), 72 mm. B. Hybrid female, AMNH R-148419; SVL, 82 mm. C, D. Hybrid male, AMNH R-148416; SVL, 76 mm.

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FIGURE 4 in Hybridization between Whiptail Lizards in Texas: Aspidoscelis laredoensis and A. gularis, with Notes on Reproduction of a Hybrid

FIGURE 4. Electrophoretic phenotypes of the dimeric enzyme PEP-A for 12 different lizards (a total of 24) on each of two gels. Letters and labeling are as in figure 3, except that here the asterisk is to note that activity of the A- or C-allele in the diploid LARA or LARB is present but under-expressed.

Fig. 11 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 11. Topographic map of Antelope Pass, Hidalgo County New Mexico showing the 23 trap sites listed in table 6. Each site can be identified by its coordinates and symbol (table 6). Triangles indicate sites where A. dixoni C was found, but not A. t. punctilinealis; squares indicate sites where A. t. punctilinealis was found, but not A. dixoni C; and dots indicate sites where both species were found. This was mapped with TOPO! (2003, National Geographic; www.nationalgeographic.com/topo).

Fig. 7 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 7. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of seven meristic characters of 30 specimens of Aspidoscelis from Antelope Pass, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The specimens include representatives of two species (A. dixoni C and A. t. punctilinealis) and hybrids between them. Note that the three hybrids cluster most closely to their maternal parent.

Fig. 5 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 5. Karyotypes of two whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis) from Antelope Pass, Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. A, Diploid unisexual A. dixoni C (AMNH R-148360, fig. 3), with 2n 5 46 chromosomes. This taxon is a clone with its ultimate ancestor having been an F1 hybrid between A. tigris marmorata (haploid complement of chromosomes in the upper two rows) X A. gularis septemvittata (haploid complement in the lower two rows of A). Note that the X chromosome that was ultimately inherited from marmorata (third largest, upper row) was apparently fissioned at the centromere (arrow) forming two additional set II-sized macrochromosomes (here arranged to suggest the ancestral unfissioned state in marmorata). Note also that the missing microchromosome of A. dixoni C is illustrated as missing from the marmorata genome (o at the right end of the second row), although we do not know from which genome it was actually lost. B, Triploid hybrid female of A. dixoni C X A. t. punctilinealis (AMNH R-148141, fig. 3), with 3n 5 69 chromosomes arranged in six rows. Rows 2 and 4 represent the haploid complement most recently inherited from A. t. punctilinealis, including its intact X chromosome (third largest). Rows 1, 3, 5, and 6 represent the two haploid complements inherited from A. dixoni C, including the fissioned X (arrow) chromosome and missing microchromosome (o), as in A, above. Bar represents 10 Mm.

Fig. 6 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 6. Electrophoretic phenotypes representing products of four gene loci of Aspidoscelis. A, IDDH, a tetrameric enzyme, from liver homogenates of seven lizards. Note that the b-allele from PUN is very faint but present in the hybrid. B, PEPA, a dimeric enzyme, from muscle homogenates of seven lizards. Note that New Mexican dixoni differ from Texan dixoni and that the hybrid is triallelic. C, sMDH, a dimeric enzyme, from muscle homogenates of seven lizards. Note that New Mexican dixoni differ from Texan dixoni and the hybrid shows two doses of the a-allele. D, MPI, a monomeric enzyme, from muscle homogenates of eight lizards. Note that New Mexican dixoni differ from Texan dixoni. Letters below gels identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 2). Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside the gel (with genotype) as follows: DIXA, A. dixoni A; DIXB, A. dixoni B; DIXC, A. dixoni C; DIXC X PUN, hybrid of A. dixoni C X A. t. punctilinealis; MAR, A. t. marmorata; SCA, A. g. scalaris, which at these loci are often the same as A. g. septemvittata; TESC, A. tesselata C-E; TESD, A. tesselata D; TESE-C, A. tesselata E-C; PUN, A. t. punctilinealis. Anode is to the right, and arrow in A indicates position of sample application.

Fig. 1 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 1. The global distributional range of Aspidoscelis dixoni. This species occurs in two areas that are separated by approximately 500 km from which no specimens are known. The two areas are Antelope Pass, Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico, and Chinati Mountains, Presidio County, Texas. Initialisms are as follows: AZ, Arizona; MX, Mexico; NM, New Mexico; and TX, Texas. Modified from Topo USA 2.0, DeLorme, Yarmouth, Maine (1999).

Fig. 4 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 4. Ventral views (black-and-white) of two of the same lizards shown in figure 3. Upper, hybrid (AMNH R-148141); lower, A. t. punctilinealis (AMNH R-148113). In A. dixoni C (no photograph of ventral view) there is no black on the abdomen or throat, although there may be a few small black dots on the chest.

Fig. 2 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 2. Cherry array with drift fence and pitfall traps, where one of the hybrids was found, Antelope Pass, Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. Photo by C.J.C., June 8, 1990.

Fig. 8 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 8. Pattern of morphological distinctiveness expressed by the distribution of canonical variate scores derived from a canonical variate analysis of five meristic characters of 30 specimens of Aspidoscelis from Antelope Pass, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The specimens include representatives of two species (A. dixoni C and A. t. punctilinealis) and hybrids between them. Note that the three hybrids cluster most closely to their maternal parent.

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Fig. 18 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 18. Electrophoretic phenotypes of five proteins as expressed on separate gels. PEPA, a dimeric enzyme, for three lizards. LDH1, a tetrameric enzyme, for three lizards. ESTD, a dimeric enzyme, for three lizards. sMDH, a dimeric enzyme, for four lizards. TF, a monomeric enzyme, for six lizards; white dots mark the three isozymes from the hybrid. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 13). Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside the gel (with genotype) as follows: I, A. inornata; M, A. tigris marmorata; N, A. neomexicana; NC, A. neomexicana from Conchas Lake; NF, A. neomexicana from Fort Sumner; N 3 S, the hybrid; S, A. sexlineata viridis. Anode is to the right, ^ indicates relative position of sample applications.

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Fig. 17 in Hybridization Between Parthenogenetic Lizards (Aspidoscelis neomexicana) and Gonochoristic Lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata viridis) in New Mexico: Ecological, Morphological, Cytological, and Molecular Context

Fig. 17. Karyotype of a triploid whiptail lizard (AMNH R151739; 3n 5 69) from Conchas Lake, San Miguel County, New Mexico. This is a hybrid between A. neomexicana 3 A. sexlineata viridis. The three haploid genomes (two rows of chromosomes each) are arranged to illustrate ancestry of the hybrid, as follows: A. tigris marmorata (top) 3 A. inornata (middle), which were inherited from the diploid maternal parent of the hybrid (A. neomexicana), and A. sexlineata viridis (bottom), from the paternal parent. Bar 5 10 mm.