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Figure 1 from: Marrón-Becerra A, Hermoso-Salazar M, Rivas G (2020) A new species of the genus Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from northern Mexico. ZooKeys 942: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.50399
Figure 1 Type locality. Tunal River, La Ferrería, Durango state, Mexico (23°57.905'N, 104°39.817'W).
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Trimma (Pisces: Gobiidae) from the northern Palauan Islands western Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 1. Trimma kalum live, Palau. Photo: Hiroshi Nagano.
Shortgrass steppe and northern mixedgrass prairie plant species traits
<p>Despite progress in trait-based ecology, there is limited understanding of the plant traits that structure semiarid grasslands. In particular, it remains unclear how traits that enable plants to cope with water limitation are related to traits that influence other key functions such as herbivore defense and growth. The hypothesis that drought and herbivory exert convergent selection pressures is supported for morphological traits, but largely untested for structural, physiological, and phenological traits. Drought and economic traits can also covary, but where and to what degree remains uncertain.</p> <p>Here we address these uncertainties in semiarid shortgrass steppe and mixedgrass prairie, the largest remaining grasslands in North America. Using a broad selection of traits for 37 of the most common plant species in each ecosystem, we ask whether traits that confer drought tolerance, avoidance and escape covary with herbivore resistance traits and economic traits.</p> <p>Results reveal that both drought tolerance and escape are coordinated with other functions, but in opposite fashion. Drought tolerant species (low leaf osmotic potential and high leaf dry matter content, LDMC) were also herbivore resistant (high leaf toughness and cellulose) and at the 'slow' end of the economic spectrum (low leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus, and high stem density). Conversely, drought escape via early senescence was associated with lower drought tolerance, lower herbivore resistance, and 'fast' economic traits. Drought avoidance, as indicated by thick leaves, may also be associated with lower drought tolerance (LDMC). Senescence date and LDMC appear to be key traits in these semiarid grasslands, differentiating species along multiple axes of function.</p> <p><i>Synthesis</i> – Covariation between drought, herbivory and economic traits means that, of the many potential trait combinations, few actually exist within these grasslands. Consequently, changes in land management and climate should have predictable effects on drought resistance, forage quality and productivity in the western Great Plains. </p>
Figure 1 from: Balke M, Megna YS, Zenteno N, Figueroa L, Hendrich L (2020) Two new species of Liodessus Guignot, 1939 diving beetles from Northern Peru (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae). Alpine Entomology 4: 173-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.55139
Figure 1 Liodessus spp.: Dorsal habitus of Liodessus caxamarca sp. nov., female paratypes from locality PER_YSM_2018_046 (A), PER_YSM_2018_047 (B), PER_YSM_2018_046 (C), male paratype PER_YSM_2018_046 (D); Liodessus altoperuensis sp. nov., male paratype from locality PER_YSM_2018_050 (E).
Figure 4 from: Balke M, Megna YS, Zenteno N, Figueroa L, Hendrich L (2020) Two new species of Liodessus Guignot, 1939 diving beetles from Northern Peru (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae). Alpine Entomology 4: 173-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.55139
Figure 4 Distribution area (orange dot) of Liodessus caxamarca sp. nov. and Liodessus altoperuensis sp. nov. in the northern Andes of Peru.
Figure 5 from: Balke M, Megna YS, Zenteno N, Figueroa L, Hendrich L (2020) Two new species of Liodessus Guignot, 1939 diving beetles from Northern Peru (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae). Alpine Entomology 4: 173-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.55139
Figure 5 Localities of Liodessus caxamarca sp. nov. sampled for cox1 data, and haplotype tree inferred using TCS software. Each bar along the lines connecting the 5 haplotypes indicates one inferred nucleotide substitution. The base map was taken from GoogleEarth.
Figure 3 from: Balke M, Megna YS, Zenteno N, Figueroa L, Hendrich L (2020) Two new species of Liodessus Guignot, 1939 diving beetles from Northern Peru (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae). Alpine Entomology 4: 173-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.55139
Figure 3 Liodessus spp. males: Liodessus caxamarca sp. nov., holotype, median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view (A), same in lateral view (B), right paramere external surface view (C); Liodessus altoperuensis sp. nov. holotype, median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view (D), same in lateral view (E), right paramere external surface view (F).
Figure 6 from: Balke M, Megna YS, Zenteno N, Figueroa L, Hendrich L (2020) Two new species of Liodessus Guignot, 1939 diving beetles from Northern Peru (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae). Alpine Entomology 4: 173-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.55139
Figure 6 Habitats and landscapes at localities Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Encañada District, Conga, 4030 m [PER_YSM_2018_046] (A, B) and Cajamarca, San Pablo, Tumbaden District, Alto Peru, 3935 m [PER_YSM_2018_51] (C, D).
Figure 2 from: Balke M, Megna YS, Zenteno N, Figueroa L, Hendrich L (2020) Two new species of Liodessus Guignot, 1939 diving beetles from Northern Peru (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae). Alpine Entomology 4: 173-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.55139
Figure 2 Liodessus spp., female paratypes: Metathoracic wing of paratypes of Liodessus caxamarca sp. nov. (A); Liodessus altoperuensis sp. nov. (B).
Are juveniles as tolerant to salinity stress as adults?: A case study of Northern European, Ponto-Caspian and North American species
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Aim: </b>Global biodiversity and ecosystems are highly impacted by anthropogenic activities, such as climate change and introduction of non-indigenous species. As numerous species from the Ponto-Caspian region have established in the North and Baltic Seas, as well as in the Laurentian Great Lakes, there have been large number of studies examining environmental tolerance of these species to determine their future potential to spread. However, many of those studies were conducted only on adult stages, while neglecting the possibility that early life history stages might not be equally resilient. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Location: </b>Northern European, Ponto‐Caspian and North American regions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods: </b>To determine if juveniles would demonstrate the same environmental tolerance as their parents, we examined the salinity tolerance of adults and juveniles of one Northern European (<i>Gammarus salinus</i>), one Ponto-Caspian (<i>Pontogammarus maeoticus</i>) and one North American species (<i>Gammarus tigrinus</i>). Additionally, we compared our study to that of Paiva et al. (2018), who tested the salinity tolerance of the same species using only adults. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results: </b>Our study determined that both adults and juveniles of all three species tolerated wide ranges of salinity, with juveniles of <i>G. salinus</i> tolerating only slightly narrower salinity range than their parents, while those of <i>P. maeoticus</i> and <i>G. tigrinus</i> much narrower range. Additionally, we determined better survival and higher growth rates of juveniles of <i>G. salinus</i> in higher salinities, and better survival of <i>P. maeoticus</i> in lower salinities. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> Based on juvenile salinity tolerance, our study further supported findings of Paiva et al. (2018), where Northern European species may be adapted to marine, while Ponto-Caspian to lower saline and freshwater environments. The North American species is probably adapted to intermediate salinities. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>As juveniles do not tolerate the same salinity stress as adults,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> we emphasize the importance of testing all life-history stages when predicting species resilience to environmental stressors.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 3 in A new species of Mesochra (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae) from a coastal system of northern Colombia with a key to the American species
Figure 3. Mesochra huysi sp. nov., adult female from Colombia: (A) leg 1; (B) leg 2; (C) leg 3; (D) leg 4. Scale bars: 20 μm.
Figure 4 in A new species of Mesochra (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae) from a coastal system of northern Colombia with a key to the American species
Figure 4. Mesochra huysi sp. nov., adult male from Colombia: (A) antennule; (B) leg 3 showing flame-shaped element (arrowed) and remarkably large spinules on second exopodal segment (double arrow); (C) P5; (D) ornamentation of urosome and caudal rami, ventral view. Adult female, (E) P5 showing setal nomenclature (Huys et al. 1996); F. ornamentation of urosome and armature of caudal rami, ventral view. Scale bars: A–C, E = 20 μm, D, F = 50 μm.
Figure 2 in A new species of Mesochra (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae) from a coastal system of northern Colombia with a key to the American species
Figure 2. Mesochra huysi sp. nov., adult female from Colombia: (A) antenna; (B) mandibular palp; (C) maxillule; (D) maxilla; (E) maxilliped. Scale bars: A, D, E = 20 μm, B, C = 10 μm.
Figure 4-2 in Genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) in northern Vietnam, Part III: seven new species and four newly recorded species
Figure 4-2. Female genitalia. (J) Promalactis gigaspinata sp. nov.; (K) Promalactis gigaspinata sp. nov., lamella antevaginalis; (L) Promalactis gigaspinata sp. nov., basal spine of ductus bursa; (M) Promalactis gigaspinata sp. nov., medial spine of ductus bursa; (N) Promalactis kalimantana; (O) Promalactis kalimantana, basal part of ductus bursa; (P) Promalactis kalimantana; signum; (Q) Promalactis reniformis sp. nov.; (R) Promalactis reniformis sp. nov., lamella antevaginalis and antrum; (S) Promalactis reniformis sp. nov., basal spines of ductus bursa; (T) Promalactis tauricournis; (U) Promalactis tauricournis signum. Scale bar 0.5 mm.
Supplementary material 3 from: Gu X, Wang R, Sun Q, Wu B, Sun J-Z (2020) Four new species of Trichoderma in the Harzianum clade from northern China. MycoKeys 73: 109-132. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.51424
Figure S3
Supplementary material 1 from: Gu X, Wang R, Sun Q, Wu B, Sun J-Z (2020) Four new species of Trichoderma in the Harzianum clade from northern China. MycoKeys 73: 109-132. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.51424
Figure S1
Figure 1 from: Gu X, Wang R, Sun Q, Wu B, Sun J-Z (2020) Four new species of Trichoderma in the Harzianum clade from northern China. MycoKeys 73: 109-132. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.51424
Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree based on Maximum Likelihood analysis of a combined ITS, RPB2, and TEF1α sequence dataset. Trichoderma estonicum, Trichoderm parastinicum, Trichoderm ceramicum were chosen as the outgroup. Bootstrap Values higher than 70% from RAxML (BSML) (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities greater than 0.95 (BYPP) (right) are given above the nodes. T indicates the type; ET indicates the ex-living type. Isolates obtained in this study are in red.
Supplementary material 2 from: Gu X, Wang R, Sun Q, Wu B, Sun J-Z (2020) Four new species of Trichoderma in the Harzianum clade from northern China. MycoKeys 73: 109-132. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.51424
Figure S2
Species asynchrony stabilises productivity under extreme drought across Northern China grasslands
<p>1. Biodiversity can stabilise productivity through different mechanisms, such as asynchronous species responses to environmental variability and species stability. Global changes, like intensified drought, could negatively affect species richness, species asynchrony, and species stability, but it is unclear how changes in these mechanisms will affect stability of aboveground primary productivity (ANPP) across ecosystems.</p> <p>2. We studied the effects of a 4-year extreme drought on ANPP stability and the underlying mechanisms (species richness, species asynchrony, and species stability) across six grasslands in Northern China. We also assessed the relative importance of these mechanisms in determining ANPP stability under extreme drought.</p> <p>3. We found that extreme drought decreased ANPP stability, species richness, species asynchrony, and species stability across the six grasslands. However, structural equation modelling revealed that species asynchrony, not species richness or species stability, was the most important mechanism promoting stability of ANPP, regardless of drought across the six grasslands.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Our results suggest that species asynchrony, not species richness and species stability, consistently buffers ecosystem stability against extreme drought across and within grasslands spanning a broad precipitation gradient. Thus, species asynchrony may be a more general mechanism for promoting stability of ANPP in grasslands in the face of intensified drought.</p>
FIGURE 11 in Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northern Laos including new finding and expanded diagnosis of C. bansocensis
FIGURE 11. Type localities and additional records of all 25 Cyrtodactylus taxa occurring in Laos.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.