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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2015View details →

Fig. 3 in Age, Growth and Reproduction of Coryphaena hippurus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Maltese Waters, Central Mediterranean

Fig. 3: Top: Two-year old dolphinfish and bottom: One-year old dolphinfish dorsal spine sections at X25 magnification. A corresponds to the 1st year annulus while B corresponds to the 2nd year annulus.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2015View details →

Fig. 2 in Age, Growth and Reproduction of Coryphaena hippurus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Maltese Waters, Central Mediterranean

Fig. 2: Comparison of dolphinfish, swordfish and bluefin tuna landings (Data supplied by the Agriculture and Fisheries Regulation Department, MRRA)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig 6 in Reproductive biology of the main fish species in lakes Taabo, Kossou and Faé (Côte d'Ivoire) with a view to rational fishing

Fig 6: Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plot of months of reproduction of fish species in Lakes Taabo, Kossou and Faé Table 1: List of fish species studied in the three lakes

opencc-by-4.0May 2010View details →

Fig. 2 in Spatial Variation In Prey Composition And Its Possible Effect On Reproductive Success In An Expanding Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila Heliaca) Population

Fig. 2. Cluster analyses of imperial eagle breeding areas based on prey composition data. Region codes are presented in Fig. 1. Codes with bold characters represent mountainous habitats. The single breeding pair of the Cserehát Mountains was excluded from the analysis, because of low sample size

opencc-by-4.0May 2010View details →

Fig. 3 in Spatial Variation In Prey Composition And Its Possible Effect On Reproductive Success In An Expanding Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila Heliaca) Population

Fig. 3. Frequency of the three main prey species (a-c) and reproductive success (d) of imperial eagles in two East-Hungarian regions. Boxplots presents the minimum-maximum (whiskers), lower and upper quartiles (box) and the median (line) of the data. Dots are outliers. Significance of difference is in-

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Drosophila serrata mutation accumulation lines: Phenotypic data on survival following infection with Drosophila C virus and reproduction

The impact of selection on host immune function genes has been widely documented. However, it remains essentially unknown how mutation influences the quantitative immune traits that selection acts on. Applying a classical mutation accumulation (MA) experimental design in Drosophila serrata, we found the mutational variation in susceptibility (median time of death, LT50) to Drosophila C virus (DCV) was of similar magnitude to that reported for intrinsic survival traits. Mean LT50 did not change as mutations accumulated, suggesting no directional bias in mutational effects. Maintenance of genetic variance in immune function is hypothesised to be influenced by pleiotropic effects on immunity and other traits that contribute to fitness. To investigate this, we assayed female reproductive output for a subset of MA lines with relatively long or short survival times under DCV infection. Longer survival time tended to be associated with lower reproductive output, suggesting that mutations affecting susceptibility to DCV had pleiotropic effects on investment in reproductive fitness. Further studies are needed to uncover the general patterns of mutational effect on immune responses and other fitness traits, and to determine how selection might typically act on new mutations via their direct and pleiotropic effects.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Effect of food restriction on survival and reproduction of a termite

Food availability affects the trade-off between maintenance and reproduction in a wide range of organisms, but its effects on social insects remain poorly understood. In social insects, the maintenance-reproduction trade-off seems to be absent in individuals but may appear at the colony level, although this is rarely investigated. In this study, we restricted food availability in a termite species to test how it affects survival and reproduction, both at the individual and colony level. Using Bayesian multivariate response models, we found very minor effects of food restriction on the survival of queens, individual workers, or on the colonies. In contrast, queen fecundity was significantly reduced while colony-level fecundity (i.e., the number of dispersing alates, future reproductives) increased under food restriction as workers gave up cooperation within the colony and became alates that dispersed. Our study shows that life history trade-offs can be mitigated by individuals' social behaviours in social organisms.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

Fig. 7 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 7. Quantitative analyses of the female gonads. (A) Variation in gonadosomatic ratio (GSR) over the months (F = 24.885, p <0.001), (B) variation in the number of mature oocytes in each month (F = 6.746, p <0.001) and (C) plot of germ cells proportion monthly, indicating that they are more able to reproduce from October to March.

Fig. 6 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 6. Annual reproductive cycle of female April/2010 (A) to March/2011 (L), stained with toluidine blue-borax, in which ovarian development was seen more frequently from May to September, the stage of able to spawn from October to March and the stage regression from February to April. The regeneration step was not observed in females. Early oocytes (Eo), pre-vitellogenic oocytes (Pvo), vitellogenic oocytes (Vo), mature oocytes (Mo), post-ovulatory complexes (POC) and atresias (As).

Fig. 5 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 5. After spawning, there is observed, stained with toluidine blue-borax, (A) post-ovulatory complexes (POC) consisting of cells that made up the follicle and that remain after the release of the oocyte, and (B) early (Ea) and advanced (Aa) atretic processes, which go through stages of degeneration and resorption.

Fig. 3 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 3. In the ovaries, stained with toluidine blue-borax, (A) there is the gonoduct, as indicated by the arrow; (B) the germinal epithelium, which presents: somatic cells that stand out of the germinal epithelium and will be the pre-follicular cells (Pf) to accompany the nest of oogonia (circle); (C) some oogonia begin the process of differentiation through meiosis, forming early oocytes (Eo) that stand out from the nest being involved in pre-follicular cells (Pf) characterizing the initial ovarian follicle (black circle), after then other cells come around forming the internal theca (It) and external theca (Et), forming the follicular complex (white circle); (D) the oocyte gives rise to a new stage of growth, the pre-vitellogenic one with the arising of nüages (Ng), multiple nucleoli (No) and the Balbiani corpuscles (Bc); (E) it is possible to observe the anterior structures in greater detail and also the layers of the follicular envelope, which comprises the components of theca (T), a layer of follicular cells (Fc), the basal membrane (Bm) and a pellucid zone (Pz); (F) this zone is composed by small microvilli (Mv) that protrude on the surface of the oocyte and follicular cells.

Fig. 1 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 1. In the testes, stained with toluidine blue-borax, (A) the germinal compartment is digitiform ending in blind bottom and the genesis of the germ cells follows from the distal portion of the lobes to the lumen, as indicated by lines drawn and the arrow, respectively; (B) the interstitial compartment contains blood vessels (Bv), myoid cells (Md), connective tissue (Ct) and Leydig cells (Ld); (C) there are spermatogonia that begin the genesis and form cysts (circle) organized by the Sertoli cells (B - St); (D) this gives rise to the primary spermatocytes (white circle), and then the secondary spermatocytes (black circle); (E) so occurs the formation of the spermatids (circle); (F) and the cysts break to release the spermatozoa (Sz).

Fig. 4 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 4. The oocyte growth continues (stained with toluidine blue-borax) so (A-B) the cortical alveoli (Ca) are arranged on the periphery of the oocyte at first and (C-D) become progressively larger forming large vesicles that border the oocyte surface (as indicated by the arrows); (E) beginning the secondary growth of the ovarian follicle, there is a nucleus with grooves (Gr), the nucleoli (No) are installed in these grooves, the yolk (Y) is accumulating and the pellucid zone is becoming thicker (F and G - Pz); (F) acidic polysaccharides toluidine blue metachromatic and PAS positive neutral polysaccharides (circles) (stained with PAS+Hematoxilin+Metanil Yellow) and (G) metachromatic granules in toluidine blue (circle) (stained with toluidine blue-borax) are produced and incorporated into the alveoli; (H-K) so, the yolk keeps accumulating during maturation of the oocyte, as indicated by the arrows, until become a (K) mature oocyte.

Fig. 2 in Gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of Melanorivulus aff. punctatus (Boulenger, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Fig. 2. Annual reproductive cycle of male from April/2010 (A) to March/2011 (L), stained with toluidine blue-borax, in which gonads presented themselves as able to reproduce in all months of the year. Observe the continuity and discontinuity of cysts. Spermatogonia (Sg), primary spermatocytes (Sc1), secondary spermatocyte (Sc2), spermatid (Sd), spermatozoa (Sz).

Fig. 8 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 8. Testicular morphological characteristics of the Regression phase in C. kelberi. (a) Testicular proximal region, highlighting the big volume of melano-macrophage centers (mmc). (b) Gonad in restructuration with details to the Sertoli cells phagocytizing (Sp) the residual sperm (rSz), and the apoptotic cells (double arrow). (c) Transversal section along the testis in Regression. (d) Testicular periphery (dorsal region) highlighting the intense proliferation of primary spermatogonia in this region (Sg). primary spermatogonial cluster (dotted line); I - interstitial tissue; Sp - Sertoli cell in phagocytosis; Sc1 - primary spermatocysts; Sg1 - primary spermatogonia; Sg2 - secondary spermatogonia. H.E. stain.

Fig. 7 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 7. Testicular morphological characteristics of Late GE Development phase in C. kelberi. (a) Longitudinal section of the main testicular duct (dt). (b) Germinal epithelium discontinuity in the distal region of the testicular lobules (asterisk). (c) Spermatogenic cysts in different development phases, highlighting the spermatocytes cyst in metaphase (mt) of the first meiotic division. (d) Discontinuity of the germinal epithelium along the testicle. H.E. stain. Egd - discontinuous germinal epithelium; mmc - melano-macrophage centers; S - Sertoli cell; Sc1 - primary spermatocysts; Sg1 -primary spermatogonia; Sg2 - secondary spermatogonia cysts; St - spermatids cysts; Sz - sperm. H.E. stain.

Fig. 6 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 6. Testicular morphological characteristics of Mid GE Development phase in C. kelberi. (a and b) Testicular anastomosing region, highlighting the beginning of the germinal epithelium discontinuity (asterisk), in both the anastomosing region and lobules near the main testicular ducts. (c) Discontinuous germinal epithelium, with cysts in different development stages and lots of sperm (Sz) in the lobular lumen. (d) Peripheral lobular region (dorsal) highlighting the continuous germinal epithelium and clusters of primary spermatogonia (dotted line). ar - anastomosing region; dt - main testicular ducts; I - interstice; m - basal membrane; mt - metaphase; S - Sertoli cell; Sc1 - primary spermatocysts; Sg1 - primary spermatogonia; Sg2 - secondary spermatogonia; St - spermatids; ta - tunica albuginea; cytoplasmic extension (hollow arrow). H.E. stain.

Fig. 5 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 5. Testicular morphological characteristics of Early GE Development phase in C. kelberi. (a) Main testicular duct region (dt), highlighting the narrow light (arrow). (b) Testicular lobules with continuous germinal epithelium (Egc) and germ cells cysts in different phases of spermatogenesis. (c) Germ cells cysts in different phases of spermatogenesis. (d) Distal lobular region, highlighting the germ cells clusters (dotted line). Bv - blood vessels; S - Sertoli cell; Sc1 - primary spermatocysts; Sg1 - primary spermatogonia; Sg2 - secondary spermatogonia; St - spermatids; ta - tunica albuginea. H. E. stain.

Fig. 1 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 1. Testicular structure of C. kelberi in transversal section. (a) Testis draft highlighting the different regions. (b) A lobule representation, highlighting the cystic type spermatogenesis and the unrestricted distribution of spermatogonia. (c) Testis ventral region, showing the main testicular duct (dt), anastomosing region (ar) and the beginning of the lobular region (L). Reticulin reaction. (d) Testis dorsal region, highlighting the blind end (double arrow) of the testicular lobules, which are formed by the connective tissue septa sent by tunica albuginea (ta). Reticulin reaction. c - spermatogonial clusters; I - interstice; S - Sertoli cell; Sc - spermatocyte; Sg - spermatogonia; St - spermatid.

Fig. 3 in Reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid yellow peacock bass Cichla kelberi: A novel pattern of testicular development

Fig. 3. Structure of the germinal epithelium in C. kelberi. (a and b) germinal epithelium highlighting the spermatogenic cysts in distinct layers. H.E. stain. (c) Outline highlighting the maintenance of a continuous germinal epithelium after the higher layers cysts break. Sc1 - primary spermatocyte; St - spermatid; Sz - spermatozoa.