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Distribution. Widely distributed in mainland of C & S China (from SE Tibet [= Xizang] E through S Gansu and Shaanxi to Fujian) and Hainan I, also recorded in Nepal, NE India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Because many specimens previously identified as C. attenuata have been recognized as distinct species, its distribution range may be overestimated, and its limits are unclear. in Soricidae

Distribution. Widely distributed in mainland of C & S China (from SE Tibet [= Xizang] E through S Gansu and Shaanxi to Fujian) and Hainan I, also recorded in Nepal, NE India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Because many specimens previously identified as C. attenuata have been recognized as distinct species, its distribution range may be overestimated, and its limits are unclear.

Subspecies and Distribution. C.d.draculaThomas,1912—C&SCChina(Sichuan,Yunnan,Chongqing,Guizhou,andGuangxi),NLaos,andNVietnam. C. d. mansumensis Carter, 1942 — known only from the type locality in N Myanmar; range limits unclear because the species has been recognized as a synonym for a long time, probably N Myanmar. in Soricidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.d.draculaThomas,1912—C&SCChina(Sichuan,Yunnan,Chongqing,Guizhou,andGuangxi),NLaos,andNVietnam. C. d. mansumensis Carter, 1942 — known only from the type locality in N Myanmar; range limits unclear because the species has been recognized as a synonym for a long time, probably N Myanmar.

Distribution. Widely distributed in South-east Asia (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, S Vietnam, and Peninsular Malaysia, including offshore islands). Distribution boundary between this species and the Large White-toothed Shrew (C. dracula), especially in Myanmar or whether their distributions overlapped, is not clear. in Soricidae

Distribution. Widely distributed in South-east Asia (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, S Vietnam, and Peninsular Malaysia, including offshore islands). Distribution boundary between this species and the Large White-toothed Shrew (C. dracula), especially in Myanmar or whether their distributions overlapped, is not clear.

Distribution. Islands off peninsular Thailand (Koh Samui) and Peninsular Malaysia (Tioman, and Mapur); one old specimen from Mt Tahan, Pahang State, Malaysia, might also belong to this species, but no recent confirmation of this taxon on the Malay Peninsula cast doubts about the existence of such a continental population of Peninsular White-toothed Shrew. in Soricidae

Distribution. Islands off peninsular Thailand (Koh Samui) and Peninsular Malaysia (Tioman, and Mapur); one old specimen from Mt Tahan, Pahang State, Malaysia, might also belong to this species, but no recent confirmation of this taxon on the Malay Peninsula cast doubts about the existence of such a continental population of Peninsular White-toothed Shrew.

Distribution. Confined to the upper slopes of Mt Kinabalu, although one damaged skull from Sarawak could represent this species. This would extend its range further S to other high mountains of Borneo, butit is unlikely, given the currently negative results in other high mountains of Sabah that have been sampled. in Soricidae

Distribution. Confined to the upper slopes of Mt Kinabalu, although one damaged skull from Sarawak could represent this species. This would extend its range further S to other high mountains of Borneo, butit is unlikely, given the currently negative results in other high mountains of Sabah that have been sampled.

Distribution. Known from Nepal and NE India (Sikkim). Distributional limits remain unclarified because it recently has been elevated to full species. in Soricidae

Distribution. Known from Nepal and NE India (Sikkim). Distributional limits remain unclarified because it recently has been elevated to full species.

Distribution. SE Qinghai, SE Tibet (= Xizang), W Sichuan (W of the Yalong River), and NW Yunnan, China. Specific status of specimens from Nepal assigned to this species cannot be confirmed. in Soricidae

Distribution. SE Qinghai, SE Tibet (= Xizang), W Sichuan (W of the Yalong River), and NW Yunnan, China. Specific status of specimens from Nepal assigned to this species cannot be confirmed.

Distribution. SE Ghana (E of Volta River), Togo, Benin, Nigeria, and NW Cameroon (to a little S of the Sanaga River). The species has been introduced to the Gulf of Guinea islands of Sao Tomé and Principe, and into the Caribbean islands of Grenada, Saint Kitts, and Nevis. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. SE Ghana (E of Volta River), Togo, Benin, Nigeria, and NW Cameroon (to a little S of the Sanaga River). The species has been introduced to the Gulf of Guinea islands of Sao Tomé and Principe, and into the Caribbean islands of Grenada, Saint Kitts, and Nevis.

Distribution. India, the species' range extends 1900 km W to E, and includes all populations with the northern-type tail carriage between the Tapti River in Gujarat State and Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh State to the foothills of the Himalaya. Introduced into SW Bangladesh, where the population may have arisen from descendents of a pair introduced by Hindu pilgrims on the banks of the Jalangi River. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. India, the species' range extends 1900 km W to E, and includes all populations with the northern-type tail carriage between the Tapti River in Gujarat State and Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh State to the foothills of the Himalaya. Introduced into SW Bangladesh, where the population may have arisen from descendents of a pair introduced by Hindu pilgrims on the banks of the Jalangi River.

Distribution. Mainland South-east Asia in S Myanmar, S Thailand, S Laos, Cambodia (W of Mekong River), and the S tip of Vietnam. Range limit of this species to the E might be the Mekong River. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. Mainland South-east Asia in S Myanmar, S Thailand, S Laos, Cambodia (W of Mekong River), and the S tip of Vietnam. Range limit of this species to the E might be the Mekong River.

Distribution. EC China (25-33° N, 102° 30°-119° 30" E) in E Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet), Sichuan, S Gansu, S Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, N Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, N Guangxi, and N Guangdong provinces; W limit in the Yangtze Gorge in W & NW Sichuan and S limit at 23° 48' N, ¢.110° E in Guangxi. The species may range into NE India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Meghalaya states), although these reports appear to be based on misidentifications. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. EC China (25-33° N, 102° 30°-119° 30" E) in E Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet), Sichuan, S Gansu, S Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, N Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, N Guangxi, and N Guangdong provinces; W limit in the Yangtze Gorge in W & NW Sichuan and S limit at 23° 48' N, ¢.110° E in Guangxi. The species may range into NE India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Meghalaya states), although these reports appear to be based on misidentifications.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Bactrocera Macquart and a new distribution record of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India

FIGURE 6. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) invadens, Drew, Tsuruta & White (A–B), A: Epandrum and B: Glans

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Bactrocera Macquart and a new distribution record of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India

FIGURE 3. Bactrocera (Boctrocera) divenderi Maneesh, Hancock and Prabhakar, sp. nov. (A–J), A–H: Abdominal variations in paratypes, I: Female abdomen and J: Abdominal sternites

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Bactrocera Macquart and a new distribution record of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India

FIGURE 2. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) divenderi Maneesh, Hancock and Prabhakar, sp. nov. (A–E), A, B: Epandrium, C: Glans, D: Aculeus, E & F: Distal everslbte membrane

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Bactrocera Macquart and a new distribution record of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India

FIGURE 1. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) divenderi Maneesh, Hancock and Prabhakar, sp. nov. (A–F), A: Head, B: Lateral thorax, C: Habitus, D: Abdomen, E: Thorax and F: wing

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Bactrocera Macquart and a new distribution record of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India

FIGURE 5. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) invadens, Drew, Tsuruta & White (A–L), A–F: Thoracic variations and G–L: Abdominal variations

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Bactrocera Macquart and a new distribution record of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India

FIGURE 4. Dacus (Mellesis) fletcheri Drew (A–F), A: Head, B: Lateral thorax, C: Thorax, D: Abdomen, E: Lateral abdomen and F: wing

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males). in Muridae

Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males).

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

"Amala River" (= upper course of Mara River), Kenya. Although M. pernanus is grouped in the genus Mastomys based on morphological grounds, molecular data from one speci men grouped it with Hylomyscus. Monotypic. Distribution. Mostly Serengeti Plains on the border between Kenya and Tanzania, with an aberrant specimen from EC Tanzania and an unconfirmed record from Rwanda. in Muridae

"Amala River" (= upper course of Mara River), Kenya. Although M. pernanus is grouped in the genus Mastomys based on morphological grounds, molecular data from one speci men grouped it with Hylomyscus. Monotypic. Distribution. Mostly Serengeti Plains on the border between Kenya and Tanzania, with an aberrant specimen from EC Tanzania and an unconfirmed record from Rwanda.