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Figure 12 from: Sandberger-Loua L, Müller H, Rödel M-O (2017) A review of the reproductive biology of the only known matrotrophic viviparous anuran, the West African Nimba toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 105-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10489
Figure 12 - Summary of the temporal development of the foetus and male and female reproductive system. The outer layer gives the months as abbreviations and the seasons by colour (yellow: dry season, blue: rainy season). Toads mate between mid-September and mid-October on average, are going underground mid-October and emerge in mid-March from their dormancy sites. Juveniles are born in mid-June (pictograms). Spermatogenesis shows the development within the male reproductive system. Foetal growth gives the speed of development and growth. The uterus shows three phases: a proliferation phase in which the uterine epithelium develops, a secretion phase during the gestation and an apoptosis phase during which the uterine epithelium is completely exchanged (old one removed and new one built). The ovary has two phases: the follicles phase, characterised by follicle growth and the luteal phase characterised by the presence of corpora lutea. Within the female pituitary three cell types show variation within the annual cycle, the glycoprotein type 1 cells and the protein type 1 and type 2 cells. Within the male pituitary as well three cell types show variation (not shown), glycoprotein type 1 cells and glycoprotein type 2 cells in the same way as those of females, whereas protein type 2 cells are only present in July/ August.
Figure 4 from: Sandberger-Loua L, Müller H, Rödel M-O (2017) A review of the reproductive biology of the only known matrotrophic viviparous anuran, the West African Nimba toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 105-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10489
Figure 4 - Female and male cloaca of Nimba toads and a pair in amplexus. The female cloaca (top left) is close to the urostyle, whereas the male cloaca (top right) is ventrally oriented. During mating it swells and encloses the female cloaca. During the amplexus lumbalis the female is constantly horizontally swaying (bottom).
Figure 1 from: Sandberger-Loua L, Müller H, Rödel M-O (2017) A review of the reproductive biology of the only known matrotrophic viviparous anuran, the West African Nimba toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 105-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10489
Figure 1 - The Nimba mountains. Left: elevation map of the Nimba mountains, with an inset map showing the position of the Nimba mountains within West Africa. Right: a large part of the Nimba mountains showing the steep slopes, the high altitude grasslands, the forests in the lowlands and the ravines.
Figure 5 from: Sandberger-Loua L, Müller H, Rödel M-O (2017) A review of the reproductive biology of the only known matrotrophic viviparous anuran, the West African Nimba toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 105-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10489
Figure 5 - Foetal labial papillae. Labial papillae are forming during stage Ia (left) and are well developed at stage Ib (right). See foetal development for more information on developmental stages. Redrawn after Lamotte and Xavier (1972b).
Figure 10 from: Sandberger-Loua L, Müller H, Rödel M-O (2017) A review of the reproductive biology of the only known matrotrophic viviparous anuran, the West African Nimba toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 105-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10489
Figure 10 - Experiments on female ovary, oviduct and uterus removal. Shown are the positions of eggs in the uteri after unilateral ovariectomy (A), after unilateral ovariectomy and the connection between oviduct and uteri bound at the side with the still present ovary (B), unilateral ovariectomy and the oviduct and uterus at the side of the still present ovary removed (C) and the unilateral removal of the oviduct and the uterus without ovariectomy (D). The red cross indicates the ovary removed, the red lines indicate positions where either oviduct (B) or the uterus (C and D) were bound. The two-headed arrow with the two red lines indicates that eggs apparently do not wander from one uterus to the other passing the common tube. Redrawn after Xavier (1971).
Figure 11 from: Sandberger-Loua L, Müller H, Rödel M-O (2017) A review of the reproductive biology of the only known matrotrophic viviparous anuran, the West African Nimba toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 105-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10489
Figure 11 - Male during the mating season, showing pronounced nuptial pads on the thumbs. © Joseph Doumbia
Figure 3 from: Sandberger-Loua L, Müller H, Rödel M-O (2017) A review of the reproductive biology of the only known matrotrophic viviparous anuran, the West African Nimba toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 105-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10489
Figure 3 - Nimba toad females. Left: a young female towards the end of the rainy season. Right: a large gestating female in June, shortly before parturition.
Figure 8 from: Sandberger-Loua L, Müller H, Rödel M-O (2017) A review of the reproductive biology of the only known matrotrophic viviparous anuran, the West African Nimba toad, Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 105-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10489
Figure 8 - Embryonic development. Shown are the eight stages as found in the literature. Redrawn after Lamotte and Xavier (1972b).
Figure 3 from: Shi W, Wen J, Zhao Y, Johnson G, Pan B (2017) Reproductive biology and variation of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences in the Calligonum mongolicum complex (Polygonaceae). PhytoKeys 76: 71-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10428
Figure 3 - Maximum likelihood tree for 43 (in-group) Calligonum nrITS and ETS sequences produced with RAxML. Numbers adjacent to (relevant) nodes represent maximum likelihood value and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Branches marked with an asterisk collapse on the maximum likelihood strict consensus tree of the same dataset. The branch marked with a number sign collapses on the Bayesian majority rule consensus tree of the same dataset.
Figure 4 from: Shi W, Wen J, Zhao Y, Johnson G, Pan B (2017) Reproductive biology and variation of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences in the Calligonum mongolicum complex (Polygonaceae). PhytoKeys 76: 71-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10428
Figure 4 - Neighbour-net analyses of the Calligonum mongolicum complex, Calligonum ebinuricum, Calligonum calliphysa and closely related taxa based on uncorrected p-distances. Numbers indicate bootstrap values over 1000 replicates.
Figure 2 from: Shi W, Wen J, Zhao Y, Johnson G, Pan B (2017) Reproductive biology and variation of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences in the Calligonum mongolicum complex (Polygonaceae). PhytoKeys 76: 71-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10428
Figure 2 - Equatorial view of pollen grains of the Calligonum mongolicum complex under SEM micrographs.1 Calligonum mongolicum 2 Calligonum chinense 3 Calligonum gobicum 4 Calligonum pumilum and 5. Calligonum zaidamense.
Figure 1 from: Shi W, Wen J, Zhao Y, Johnson G, Pan B (2017) Reproductive biology and variation of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences in the Calligonum mongolicum complex (Polygonaceae). PhytoKeys 76: 71-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10428
Figure 1 - The phenological phases of the Calligonum mongolicum complex. 1 Calligonum mongolicum 2 Calligonum chinense 3 Calligonum gobicum 4 Calligonum pumilum and 5 Calligonum zaidamense.
Fig. 5 in Reproductive biology of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) (Teleostei: Characidae) in the Cuiabá River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Fig. 5. Relative frequency of the stage of gonadal maturation (MA) by collection period for P. mesopotamicus females () and males () with the monthly variations in rainfall () and water level () in the headwaters (a, b) and the flood area (c, d), respectively, between August 2006 and July 2007.
Figure 4 in Reproductive biology of Elops lacerta (Elopiformes: Elopidae) in the Gulf of Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa
Figure 4. - Monthly mean variations in hepatosomatic index (HSI) of Elops lacerta males and females caught January 2019 at December 2020 in the study area.
Figure 3 in Reproductive biology of Elops lacerta (Elopiformes: Elopidae) in the Gulf of Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa
Figure 3. – Monthly mean variations in gonadosomatic index (GSI) of male and female Elops lacerta caught January 2019 at December 2020 in the study area.
Figure 2 in Reproductive biology of Elops lacerta (Elopiformes: Elopidae) in the Gulf of Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa
Figure 2. – Histograms showing the monthly proportions of female (A) and male (B) Elops lacerta in each stage of gonadal development (stage I = Immature stage; stage II = Immature stage; stage III = developing stage; stage IV = developed/pre-spawning stage; stage V = spawning stage; stage VI = spent stage).
Figure 7 in Reproductive biology of Elops lacerta (Elopiformes: Elopidae) in the Gulf of Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa
Figure 7. - Relationship between potential annual fecundity and fork length (A); relationship between potential annual fecundity and whole weight (B) of Elops lacerta.
FIGURE 4 in Reproductive biology of Parona signata (Actinopterygii: Carangidae), a valuable economic resource, in the coastal area of Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
FIGURE 4 | Frequency distribution of oocyte diameters (n=3,000 oocytes measured of Parona signata). From black bars to white bars: primary growth oocyte, cortical alveoli, yolked oocytes and hydrated oocytes, respectively.
Fig. 2 in Reproductive biology of Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829), the major fishery resource in Guanabara Bay, Brazil
Fig. 2. Number of Cetengraulis edentulus per size classes (mm) of total length (white column = female; black column = male) in Guanabara Bay.
Fig. 9 in Reproductive biology of Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829), the major fishery resource in Guanabara Bay, Brazil
Fig. 9. Mean values (± standard error) of the fullness index between months and seasons of Cetengraulis edentulus in Guanabara Bay.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.