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FIGURE 2. A in Astragalus durandianus (sect. Trachycercis) as an Iranian endemic species: emended description, distribution, and conservation

FIGURE 2. A specimen of Astragalus durandianus (Faghihnia & Zangooie 27565-FUMH) collected from Hezar-Masjed Mountains (NE Iran) with a relatively large-sized habit.

FIGURE 5 in Astragalus durandianus (sect. Trachycercis) as an Iranian endemic species: emended description, distribution, and conservation

FIGURE 5. Some details of morphological characters in Astragalus durandianus. A) Relatively long terminal branches in fruiting stage (Rafeie & Zangooei 30651-FUMH); B) Floral bracts with black and white hairs (Joharchi & Memariani 46031-FUMH). Scale bars: A=10 mm; B=2 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Astragalus durandianus (sect. Trachycercis) as an Iranian endemic species: emended description, distribution, and conservation

FIGURE 8. GeoCAT distribution map of Astragalus durandianus and estimation of Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) based on IUCN Red List Criteria.

Distribution. NW Madagascar, confined to the Lokobe region on Nosy Be. This may or may not be the species that occurred on the island of Nosy Komba as well, but in any case sportive lemurs have not been observed there for several years; in 2007, D. Zinner and coworkers found that some specimens from the mainland had identical mtDNA to that of the type specimen of the Nosy Be Sportive Lemur. in Lepilemuridae

Distribution. NW Madagascar, confined to the Lokobe region on Nosy Be. This may or may not be the species that occurred on the island of Nosy Komba as well, but in any case sportive lemurs have not been observed there for several years; in 2007, D. Zinner and coworkers found that some specimens from the mainland had identical mtDNA to that of the type specimen of the Nosy Be Sportive Lemur.

Distribution. NE Madagascar, extremely limited distribution in the far N of the island, just to the S of Antsiranana (= Diégo-Suarez), it was formerly believed to inhabit both dry and humid forests from the Montagne d' Ambre region S to the Mahavavy River near Ambilobe in the W, and probably to the Fanambana River S of Vohémarin the E. However, with the recognition of the Ankarana Sportive Lemur (L. ankaranensis) as a distinct species, the range of the Sahafary Sportive Lemur was reduced to a handful of very small remnant forest patches nearthe villages of Madirobe and Ankarongana in the Sahafary region, and in the immediate vicinity of Andrahona, a small mountain rising out of the surrounding lowlands about 30 km south of Antsiranana and E of the RN6 main road. Recent faunal surveys in the Montagne des Francais, a calcareous massif of c.6114 ha approximately 12 km SE of Antsiranana, listed the Sahafary Sportive Lemur as one of the species occurring there, but this needs to be confirmed; it may be widerranging than the Ankarana Sportive Lemur. in Lepilemuridae

Distribution. NE Madagascar, extremely limited distribution in the far N of the island, just to the S of Antsiranana (= Diégo-Suarez), it was formerly believed to inhabit both dry and humid forests from the Montagne d' Ambre region S to the Mahavavy River near Ambilobe in the W, and probably to the Fanambana River S of Vohémarin the E. However, with the recognition of the Ankarana Sportive Lemur (L. ankaranensis) as a distinct species, the range of the Sahafary Sportive Lemur was reduced to a handful of very small remnant forest patches nearthe villages of Madirobe and Ankarongana in the Sahafary region, and in the immediate vicinity of Andrahona, a small mountain rising out of the surrounding lowlands about 30 km south of Antsiranana and E of the RN6 main road. Recent faunal surveys in the Montagne des Francais, a calcareous massif of c.6114 ha approximately 12 km SE of Antsiranana, listed the Sahafary Sportive Lemur as one of the species occurring there, but this needs to be confirmed; it may be widerranging than the Ankarana Sportive Lemur.

Distribution. SE Madagascar, the range of this species currently appears to extend in a NE to SW trajectory from Ranomafana National Park to Andringitra National Park. Nonetheless, the relationships between the various taxa of sportive lemurs in SE Madagascar need further study, and the distributional limits of the Small-toothed Sportive Lemur are still poorly known. in Lepilemuridae

Distribution. SE Madagascar, the range of this species currently appears to extend in a NE to SW trajectory from Ranomafana National Park to Andringitra National Park. Nonetheless, the relationships between the various taxa of sportive lemurs in SE Madagascar need further study, and the distributional limits of the Small-toothed Sportive Lemur are still poorly known.

Distribution. SE Madagascar, from the Mananara River S to the limits of the rainforest near Tolagnaro (= Fort-Dauphin), W limits of the distribution are forests in the Kalambatritra region; the Mananara River serves as a boundary between this species and the White-collared Brown Lemur (FE. cinereiceps), except for isolated populations at Midongy du Sud National Park and Vohipaho, near Vangaindrano. in Lemuridae

Distribution. SE Madagascar, from the Mananara River S to the limits of the rainforest near Tolagnaro (= Fort-Dauphin), W limits of the distribution are forests in the Kalambatritra region; the Mananara River serves as a boundary between this species and the White-collared Brown Lemur (FE. cinereiceps), except for isolated populations at Midongy du Sud National Park and Vohipaho, near Vangaindrano.

Distribution. NW Madagascar; the range is still incompletely known, but it is believed to be restricted to the Ankarafantsika region; the type specimen was collected adjacent to Lac Ravelobe in Ankarafantsika National Park, and the species is also known to occur in the Mariarano Classified Forest, just N of Mahajanga. in Cheirogaleidae

Distribution. NW Madagascar; the range is still incompletely known, but it is believed to be restricted to the Ankarafantsika region; the type specimen was collected adjacent to Lac Ravelobe in Ankarafantsika National Park, and the species is also known to occur in the Mariarano Classified Forest, just N of Mahajanga.

Distribution. CE & SE Madagascar; until recently restricted to the SC portion of the country's rainforests including Ranomafana and Andringitra national parks, Ambositra-Vondrozo Corridor and isolated forests between and to the E ofthese localities (e.g. Ambolomavo, Ifanadiana, Kianjavato), and one locality N of the Manampatrana River (Evendra); recent surveys have now confirmed its presence in the forests of Torotorofotsy, in the region of Andasibe-Mantadia, and 18 sites in and around the Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor, and at five additional sites around the Marolambo forest corridor and as far N as Zahamena National Park, and it extends to near the Midongy du Sud National Park in the S, 670 km S of Zahamena. Reports of large bamboo lemursfitting this species' description have been filtering in from various other remote sites (e.g. Mananara region). in Lemuridae

Distribution. CE & SE Madagascar; until recently restricted to the SC portion of the country's rainforests including Ranomafana and Andringitra national parks, Ambositra-Vondrozo Corridor and isolated forests between and to the E ofthese localities (e.g. Ambolomavo, Ifanadiana, Kianjavato), and one locality N of the Manampatrana River (Evendra); recent surveys have now confirmed its presence in the forests of Torotorofotsy, in the region of Andasibe-Mantadia, and 18 sites in and around the Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor, and at five additional sites around the Marolambo forest corridor and as far N as Zahamena National Park, and it extends to near the Midongy du Sud National Park in the S, 670 km S of Zahamena. Reports of large bamboo lemursfitting this species' description have been filtering in from various other remote sites (e.g. Mananara region).

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Distribution. New Guinea, including Yapen, Mios Num, and Roon Is in Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay, Karkar and Walis Is off the N coast, Raja Ampat Is of Salawati, Sorong, and Misool, SE Papua New Guinea Is of Samarai (= Dinner) and Dufaure (= Dufour), and Aru Is. It is present on many islands of C & S Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Pulau Pandjang, Buru, and the Tayandu and Kai archipelagos). It has been introduced to Selayar I between Sulawesi and Flores (W occurrence of the species), and there are vague records from Flores and Sulawesi, which may also refer to the Selayar population. This species was also apparently introduced to Mussau (St. Matthias Group, NE Bismarck Archipelago) in prehistoric times and to New Ireland I (Bismarck Archipelago) in the 20™ century. in Phalangeridae

Distribution. New Guinea, including Yapen, Mios Num, and Roon Is in Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay, Karkar and Walis Is off the N coast, Raja Ampat Is of Salawati, Sorong, and Misool, SE Papua New Guinea Is of Samarai (= Dinner) and Dufaure (= Dufour), and Aru Is. It is present on many islands of C & S Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Pulau Pandjang, Buru, and the Tayandu and Kai archipelagos). It has been introduced to Selayar I between Sulawesi and Flores (W occurrence of the species), and there are vague records from Flores and Sulawesi, which may also refer to the Selayar population. This species was also apparently introduced to Mussau (St. Matthias Group, NE Bismarck Archipelago) in prehistoric times and to New Ireland I (Bismarck Archipelago) in the 20™ century.

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Distribution. Obi, Bisa, and Obilatu (= Obi-Latoe) Is in the NC Moluccas, Indonesia. Descriptiveor notes. Head-body 36-39 cm, tail 30-33.5 cm; weight 1.1-1.4 kg. The Obi Cuscus is a relatively small cuscus (condylobasal length 65-69 mm). Skull of the Obi Cuscus is similar to that of the Moluccan Cuscus (P. ornatus) and the Gebe Cuscus (P. alexandrae), and it bears a prominent diastema between incisor and canine but is smaller than those species and has smaller teeth. The Obi Cuscus has two color morphs: orange-brown or gray dorsal fur with dark underfur. Ventral fur is white to yellow. Dark dorsal stripe extends from head to mid-back or rump. in Phalangeridae

Distribution. Obi, Bisa, and Obilatu (= Obi-Latoe) Is in the NC Moluccas, Indonesia. Descriptiveor notes. Head-body 36-39 cm, tail 30-33.5 cm; weight 1.1-1.4 kg. The Obi Cuscus is a relatively small cuscus (condylobasal length 65-69 mm). Skull of the Obi Cuscus is similar to that of the Moluccan Cuscus (P. ornatus) and the Gebe Cuscus (P. alexandrae), and it bears a prominent diastema between incisor and canine but is smaller than those species and has smaller teeth. The Obi Cuscus has two color morphs: orange-brown or gray dorsal fur with dark underfur. Ventral fur is white to yellow. Dark dorsal stripe extends from head to mid-back or rump.

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Distribution. NW Australia, patchily across the Kimberley region in Western Australia, from Kalumburu in the N to North Derby in the S, including Bigge and Boongaree Is. The species was recently confirmed to occur in the East Kimberley (Cockburn Ranges) for the first time since its initial scientific discovery in 1917. in Phalangeridae

Distribution. NW Australia, patchily across the Kimberley region in Western Australia, from Kalumburu in the N to North Derby in the S, including Bigge and Boongaree Is. The species was recently confirmed to occur in the East Kimberley (Cockburn Ranges) for the first time since its initial scientific discovery in 1917.

Distribution. Forested regions between the Niger and Sanaga rivers in SE Nigeria and NW Cameroon; squirrel galagos, perhaps this species, have been reported from Ivory Coast. in Galagidae

Distribution. Forested regions between the Niger and Sanaga rivers in SE Nigeria and NW Cameroon; squirrel galagos, perhaps this species, have been reported from Ivory Coast.

FIGURE 1 in A new species and distributional notes on the genus Toktokkus Kamiński & Gearner, 2021 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Sepidiini)

FIGURE 1. Morphology of the newly discovered Toktokkus mariae sp. nov. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) habitus, label data (C), elytral slope (D), aedeagus in lateral and ventral views (E), fifth abdominal ventrite (F). Asterisk indicates elevated elytral rows—main diagnostic feature of T. mariae.

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Subspecies and Distribution. E.p.parvidensG.S.Miller,1940—SVietnam. E. p. ngoclinhensis Zemlemerova et al., 2016 — C highlands of Vietham (Quang Nam and Kon Tum provinces). Euroscaptor parvidens was reportedly found in S Yunnan (China), but the species identification should be reevaluated. in Talpidae

Subspecies and Distribution. E.p.parvidensG.S.Miller,1940—SVietnam. E. p. ngoclinhensis Zemlemerova et al., 2016 — C highlands of Vietham (Quang Nam and Kon Tum provinces). Euroscaptor parvidens was reportedly found in S Yunnan (China), but the species identification should be reevaluated.

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Distribution. Japan, mainly E Honshu and adjacent islands, as well as isolated populations in W Japan, including W Honshu (Hiwa Town, Kyoto City, and Kii Peninsula), Shikoku (Mt Ishizuchi, Mt Tsurugi, and Mt Ohtaki), and Shodoshima I; W limit of distribution on E Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures, where SmallJapanese Mole shows parapatric or mixed distribution with the Large Japanese Mole (M. wogura), a species distributed in W Japan. In Echigo Plain, Niigata Prefecture, the Small Japanese Mole is parapatric with the Echigo Mole (M. etigo). in Talpidae

Distribution. Japan, mainly E Honshu and adjacent islands, as well as isolated populations in W Japan, including W Honshu (Hiwa Town, Kyoto City, and Kii Peninsula), Shikoku (Mt Ishizuchi, Mt Tsurugi, and Mt Ohtaki), and Shodoshima I; W limit of distribution on E Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures, where SmallJapanese Mole shows parapatric or mixed distribution with the Large Japanese Mole (M. wogura), a species distributed in W Japan. In Echigo Plain, Niigata Prefecture, the Small Japanese Mole is parapatric with the Echigo Mole (M. etigo).

Distribution. NW Madgascar, found discontinuously in the coast S of the Manambolo River, from where the distribution swings inland to the uplands before touching the coast again N and E of the Mahavavy River; reports of the Crowned Sifaka as far S as the Sakay River, as far E to Andanotongo, and SE beyond Tsiroanomandidy suggest that its distribution is more complicated than originally believed. Decken's (PF. deckeniz) and Crowned sifakas are often found in the same areas, although the Crowned Sifaka tends to be found further inland than the more coastal Decken's Sifaka. In general, the boundary between these two species is the Mahavavy River, while the Betsiboka River separates the Crowned Sifaka from Coquerel's Sifaka (PF. coquereli). in Indriidae

Distribution. NW Madgascar, found discontinuously in the coast S of the Manambolo River, from where the distribution swings inland to the uplands before touching the coast again N and E of the Mahavavy River; reports of the Crowned Sifaka as far S as the Sakay River, as far E to Andanotongo, and SE beyond Tsiroanomandidy suggest that its distribution is more complicated than originally believed. Decken's (PF. deckeniz) and Crowned sifakas are often found in the same areas, although the Crowned Sifaka tends to be found further inland than the more coastal Decken's Sifaka. In general, the boundary between these two species is the Mahavavy River, while the Betsiboka River separates the Crowned Sifaka from Coquerel's Sifaka (PF. coquereli).

Distribution. CW Madagascar, found mainly between the Manambolo and Mahavavy rivers, the S limit of its distribution does not extend to the Tsiribihina River (which marks the N limit of Verreaux's Sifaka, P. verreauxi). This species and the Crowned Sifaka (PF. coronatus) are often found in the same areas, although the latter tends to be found further inland than the more coastal Decken's Sifaka. in Indriidae

Distribution. CW Madagascar, found mainly between the Manambolo and Mahavavy rivers, the S limit of its distribution does not extend to the Tsiribihina River (which marks the N limit of Verreaux's Sifaka, P. verreauxi). This species and the Crowned Sifaka (PF. coronatus) are often found in the same areas, although the latter tends to be found further inland than the more coastal Decken's Sifaka.

Distribution. NW Madagascar, probably restricted to the Sambirano region, including the Ampasindava Peninsula; the N extent ofits distribution is possibly the Sambirano River and the S limit is the Andranomalaza (= Maetsamalaza) River. The woolly lemur reported from the W slopes of the Manongarivo Special Reserve was originally thought to be the Eastern Woolly Lemur (A. laniger), but subsequently determined to bethis species. in Indriidae

Distribution. NW Madagascar, probably restricted to the Sambirano region, including the Ampasindava Peninsula; the N extent ofits distribution is possibly the Sambirano River and the S limit is the Andranomalaza (= Maetsamalaza) River. The woolly lemur reported from the W slopes of the Manongarivo Special Reserve was originally thought to be the Eastern Woolly Lemur (A. laniger), but subsequently determined to bethis species.

Distribution. NW Madagascar, the core distribution seems to be to the N and E of the Betsiboka River as far as the Bay of Narinda, and this is also the species present in Ankarafantsika National Park. The isolated population farther N in the Ankarana region may also be this species, but, in between, the Sambirano Woolly Lemur (A. unicolor) inhabits both the Ampasindava Peninsula and the Sambirano region, including the Manongarivo Special Reserve. in Indriidae

Distribution. NW Madagascar, the core distribution seems to be to the N and E of the Betsiboka River as far as the Bay of Narinda, and this is also the species present in Ankarafantsika National Park. The isolated population farther N in the Ankarana region may also be this species, but, in between, the Sambirano Woolly Lemur (A. unicolor) inhabits both the Ampasindava Peninsula and the Sambirano region, including the Manongarivo Special Reserve.