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Figure 1 in A new species of Cladochaeta Coquillettı 1900 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) associated with Sphodroscarta trivirgata (Amyot & Servilleı 1843) (Auchenorrhyncha: Aphrophoridae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest

Figure 1. (a) Upland forest of the scientific station Ferreira Penna (ECFPn) in the national forest of Caxiuanã, Brazil. (b) Young plant Cecropia sciadophylla with an arrow pointing to the spittle mass produced by nymphs of Sphodroscarta trivirgata. (c) Spittle mass produced by nymphs of Sphodroscarta trivirgata with an arrow pointing to the pupae of Cladochaeta amorimi sp. nov. (d) Twig of Cecropia sciadophylla with pupal cases of Cladochaeta amorimi sp. nov. (e) Adult of Sphodroscarta trivirgata.

Figure 4 in A new lacewing species of the Chrysoperla carnea species-group from central Asia associated with conifers (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Figure 4. Dorsal view of third-instar larval head capsule (left half) of Chrysoperla duellii sp. nov. The drawing represents the typical condition seen in 21 individuals raised from the eggs of adults from several populations in Kyrgyzstan. The colour insert is a typical mature third-instar larva of the species.

Figure 3 in A new lacewing species of the Chrysoperla carnea species-group from central Asia associated with conifers (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Figure 3. Adult of Chrysoperla duellii sp. nov.: (a) non-diapausing green form and (b) diapausing redfaced form. Note retention of green ground colour in (b), the overwintering (diapausing) form of C. duellii.

Figure 6 in A new lacewing species of the Chrysoperla carnea species-group from central Asia associated with conifers (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Figure 6. Bar graph of the probabilities of assignment to species by a Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) applied to individuals identified acoustically as belonging to C. duellii sp. nov., C. boltiı C. 'carnea-K', C. downesiı C. calocedrii and C. mediterranea (same species as in Figure 5). Most individuals have a very high probability of assignment to the correct species determined by morphology and bioacoustics.

Figure 1 in A new lacewing species of the Chrysoperla carnea species-group from central Asia associated with conifers (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Figure 1. Oscillographs (lower of each pair of traces) and sonographs (upper traces) of (a) a solo vibrational song (shortest repeated unit or SRU) of Chrysoperla duellii sp. nov. from Kyrgyzstan in central Asia and (b) a solo vibrational song of Chrysoperla downesi from northeastern North America, illustrating convergent song phenotypes in these two completely allopatric species. Each song was recorded at 25 ± 1°C and is drawn to the same timescale of 6.25 s. For C. duellii (a), each of the four distinctly different types of volleys characteristic of this species is labelled, while for C. downesi (b), each of its two distinctive volley types is noted. Within-volley vibrational frequency declines in each type of volley of C. duellii but increases in each type of volley of C. downesi – an important diagnostic (and plainly audible) difference between the two species.

Figure 5 in A new lacewing species of the Chrysoperla carnea species-group from central Asia associated with conifers (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Figure 5. Scatterplot of the first two principal components of a Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) using genome-wide SNPs generated by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). Individuals from the six distinct carnea-group song species compared here cluster with members of their own species, and each species is isolated in principle component space. The compared species are C. duellii sp. nov.; C. duelli's two sympatric relatives, C. bolti and C. 'carnea-K'; and three conifer-associated species, C. downesiı C. calocedrii and C. mediterranea, with which C. duellii is acoustically and morphologically convergent but not sympatric. The inset displays relative amplitudes of eigenvalues of the four principal components of the DAPC.

Figure 2 in A new lacewing species of the Chrysoperla carnea species-group from central Asia associated with conifers (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Figure 2. Visual comparison of the solo vibrational songs (SRUs) of the six species or distinctive populations of carnea-group lacewings known to be obligatory conifer associates. Only oscillographs are shown, all drawn to the same scale of 6.25 s. Taxa include (a) European/north African C. mediterranea, (b) central Asian Chrysoperla duellii sp. nov., (c) southern Californian C. calocedrii, (d) coastal Californian C. 'downesi FG', (e) North American C. downesi and (f) western North American C. 'downesi-2ʹ. All six conifer-associated taxa have multi-volleyed songs made up at least in part of short, rapidly repeated volley units, although song tempo and complexity vary considerably among the species.

FIGURE 5 in Two new Amphilochida (Amphipoda: Amphilochidea) associated with the bioinvasive Tubastraea coccinea fromTodos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Stenothoe ogumi sp. nov. holotype (UFBA 3567) 3.1mm, Cavo Artemidi Shipwreck,15 m depth, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil (13°13'31''S, 38°31'55''W). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Two new Amphilochida (Amphipoda: Amphilochidea) associated with the bioinvasive Tubastraea coccinea fromTodos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil

FIGURE 6. Stenothoe ogumi sp. nov. holotype (UFBA 3567) 3.1mm, Cavo Artemidi Shipwreck, 15 m depth, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil (13°13'.31''S, 38°31'.55''W). Scale bars: 0.1 mm

FIGURE 1 in Two new Amphilochida (Amphipoda: Amphilochidea) associated with the bioinvasive Tubastraea coccinea fromTodos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Leucothoe oxumae sp. nov. holotype (UFBA 3564) 3.5 mm, Cavo Artemidi Shipwreck, 15 m depth, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil (13°13'31''S, 38°31'55''W). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Two new Amphilochida (Amphipoda: Amphilochidea) associated with the bioinvasive Tubastraea coccinea fromTodos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Leucothoe oxumae sp. nov. holotype (UFBA 3564) 3.5 mm, Cavo Artemidi Shipwreck, 15 m depth, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil (13°13'31''S, 38°31'55''W). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Two new Amphilochida (Amphipoda: Amphilochidea) associated with the bioinvasive Tubastraea coccinea fromTodos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil

FIGURE 8. Stenothoe ogumi sp. nov. holotype (UFBA 3567), 3.1mm, Cavo Artemidi Shipwreck, 15 m depth, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil (13°13'31''S, 38°31'55''W). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Two new Amphilochida (Amphipoda: Amphilochidea) associated with the bioinvasive Tubastraea coccinea fromTodos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Leucothoe oxumae sp. nov. holotype (UFBA 3564) 3.5 mm, Cavo Artemidi Shipwreck,15 m depth, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil (13°13'31''S, 38°31'55''W). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Two new Amphilochida (Amphipoda: Amphilochidea) associated with the bioinvasive Tubastraea coccinea fromTodos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Leucothoe oxumae sp. nov. holotype (UFBA 3564) 3.5 mm, Cavo Artemidi Shipwreck, 15 m depth, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil (13°13'31''S, 38°31'55''W). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (H, A1, A2, Gn1, Gn2); 0.1 mm (Mp, l Md, rMd, UL, Mx2); 0.3 mm (palm).

FIGURE 1. Pugnatrypaea emanata n in A new mud shrimp of the genus Pugnatrypaea from outer continental shelf waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico, commonly associated with hydrocarbon seeps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Callianassidae)

FIGURE 1. Pugnatrypaea emanata n. sp. A–J, male holotype, pocl 8.6 mm, northwestern Gulf of Mexico, near Bush Hill hydrocarbon seep, 560 m depth (USNM 1559553 = ULLZ 17962): A, anterior carapace and peduncles, dorsal; B, carapace and first pleonal somite, lateral; C, right mandible, external; D, right first maxilla, without setae, external; E, right second maxilla, without setae, external; F, right first maxilliped, without setae, external; G, right second maxilliped, without setae, external; H, right third maxilliped, without setae, external; I, major cheliped (left), without setae, external; J, major cheliped (left), internal. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A–G), 2.0 mm (B, H–J).

Figs. 14–15. M in Myrciamyia pterandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Lopesiini), a new species of gall midge associated with Pterandra pyroidea A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazilian Cerrado

Figs. 14–15. M. pterandrae Maia & Flor, sp. nov., male. 14. Abdomen (from sixth segment to end) (lateral view). 15. Terminalia (dorsal view). Scale bars in mm.

Figs. 16–17. M in Myrciamyia pterandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Lopesiini), a new species of gall midge associated with Pterandra pyroidea A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazilian Cerrado

Figs. 16–17. M. pterandrae Maia & Flor, sp. nov., female. 16. Abdomen (from sixth segment to end) (lateral view). 17. Ovipositor (lateral view). Scale bars in mm.

Figs. 9–13. M in Myrciamyia pterandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Lopesiini), a new species of gall midge associated with Pterandra pyroidea A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazilian Cerrado

Figs. 9–13. M. pterandrae Maia & Flor, sp. nov., adults. 9. Male head (frontal view). 10. Fifth male flagellomere. 11. Fifth female flagellomere. 12. Foreleg, tarsal claw and empodium (lateral view). 13. Hindleg, tarsal claws and empodium (lateral view). Scale bars in mm.

Figs. 4–6. M in Myrciamyia pterandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Lopesiini), a new species of gall midge associated with Pterandra pyroidea A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazilian Cerrado

Figs. 4–6. M. pterandrae Maia & Flor, sp. nov., immature stages. 4–5. Larva. 4. Spatula and lateral papillae (ventral view). 5. Terminal segment with terminal papillae (dorsal view).6.Pupal headand prothoracicspiracle (ventralview).Scalebarsinmm.

Figs 1–3. Host plant, P. pyroidea A in Myrciamyia pterandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Lopesiini), a new species of gall midge associated with Pterandra pyroidea A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazilian Cerrado

Figs 1–3. Host plant, P. pyroidea A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae). 1. General aspect. 2. Galled leaf (galls induced by M. pterandrae Maia & Flor, sp. nov.). 3. Plant reaction against the gall induction.