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Fig. 5 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 5. Macrobiotus ovovittatus sp. nov., PCM images of the buccal apparatus, A–D. Holotype (GL.001.01, ISEA PAS). E. Paratype (ISEA PAS). A. An entire buccal apparatus. B–C. The oral cavity armature, dorsal and ventral teeth, respectively. D–E. Placoid morphology, dorsal and ventral placoids respectively. The filled flat arrowheads indicate the first band of teeth, the empty flat arrowheads indicate the second band of teeth, the filled indented arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth, and the empty indented arrowheads indicate central and subterminal constrictions in the first and second macroplacoid, respectively. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 3 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 3. Macrobiotus ovovittatus sp. nov., PCM (A, C, E) and SEM (B, D, F) images of dense granulation patches on legs of paratypes (ISEA PAS). A–B. Granulation on the external surface of leg III. C–D. Granulation on the internal surface of leg III and II, respectively. E–F. Granulation on the hind legs. The empty flat arrowheads indicate a single continuous cuticular bar above the claws, the filled flat arrowheads indicate a pulvinus-shaped cuticular bulge, and the filled indented arrowheads indicate shadowed extensions extending from the lunulae. Scale bars in μm.

Fig. 9 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Fig. 9. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov., PCM images of habitus and body granulation. A. Dorso-ventral projection (holotype, IL.001.11, ISEA PAS, forma aporata). B. Granulation in the dorsal cuticle (paratype, ISEA PAS, forma aporata). C. Granulation in the dorsal body cuticle (paratype, ISEA PAS, forma porata). Scale bars in μm.

Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy supports two new species of Macrobiotus (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) allowing further discussion on the genus phylogeny

Figure 4. Macrobiotus ovovittatus sp. nov., images of claws. A–C. PCM, holotype (GL.001.01, ISEA PAS). D–F. SEM, paratype (ISEA PAS). A. Claws II with smooth lunulae. B. Claws IV with dentate lunulae. C. Dentate lunulae. D–E. Claws II and III with smooth lunulae, respectively. F. Claws IV with dentate lunulae. The empty flat arrowheads indicate a single continuous cuticular bar above the claws, the filled indented arrowheads indicate shadowed extensions extending from the lunulae (under PCM) or the places where they should be expected (SEM), the filled flat arrowheads indicate paired muscles attachments, and the empty indented arrowheads indicate the horseshoe structure connecting the anterior and the posterior claw. Scale bars in μm.

Figure 16 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 16. Phylogeny of Rhynchocephalia, recovered from: A, strict consensus tree from the maximum parsimony analysis with Bremer values above 1 labelled beside the nodes; and B, 50% majority rule consensus tree from the Bayesian-inference analysis with clade credibility values (decimal proportions) labelled beside nodes.

Figure 13 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 13. The braincase and cervical vertebra of Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (UFRGS-PV-0972-T). A–F, nearcomplete braincase in: A, anterior; B, posterior; C, left lateral; D, right lateral; E, dorsal; and F, ventral views. G–K, fragments of the axis and atlas in: G, right lateral; H, left lateral; I, ventral; J, dorsal; and K, posterior views. Abbreviations: at, atlas; ax, axis; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; car. for, carotid foramen; cen, centrum; cul. proc, cultriform process; eo, exoccipital; int, intercentrum; ne. arch, neural arch; ocon, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; par, paroccipital; pila, pila antotica; pr, prootic; proc, process; ps, parasphenoid; so, supraoccipital. Scale bars for A–F equal 5 mm; G–K equal 1 mm.

Figure 9 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 9. Cranial material of Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (A, UFRGS-PV-0972-T; B, C, UFRGS-PV-0613-T; D, E, UFRGS-PV-0827-T; F, UFRGS-PV-0848-T). A, left lateral view of the holotype near-complete skull UFRGS-PV-0972-T. B, C, partial skull of UFRGS-PV-0613-T in: B, left lateral; and C, ventral views. D, E, right palatine UFRGS-PV-0827-T in: D, right lateral; and E, ventral views. F, medial view of left dentary UFRGS-PV-0848-T. Scale bars equal 5 mm.

Figure 8 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 8. The lower left mandible of Brazilian sphenodontians. A–C, J, Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0748-T) in: A, lateral; B, dorsal; C, medial; and J, scaled lateral views. D, I, Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFSM-PV-0131) in: D, lateral; and I, scaled lateral views. E, K, Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0974-T) in: E, lateral; and K, scaled lateral views. F–H, L, Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (UFRGS-PV-0972-T) in: F, lateral; G, dorsal; H, medial; and L, scaled lateral views. M, Lanceirosphenodon (CAPPA/UFSM 0226) in scaled view. Abbreviations: add, additional; alt, alternating; ang, angular; artcom, articular complex; cor, coronoid; cpr, coronoid process; ht, hatchling; mc, Meckelian canal; men, mentonian; mdf, mandibular foramen; pra, prearticular; proc, process; ret, retroarticular; sb, secondary bone; sur, surangular; sy, symphysis; th, tooth; wft, wear facet. Scale bars equal 10 mm.

Figure 7 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 7. The braincase and cervical vertebra of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (A–F, UFRGS-PV-0748-T; G–I, UFSM-PV-0131; J–N, UFRGS-PV-0974-T). A–F, near-complete braincase of UFRGS-PV-0748-T in: A, posterior; B, dorsal; C, ventral; D, anterior; E, left lateral; and F, right lateral views. G–I, the partial left half of the braincase of UFSM-PV-0131 in: G, anterolateral; H, ventral; and I, dorsal views. J–N, the articulated cervical vertebra of UFRGS-PV-0974-T in: J, right lateral; K, ventral; L, dorsal; M, posterior; and N, anterior views. Abbreviations: ax, axis; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; car. for, carotid foramen; cen, centrum; cul. proc, cultriform process; eo, exoccipital; fac, facet; ne. arch, neural arch; ocon, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; par, paroccipital; pila, pila antotica; pr, prootic; proc, process; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; so, supraoccipital; st, supratemporal. Scale bar for A–L equals 5 mm; M, N equals 1 mm.

Figure 11 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 11. Digital segmentation of selected cranial material of the holotype of Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (UFRGS-PV-0972-T). A–C, left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, ventral; and C, medial views. D–F, left nasal and prefrontal in: D, dorsal; E, lateral; and F, posterior views. G, H, left postfrontal in: G, medial; and H, lateral views. I, J, articulated frontals and parietals in: I, dorsal; and J, ventral views. K, L, left jugal in: K, lateral; and L, medial views. M, N, left postorbital in: M, medial; and N, lateral views. O, P, right squamosal in: O, lateral; and P, medial views. Abbreviations: add, additional; alt, alternating; ant, anterior; can, caniniform; con, conical; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; fac, facet; fl, flange; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pfr, prefrontal; pinf, pineal foramen; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; post, posterior; prf, prefrontal; proc, process; q, quadrate; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; th, tooth; ven, ventral. Scale bars for A–H, K–P equal 5 mm; I, J equal 10 mm.

Figure 6 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 6. Ventral view of palatines for Clevosaurus brasiliensis (A–D), and Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (E–G). A, UFSM-PV-0131; B, UFRGS-PV-0748-T; C, UFRGS-PV-0974-T; D, MCN-PV 2852. E, right palatine, UFRGS-PV-0827-T; F, right palatine, UFRGS-PV-0613-T; G, left palatine, UFRGS-PV-0972-T. Abbreviations: cl, cluster; d, dentary; iso, isolated; lat, lateral; rid, ridge; th, tooth. Not to scale.

Figure 5 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 5. Cranial material of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (A–F, UFSM-PV-0131; G–M, UFRGS-PV-0748-T). A–C, left supratemporal in: A, posterolateral; B, anteromedial; and C, posteroventral views. D–F, right quadrate in: D, posterior; E, lateral; F, medial views. G, left quadrate in anteromedial view. H, left vomer in ventral view. I, right palatine in ventral view. J, K, pterygoids in J, ventral; and K, dorsal views. L, left ectopterygoid in ventral view. M, palate in left lateral view. Abbreviations: artcon, articular condyle; bs, basisphenoid; cl, cluster; epi, epipterygoid; ept, ectopterygoid; fac, facet; for, foramen; lat, lateral; m, maxilla; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pla, plate; pr, prootic; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; rid, ridge; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; th, tooth; ven, ventral; ver, vertical; vo, vomer. Scale bars for A–G, I–K, M equal 5 mm; H, L equal 1 mm.

Figure 4 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 4. Cross-sections of the tooth implantation in Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (A–C, N) and Clevosaurus brasiliensis (D–M, O). A–C, coronal cross-sections showing tooth implantation in Microsphenodon bonapartei (UFRGS-PV-0972-T) in: A, posterior-most dentary tooth; B, posterior-most maxillary tooth; and C, palate. D–H, coronal cross-sections showing tooth implantation in Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0748-T) in: D, posterior-most dentary tooth; E, penultimate additional maxillary tooth; H, hatchling teeth; and for UFRGS-PV-0974-T in F, ultimate maxillary and dentary teeth; and G, hatchling teeth. Sagittal cross-sections of the bone bearing elements of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0974-T) for I, palatine; J, left pterygoid; K, right pterygoid; L, left maxilla; and M, left dentary. N, left maxilla and dentary of Microsphenodon bonapartei (UFRGS-PV-0972-T) demonstrating the depth of the acrodont implantation. O, left maxilla and dentary of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0748-T) demonstrating the depth of the acrodont implantation. Abbreviations: add, additional; alc, alveolar canal; cap, pulp cavity; d, dentary; ht, hatchling; j, jugal; m, maxilla; mc, Meckelian canal; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; th, tooth. Scale bars for A–K equal 1 mm; L–O equal 10 mm.

Figure 12 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 12. Digital segmentation of selected cranial material of the holotype of Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (UFRGS-PV-0972-T). A, B, left supratemporal in: A, dorsal; and B, ventral views. C–E, left quadrate in: C, medial; D, lateral; E, posterior views. F, left vomer in ventral view. G, H, left palatine in: G, lateral; and H, ventral views. I, J, pterygoids in: I, ventral; and J, dorsal views. K, left ectopterygoid in ventral view. L, left pterygoid and epipterygoid in lateral view. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; artcon, articular condyle; bs, basisphenoid; epi, epipterygoid; ept, ectopterygoid; fac, facet; fl, flange; for, foramen; iso, isolated; j, jugal; lat, lateral; m, maxilla; med, medial; p, parietal; pal, palatine; proc, process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; rid, ridge; sq, squamosal; th, tooth; ven, ventral; ver, vertical; vo, vomer. Scale bars for A, B, F–H, K equals 1 mm; C, D, I, J, L equals 5 mm.

Figure 2 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 2. The digitally segmented holotype skull of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0748-T). A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, ventral; D, dorsal; and E, posterior views. Abbreviations: artcom, articular complex; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; cor, coronoid; d, dentary; eo, exoccipital; epi, epipterygoid; ept, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; op, opisthotic; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; pr, prootic; pra, prearticular; prf, prefrontal; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; vo, vomer. Scale bar equals 10 mm.

Figure 1 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 1. Cranial material of Clevosaurus brasiliensis. A–C, skull of UFRGS-PV-0748-T in: A, dorsal; B, ventral; and C, right lateral views. D, E, skull of UFSM-PV-0131 in D, dorsal; and E, ventral views. F, G, skull of UFRGS-PV-0974-T in: F, right lateral; and G, left lateral views. Scale bars equal 5 mm.

Figure 3 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 3. Digital segmentation of selected cranial material of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (A, B, F–H, R, S, UFSM-PV-0131; C–E, I–O, UFRGS-PV-0748-T; P, Q, UFRGS-PV-0974-T). A, B, right premaxilla in A, lateral; and B, anterior views. C–E, right maxilla in C, lateral; D, ventral; and E, medial views. F, G, nasals in F, left lateral; and G, anterior views. H, rostrum in left lateral view. I, right prefrontal in lateral view. J, right postfrontal in lateral view. K, left postfrontal in medial view. L, parietals and frontals in dorsal view. M, frontals in ventral view. N, O, left jugal in N, lateral; and O, medial views. P, Q, left postorbital in P, lateral; and Q, medial views. R, S, left squamosal in R, lateral; and S, medial views. Abbreviations: add, additional; ant, anterior; con, conical; ept, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; fac, facet; ht, hatchling; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pinf, pineal foramen; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; post, posterior; prf, prefrontal; proc, process; q, quadrate; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; th, tooth; ven, ventral. Scale bars for C–E, L, M equal 10 mm; F, G, I, N–S equal 5 mm; and A, B, H, J, K equal 1 mm.

Figure 10 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 10. The digitally segmented holotype skull of Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (UFRGS-PV-0972-T). A, left lateral; B, posterior; C, dorsal; and D, ventral views. Abbreviations: artcom, articular complex; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; c. vert, cervical vertebra; d, dentary; eo, exoccipital; epi, epipterygoid; ept, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; hy, hyoid; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; op, opisthotic; p, parietal; pal, palatine; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; pr, prootic; prf, prefrontal; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; vo, vomer. Scale bar equals 10 mm.

Figure 15 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 15. Life reconstruction of Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (top left) and Clevosaurus brasiliensis (bottom right). Work by Lavinia Gandolfi.

Figure 14 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Figure 14. Reconstructions of the skulls of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (A–D) and Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (E–H). A, B, cranium of C. brasiliensis in: A, dorsal; B, ventral views. C, right lateral view of the cranium and mandible of C. brasiliensis. D, a medial view of the right mandible of C. brasiliensis. E, F, cranium of M. bonapartei in: E, dorsal, F, ventral views. G, a right lateral view of the cranium and mandible of M. bonapartei. H, a medial view of the right mandible of M. bonapartei. Abbreviations: ang, angular; art, articular; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; cor, coronoid; d, dentary; epi, epipterygoid; ept, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; pfr, prefrontal; pra, prearticular; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; sur, surangular; vo, vomer. Scale bars equal 10 mm.