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2,679 results for “softness”
Data from: Burrowing crab effects on the properties and functions of coastal soft sediments
<p>Burrowing ecosystem engineers, such as termites, crabs, marmots, and foxes, can profoundly affect the biological structure and ecosystem functions of their environments. However, the relative importance of burrowing engineers on sediments are challenging to predict and are expected to be influenced by engineer density, engineer functional traits (e.g., burrow morphology), and environmental conditions (e.g., geomorphology, vegetation presence). To develop robust hypotheses predicting the impacts of burrowing ecosystem engineers, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis evaluating the effects of burrowing crabs on sediment properties, nutrient stocks, and ecosystem functions in coastal soft-sediment habitats (e.g., salt marshes, mangrove forests, tidal flats). The data set includes 1422 effect size calculations for the effects of burrowing crabs on sediments collected from 59 total manuscripts. The data suggest that burrowing crabs rework and oxygenate sediments and accelerate rates of nutrient cycling (i.e., nitrification and CO<sub>2</sub> flux). However, the magnitude and direction of burrowing crab effects depend on burrowing crab superfamily, the presence of vegetation, and their interaction. Crab burrow density does not consistently predict burrowing engineer effects on sediments. </p>
Hard edges, soft edges, and species range evolution: A genomic analysis of the Cumberland Plateau salamander
<p>Aim: Gene flow from central to edge populations is thought to limit population growth at range edges by constraining local adaptation. In this study, we explore the thesis that range edges can differ in their dynamics and be either "hard" (e.g. a river) or "soft" (e.g. ecological gradients). We hypothesize that soft edge populations will have smaller effective population sizes than central populations and that gene flow will be greater from the center to the edge than vice versa. Conversely, we hypothesize that hard edge populations should have similar effective population sizes to central populations and that gene flow will be equal between the two.</p> <p>Location: Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia, USA. Taxon: <em>Plethodon kentucki </em>(Caudata: Plethodontidae).</p> <p>Methods: We evaluated landscape suitability using an ecological niche model, then we compared gene flow and effective population sizes between edge and central populations and quantified gene flow between populations. Finally, we characterized landscape genetic variation, testing for isolation by distance and isolation by environment. Results: We found continuously decreasing habitat quality along soft edges, with hard edges more variable. Additionally, we found that soft edges had lower effective population sizes than central populations and that gene flow was greater from the center of the range to the soft edges than the reverse. In hard edges, by contrast, we found effective population sizes in edge populations were similar to central populations, with relatively equal gene flow in both directions.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Understanding why species have range limits is central to investigations of the structure of biodiversity, yet the evolutionary dynamics of range edges remain poorly understood. We show that within a single species with a small range, the evolutionary dynamics operating at range boundaries may depend on the nature of the boundary.</p>
Data for "Image-based Backbone Reconstruction for Non-Slender Soft Robots"
<p>This dataset provides the data for the forthcoming paper "Image-based Backbone Reconstruction for Non-Slender Soft Robots". The backbone reconstruction method used is based on the method described in Hoffmann et al. [1]. The modifications to this method to support the non-slender soft robot in this dataset are described in the forthcoming paper mentioned above. This dataset holds raw images of pressurized and elongated soft robots and the corresponding reconstructed backbones.</p> <h2>Dataset</h2> <p>The dataset is split into two subsets with similar structure. The first subset is contained in `dataset_01`. The second dataset is contained in `dataset_02`.</p> <p>Each subset consists of five folders and one schedule file. The schedule file `schedule.csv` contains the index of the schedule entry, the angle <span>α</span> in degree, the pressure of each chamber p_1 to p_3 in bar and if the pressurization is active. Furthermore, the five folders of the subset can be described as follows</p> <p>- `raw`: Contains the raw cropped images. The filenames are formatted as `CROPPED_C{CAMERA_INDEX}_E{SCHEDULE_ENTRY}.png` with the camera index `CAMERA_INDEX` and the schedule entry `SCHEDULE_ENTRY`.</p> <p>-`constant_curvature_slender`, `constant_curvature_volumetric`, `cubic_curvature_slender` and `cubic_curvature_volumetric`. These folders contain the actual reconstructed backbones based on the raw data from the `raw` folder. A different reconstruction approach was used in each of these folders<br> - `constant_curvature_slender` - A constant curvature backbone kinematic based on the slender model,<br> - `constant_curvature_volumetric` - A constant curvature backbone kinematic based on the volumetric model,<br> - `cubic_curvature_slender` - A cubic curvature backbone kinematic based on the slender model,<br> - `cubic_curvature_volumetric` - A cubic curvature backbone kinematic based on the volumetric model.<br>Each of these folders contain a `data` and `figures` folder. The data folder consists of `PARAMETER_E{SCHEDULE_ENTRY}.json` files listing the optimization parameters for each schedule entry `SCHEDULE_ENTRY` in the JSON format. The `figures` folder contains annotated images of the reconstructed backbone on the cropped raw images. The filenames are structured `ANNOTATED_E{SCHEDULE_ENTRY}_C{CAMERA_INDEX}_EPOCH{EPOCH}.png` with the schedule entry `SCHEDULE_ENTRY`, the camera index `CAMERA_INDEX` and the epoch `EPOCH` of the optimization algorithm.</p> <p>The optimization parameters include the base position `base_position` of the reconstructed backbone in world coordinates, the coefficients for the curvature polynomials `ux` and `uy`, and the constant coefficient for the elongation polynomial `la`.</p> <h2>Calibration Data</h2> <p>The calibration data is located in the `calibration` folder and consists of multiple `.npy` files in the numpy format. The corresponding camera index for the calibrated camera is abbreviated with `CAMERA_INDEX` in the following:</p> <ul> <li>`C{CAMERA_INDEX}.npy` - Stores the reprojection error, camera matrix, distortion coefficients, rotation, and translation vectors as returned by the `cv2.calibrateCamera` [2] method. </li> <li>`C{CAMERA_INDEX}_camera_matrix.npy` - Stores the camera_matrix as returned by the `cv2.calibrateCamera` [2] method. </li> <li>`C{CAMERA_INDEX}_distortion_coefficients.npy` - Stores the distortion coefficients as returned by the `cv2.calibrateCamera` [2] method. </li> <li> `C{CAMERA_INDEX}_projection_matrix.npy` - Stores the projection matrix from world space to pixel space based on the stereo camera calibration.</li> <li> `STEREO.npy` - Stores the reprojection error, R, T, E, F as returned by the `cv2.stereoCalibrate` [2] method as an object datatype.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgement</h2> <p>Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 501861263 – SPP2353</p> <h2>References</h2> <p>[1] M. K. Hoffmann, J. Mühlenhoff, Z. Ding, T. Sattel and K. Flaßkamp. An iterative closest point algorithm for marker-free 3D shape registration of continuum robots. arXiv.<br>https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.15336</p> <p>[2] OpenCV. Camera Calibration and 3D Reconstruction. OpenCV Documentation. https://docs.opencv.org/4.x/d9/d0c/group__calib3d.html, accessed May 27, 2024.</p>
Flight dataset for perching with soft claw
<p><span>This document shows the dataset of the flight experiments for perching experimentation with a soft claw attached under the robotic bird. In the dataset log files, information on the position, orientation, input signals, and velocities of the robot during the flights were recorded.</span><span> </span></p>
Teachers' knowledge of soft skills and flipped classrooms: nursing and health technologies
<p><strong><span>Background</span></strong><span>: Soft skills and flipped classrooms are important in the fields of education, nursing, and health techniques. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span>: This study determined nursing teachers’ knowledge of soft skills and flipped classrooms.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Design</span></strong><span>: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical focus involving 100 teachers.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Settings</span></strong><span>: The study was conducted at </span><span>a higher institute of nursing professions and health techniques—ISPITS at Agadir and its annex in Tiznit.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Participants</span></strong><span>:</span><span> One hundred permanent and part-time teachers (with an equal distribution of male and female teachers) at ISPITS in Agadir and its annex in Tiznit participated in the survey.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span> A five-part</span><span> questionnaire was used to collect data. The independent variable was the use of a flipped classroom and the dependent variable was the development of soft skills. SPSS version 25 software was used to process the data. A Chi-square test, Ficher’s test, a binary logistic regression test, and a multivariate logistic regression model were employed for data analysis.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: In total, 80% of the participants had knowledge of soft skills, and 75% knew about flipped classrooms. The most important soft skills were considered to be communication, stress management, teamwork, conflict management, problem-solving, time management, critical thinking, autonomy, adaptability, and decision-making. The five soft skills considered most likely to be developed by flipped classrooms were autonomy, analysis, teamwork, communication, and time management. Furthermore, the development of soft skills through the flipped classrooms was independently associated with soft skills training (p=0.008) and the use of the flipped classrooms (p=0.042).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong><span>: Teachers have knowledge of soft skills and flipped classrooms despite a lack of training, and flipped classrooms contribute to the development of soft skills</span></p>
A dataset of throat-related events collected with a soft skin-attachable vibration sensor
<p>This dataset is collected using a skin-attachable sensor placed on the laryngeal prominence. The sensor measures various throat-related events, including coughing, speaking, swallowing, and throat clearing. The dataset is divided into a training set and a test set, each containing different types and quantities of events.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Training set</strong></p> <p>The training set comprises the following throat-related events:</p> <p>1. Coughing: 1,984 instances<br>2. Speaking (English): 2,107 instances<br>3. Swallowing: 2,028 instances<br>4. Throat Clearing: 2,089 instances</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Test set</strong></p> <p>The test set includes a diverse range of events to evaluate the model's performance:</p> <p>1. Coughing: 150 instances<br>2. Speaking (multiple languages): 333 instances (comprising English, French, German, Korean, and Spanish)<br>3. Swallowing: 161 instances<br>4. Throat Clearing: 148 instances</p> <p> </p> <p>This dataset offers labeled throat-related events for training and testing machine learning models.</p>
Data from: Bistable soft jumper capable of fast response and high take-off velocity
<p>In contrast to jumping robots made from rigid materials, soft jumpers composed of compliant and elastically deformable materials exhibit superior impact resistance and mechanically robust functionality. However, recent efforts to create stimuli-responsive jumpers from soft materials are limited in their response speed, take-off velocity, and travel distance. Here, we report a magnetic-driven, ultrafast bistable soft jumper that exhibits the highest jumping capability (jumping over 108 body heights with a take-off velocity of over 2 m/s) and the fastest response time (less than 15 ms) compared to previous soft jumping robots. The snap-through transitions between bistable states form a repeatable loop that harnesses the ultrafast release of stored elastic energy. Based on the dynamic analysis, the multimodal locomotion of the bistable soft jumper can be realized: the interwell mode of jumping and the intrawell mode of hopping. These modes are controlled by adjusting the duration and strength of the magnetic field, which endows the bistable soft jumper with robust locomotion capabilities. In addition, it is capable of jumping omnidirectionally with tunable heights and distances. To demonstrate its capability in complex environment, a realistic pipeline with amphibious terrain was established. The jumper successfully finished the simulative task of cleansing polluted water through the pipeline. The design principle and actuating mechanism of the bistable soft jumper can be further extended for other flexible systems.</p>
Data for the manuscript named 'Soft X-ray imaging of the magnetosheath and cusps under different solar wind conditions: MHD simulations'
<p> This is the data used by the manuscript named 'Soft X-ray imaging of the magnetosheath and cusps under different solar wind conditions: MHD simulations'.</p> <p> The uploaded data is the X-ray intensity data for all the five cases studied in the manuscritpt. 'Casen' (n=1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) in the name of each data file indicates the case number, and 'sat pointX' (X=A, B, C, D) show the satellite positions analyzed in the manuscript. </p> <p> The data can be read by IDL using the following program statments:</p> <p>openr,lun,datai,/get_lun<br> xgse=0. & ygse=0. & zgse=0.<br> readf,lun,xgse,ygse,zgse ;;;;(satellite position in the GSE coordinate)<br> xsat=0. & ysat=0. & zsat=0.<br> readf,lun,xsat,ysat,zsat ;;;;(satellite position in the GSM coordinate)<br> xpoint=0. & ypoint=0. & zpoint=0.<br> readf,lun,xpoint,ypoint,zpoint ;;;;(satellite pointing of SXI, aim point)<br> nthtmax=0L & nphimax=0L<br> readf,lun,nthtmax,nphimax ;;;;(number of the tht and phi grids)<br> thti=fltarr(nthtmax) & phii=fltarr(nphimax)<br> readf,lun,thti,format='(e14.6)' ;;;;(the tht grids)<br> readf,lun,phii,format='(e14.6)' ;;;;(the phi grids)<br> Pxraytp=fltarr(nthtmax,nphimax)<br> readf,lun,Pxraytp,format='(e14.6)' ;;;;(X-ray intensity)<br> close,lun<br> free_lun,lun</p>
Dataset from: Honert and Zelik (2019) "Foot and shoe responsible for majority of soft tissue work in early stance of walking"
<p>Raw and processed full body kinematics and kinetics for Honert and Zelik, 2019, "Foot and shoe responsible for majority of soft tissue work in early stance of walking" <em>Human Movement Science.</em></p>
Figure 2 in Spatial and temporal variations of soft bottom polychaetes of Sinop Peninsula (southern Black Sea) with new records
Figure 2. Dendrogram of the sampling stations (A: autumn, W: winter, Sp: spring, S: summer).
Figure 1 in Spatial and temporal variations of soft bottom polychaetes of Sinop Peninsula (southern Black Sea) with new records
Figure 1. Map of the sampling stations.
FIGURE 4 in Soft-tissue anatomy of the Plesiosaur pectoral girdle inferred from basal Eosauropterygia taxa and the extant phylogenetic bracket
FIGURE 4. Humeral insertions in a basal neodiapsid, Nothosaurus and Cryptoclidus.
Soft skills found in job adverts in Cyprus from ESEM 2024 paper (analysis results)
<p>This dataset contains results from the analysis on Soft skills requested in the software industry found in job adverts in Cyprus collected in early 2023 and early 2024.</p> <p>The dataset contains the following:</p> <ul> <li>Soft skills found in all job adverts</li> <li>Soft skills differences between 2023 and 2024 job adverts</li> <li>Job positions categories in the job adverts</li> <li>Soft skills per job position category</li> <li>Soft skills per company size</li> </ul> <p>The relevant publication has been accepted in the 18th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM 2024 - <a href="https://conf.researchr.org/track/esem-2024/esem-2024-technical-track#event-overview">https://conf.researchr.org/track/esem-2024/esem-2024-technical-track#event-overview</a>):</p> <p><em>Georgia Kapitsaki, Loukas Chatzivasili, Maria Papoutsoglou, Matthias Galster, "An Exploratory Study on Soft Skills present in Software Positions in Cyprus: a quasi-Replication Study", ESEM 2024.</em></p>
Data for Responsive Soft Interface Liquid Crystal Microfluidics
<p>The data used in the article entitled Responsive Soft Interface Liquid Crystal Microfluidics.</p>
An Empirical Model of Soft Bellows Actuator
<p>The dataset includes:</p> <p>(1) bellows CAD files</p> <p>(2) experimental videos of output force estimation of gripper 1</p> <p>(3) experimental videos of handling products</p> <p> </p>
silo discharge of mixtures of soft and hard grains in a 3D silo
<p>This dataset contains experimental data as well as simulation data for the study of granular mixtures of hard frictional beads and soft low-friction beads flowing in a cylindrical silo. The data processing is described in readme.txt respectively. The corresponding scripts are included in the folders.</p> <p>The discharge of granular mixtures of hard frictional beads and soft low-friction beads was studied in a cylindrical silo through experiments and simulations. Flow rate depends on fill height for 100% soft grains but remains constant for 100% hard grains. Mixing the two types of grains causes an abrupt transition: adding just 20% hard grains to soft grains changes the flow behavior significantly, it reduces the slope of the flow rate curve by 50-70%. Simulations show that this is due to the stress sensitivity near the orifice. Additional tests reveal increased dissipation with more hard grains, though not enough to explain the sharp flow rate change.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset for Soft X-Ray Phase Nanomicroscopy of Micrometer-Thick Magnets
<p>The data associated with publication "Soft X-Ray Phase Nanomicroscopy of Micrometer-Thick Magnets"</p> <h5>Neethirajan et al., Phys. Rev. X <strong>14</strong>, 031028 – Published 15 August 2024</h5>
Concentration of selected proteins in plasma of patient with soft tissue infections or sepsis
<p>The dataset includes two tabular sets of concentration measurements of selected proteins in plasma samples from patients with soft tissue infections or sepsis. Patients with soft tissue infections are classified into three groups: Patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI), suspected NSTI cases but where no necrotic tissue was found during surgical exploration (Non-NSTI) and cellulitis. The sepsis patient cohort has heterogeneous etiologies and location of infection. Additionally, we included a group of patients that had surgery related to non-infectious conditions as a healthy cohort of patients (Surgical control).</p> <p>The measurements were performed by Luminex® multiplex immunoassay or ELISA. Each of the two sets were obtained from independent rounds of measurements and differ in the panel of analytes measured and samples included. The first set of measurements (Set01) covers 39 analytes measured in two sets of customized multiplex plates (32-plex and 5-plex), and two in independent ELISA assays. These analytes were measured in 251 NSTI samples, 20 Non-NSTI, 19 cellulitis and 20 surgical controls. The second set of measurements (Set02) consist of a subset of 10 analytes included in the first set and were measured in two multiplex plates (4-plex and 6-plex). The second round of measurements were carried out in 60 additional NSTI patients and 24 sepsis patients.</p> <p>Lastly, imputation of censored data was carried out only in the first set of measurements and the resulting data is also available in the current data set (Set01_imputed).</p>
Data from: A Silurian ophiuroid with soft tissue preservation
<p>Palaeozoic brittle stars are not equipped with the fused arm ossicles (vertebrae) that facilitate the remarkable mode of walking that characterizes living forms. Here we describe a stem ophiuroid from the Herefordshire Lagerstätte (Silurian, Wenlock Series) which is remarkable in preserving the body cavity uncompacted and long tube feet which lack suckers. We tentatively assign the specimen to Protaster. The morphology of the arms and attitude of the specimen suggest that locomotion was achieved by arm propulsion combined with podial walking. The ophiuroid was also capable of different types of feeding strategies. This protasterid ophiuroid increases the diversity of echinoderm higher taxa with preserved soft parts represented in the Herefordshire Lagerstätte.</p>
The first Silurian trilobite with three-dimensionally preserved soft parts reveals novel appendage morphology
<p>The first Silurian trilobite known with soft parts preserved, a <i>Dalmanites</i> species, is described from the Herefordshire Lagerstätte. Biramous appendages and much of the alimentary system are evident. High-fidelity three-dimensional preservation reveals a novel, double arrangement of the exopod filaments, interconnected by a presumed membranous sheet. This morphology explains a misinterpretation of the exopod as supporting spiral structures, originally reported nearly 150 years ago. The new exopod morphology is considered primarily respiratory in function and comparison with other trilobite limbs suggests that it may be unique to Phacopida.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.