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FIGURE 6 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins

FIGURE 6. Dipolydora spinosa sp. nov. morphometric relationships. A, caruncle length and anterior position of gizzard-like structure versus total number of chaetigers. B, last branchiate chaetiger and anterior position of notopodial awl-like spines versus total number of chaetigers. Correlation coefficients (r) and their significance are reported in Table 1.

FIGURE 5 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins

FIGURE 5. Morphology of Dipolydora spinosa sp. nov. (in life). A, B, anterior end, dorsal view. C, middle chaetigers, dorsal view, showing gizzard-like structure. D, gizzard-like structure, dorsal view, showing grain-like structures in the wall. Abbreviation: ch5 = chaetiger 5; gi = gizzard-lile structure. Scale bars: A–C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm. A, C, D—41-chaetiger individual; B—70-chaetiger individual. A–D—MIMB 42719.

FIGURE 3 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins

FIGURE 3. Morphology of Dipolydora echinata sp. nov. (formalin-fixed holotype MIMB 42702 stained with methylene green). A, posterior end, dorsal view. B, notopodia of posterior chaetiger with thin protruding capillary chaetae and thick embedded awl-like spines. C, pygidium, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C = 50 µm.

FIGURE 8 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins

FIGURE 8. Morphology of Dipolydora spinosa sp. nov. A–F, chaetiger 5 chaetae: A, C, bilimbate companion chaetae; B, D, falcate spines in lateral view; E, ventral capillary chaeta; F, dorsal superior geniculate capillary chaeta. G, H, neurochaetae from chaetiger 7: G, inferior winged capillary chaeta; H, bidentate hooded hook. I, J, neurochaetae from a posterior most chaetiger: I, inferior hair-like capillary chaeta; J, bidentate hooded hook. K, L, notochaetae from a posterior most chaetiger: K, three awl-like spines with basal part blunt; L, capillary chaeta. M, octad of spermatids (one below is not visible). Scale bars: A–J, K, L = 20 µm; M = 5 µm. A–J—MIMB 42714; K–M—MIMB 42715.

FIGURE 2 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins

FIGURE 2. Morphology of Dipolydora echinata sp. nov. A, anterior end, dorsal view. B–H, chaetiger 5 chaetae: B, D, bilimbate companion chaetae; C, E, F, falcate spines in lateral view (C, F) and in rear view (E); G, ventral capillary chaeta; H, dorsal superior geniculate capillary chaeta. I, J, neurochaetae from chaetiger 7: I, inferior winged capillary chaeta; J, bidentate hooded hook. K, L, neurochaetae from a posterior most chaetiger: K, inferior hair-like capillary chaeta; L, bidentate hooded hook. M–O, notochaetae from a posterior most chaetiger: M, partially developed awl-like spine with basal part blunt; N, fully developed awl-like spine with basal part pointed; O, capillary chaeta. P, tetrad of spermatids. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm. A–P—MIMB 42701.

FIGURE 9 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins

FIGURE 9. Morphology and reproduction of Dipolydora spinosa sp. nov. (in life). A, complete female, left lateral view, palps missing. B, anterior end, dorsal view, palps missing. C, a part of a brood laid by female inside its burrow in the shell, showing egg capsules joined in a string and containing trochophores. D, trochophores and abortive eggs from the capsules shown on C. Abbreviations: ab = abortive eggs; mo = mouth. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, C = 300 µm; D = 30 µm. A, B—paratype MIMB 42720; C, D—egg capsules deposited by holotype MIMB 42721.

FIGURE 1 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins

FIGURE 1. Maps showing sampling locations in the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea (A) and Nha Trang Bay (B).

FIGURE 4 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins

FIGURE 4. Morphology of Dipolydora spinosa sp. nov. (formalin-fixed 41-chaetiger paratype MIMB 42719 stained with methylene green). A, anterior end, dorsal view. B, chaetigers 10–20, dorsal view, showing remains of larval pigmentation and pattern of MG staining. Abbreviations: ch10, ch20 = chaetigers 10 and 20; dl = dorso-lateral melanophores; do = dorsal paired melanophores; la = lateral melanophores; me = median vesiculate melanophores. Scale bars: A, B = 50 µm.

FIGURE 13 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins

FIGURE 13. Morphology of Dipolydora vietnamita sp. nov. A–F, chaetiger 5 chaetae: A, C, bilimbate companion chaetae; B, D, falcate spines in lateral view; E, ventral capillary chaeta; F, dorsal superior geniculate capillary chaeta. G, H, neurochaetae from chaetiger 7: G, inferior winged capillary chaeta; H, bidentate hooded hook. I, J, neurochaetae from a posterior most chaetiger: I, inferior hair-like capillary chaeta; J, bidentate hooded hook. K, tetrad of spermatids. Scale bars: A–J = 20 µm; K = 5 µm. A–K—MIMB 42724.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Reproductive interference alters species coexistence in nematodes due to asymmetric sperm-induced harm

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Simonik et al Human Sperm Bioenergetics RAW data

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dryad32/100

Daily and hourly sperm whale presence in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands

<p>Sperm whales exhibit sexual dimorphism and sex-specific latitudinal segregation. Females and their young form social groups and are usually found in temperate and tropical latitudes, while males forage at higher latitudes. Historical whaling data and rare sightings of social groups in high latitude regions of the North Pacific, such as the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands (BSAI), suggest a more nuanced distribution than previously understood. Sperm whales are the most sighted and recorded cetacean in marine mammal surveys in these regions but capturing their demographic composition and habitat use has proven challenging. This study detects sperm whale presence using passive acoustic data from seven sites in the GOA and BSAI from 2010 to 2019. Differences in click characteristics between males and females (i.e., inter-click and inter-pulse interval) was used as a proxy for animal size/sex to derive time series of animal detections. Generalized additive models with generalized estimation equations demonstrate how spatiotemporal patterns differ between the sexes. Social groups were present at all recording sites with the largest relative proportion at two seamount sites in the GOA and an island site in the BSAI. We found that the seasonal patterns of presence varied for the sexes and between the sites. Male presence was highest in the summer and lowest in the winter, conversely, social group peak presence was in the winter for the BSAI and in the spring for the GOA region, with the lowest presence in the summer months. This study demonstrates that social groups are not restricted to lower latitudes and capture their present-day habitat use in the North Pacific. It highlights that sperm whale distribution is more complex than accounted for in management protocol and underscores the need for improved understanding of sperm whale demographic composition to better understand the impacts of increasing anthropogenic threats, particularly climate change.</p>

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Fig. 8 in The sperm aggregation in a whirligig beetle (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae): structure, functions, and comparison with related taxa

Fig. 8 Phylogenetic relationships of Adephaga and the sperm aggregation. Phylogenies of (A) Gyrinidae (Obtained and modified from Miller & Bergsten, 2012) and (B) Adephaga (Obtained and modified from Gustafson et al., 2020). Forms of sperm aggregation are represented in the phylogenetic trees. Schematic representations based from (a) this study, (b) Dallai & Afzelius, 1985, (c) Breland & Simmons,

Fig. 3 in The sperm aggregation in a whirligig beetle (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae): structure, functions, and comparison with related taxa

Fig. 3 Spermatozoa and first sperm bundle of Gyretes sp. extracted from the efferent ducts. Photographs under LM. A. Individualized spermatozoid. The arrow indicates the transition between the nucleus (n) and flagellum (f). B–D. Nuclei stained with DAPI. B. Observe the lateral extension of the n in the posterior extremity (arrow). C. Mag-

Fig. 1 in The sperm aggregation in a whirligig beetle (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae): structure, functions, and comparison with related taxa

Fig. 1 Spermatogenesis of Gyretes sp. Histological sections under LM. A. Spermatogonia. B–J. testicular cysts at different stages of development. B. Spermatocytes. C, D. Younger spermatids. E–I. Elongation of the cytoplasm and then of the nucleus (n) of the spermatids. Note in (E) the young spermatids with nebenkern (nb), which will give rise to mitochondrial derivatives. J. Cyst at the end of sper-

Fig. 2 in The sperm aggregation in a whirligig beetle (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae): structure, functions, and comparison with related taxa

Fig. 2 Male reproductive tract of Gyretes sp. A. General view of the reproductive structures: part of a testis (t), efferent duct (ed), vasa deferentia (vd), and accessory glands (ag) (one testis, efferent and ejaculatory ducts (ed) were removed). The yellow dotted lines indicate the approximate region shown in the histological sections. Longitudinal (B–D) and transversal (E) sections under LM. B, C. Sper-

Fig. 4 in The sperm aggregation in a whirligig beetle (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae): structure, functions, and comparison with related taxa

Fig. 4 Secondary aggregation of the spermatozoa of Gyretes sp. extracted from the second portion of the vasa deferentia. Photographs under LM (A–C) and SEM (D–F). A. A complete sperm aggregate showing the spermatostyle (sp) and the spermatozoa. B, E, F. The

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

Fig. 7 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 7 Immunolocalization of MSP in E. brevis sperm. a Immature spermatozoon from male. MSP is diffusely distributed in cytoplasm and concentrated in large granules (scale bar 10 µm). b Spermatozoon recovered from male and partially activated by 10-min incubation in sea water. MSP undergoes transformation resulting in appearance of

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

Fig. 5 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum

Fig. 5 Western blot analysis of MSP in E. brevis. a MSP has unusual mobility in gel and is found as protein with weight 36–38 kDa. Both male and female samples reveal MSP signal, because the latter include inseminated females. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control (approximate weight 55 kDa). b Peptide competition assay confirms reactivity of anti-MSP antibodies with protein band of 36–38 kDa