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opencc-by-nc-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Figure 14 in Five new species of Asphondylia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini) from Brazilian restinga (Atlantic Forest)

Figure 14. Asphondylia marambaiensis Maia, sp. nov., (A-E) pupa: (A) General aspect, ventral view, (B) Cephalic horns, ventral view, (C) Prothoracic spiracle, (D) Thoracic integument, dorsal view, (E) Abdomen, dorsal view, (F) Leaf galls on Lantana fucata Lindl. (Verbenaceae).

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Data from: Species Delimitation of Endemic Atlantic Forest Inga subnuda (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade) Subspecies Based on Morphological, Ecological and Palaeoecological Data

Inga subnuda Salzm. ex Benth. are one of 31 endemic species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Intermixed leaf and floral traits have made morphological distinctiveness difficult, and its current taxonomic treatment considers I. subnuda as one species with two subspecies. We aim to explore different lines of evidence to disentangle and clarify species boundaries in these two subspecies. Morphological variation and bioclimatic data of the two subspecies of the complex were assessed by using multivariate morphometric analyses and ecological niche modeling. Morphological quantitative characters allowed the recognition of different groups. The climatic space was similar but not identical, and the recent climatic cycles that could have shaped the current distribution are discussed. The results of our integrative study suggest regard both subspecies as two different species. Moreover, we propose a change in status of I. subnuda subsp. luschnathiana to the rank of species. The new up-ranked taxon is described and illustrated.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Dataset for: Rio de Janeiro and other paleodrainages evidenced by the genetic structure of an Atlantic Forest catfish

Aim: The disjunct distributions of freshwater organisms along coastal drainages are usually explained by paleodrainages formed during sea-level retreats that connected currently isolated basins, or by river capture from tectonic adjustments between adjoining watersheds. We evaluate the relative importance of these events on the genetic variation of freshwater fishes inhabiting the Serra do Mar in eastern Brazil, a region with steep mountains and pronounced bays. Location: Coastal river drainages in southeastern Brazil. Taxon: Catfishes of the Trichomycterus alternatus group. Methods: We tested the effects of paleolandscape connections (GIS-reconstructed paleodrainages and putative river captures) on the genetic structure (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) of T. alternatus from 15 drainages using phylogenetic reconstructions, lineage delimitation methods and analyses of molecular variance. Results: Trichomycterus alternatus is monophyletic and comprised of three main lineages: two restricted to the basin at its northernmost distribution and another broadly distributed to the south. In the latter, seven major cytb clades were geographically compatible with the eight paleodrainages, with three incongruences matching river captures previously described for the Guanabara Bay (GB). Shared haplotypes among isolated rivers flowing into GB provide the first molecular evidence of the 'Rio de Janeiro' paleoriver. Main conclusions: Dispersal via paleorivers is an important process, but it is not enough to recover the most recent dispersive events. Therefore, integrating both paleo-riverine configuration (GIS-based) and localized river captures (geological studies) is crucial to reveal the role of past geological and climatic events on the distribution of freshwater organisms. Taken together, these two factors significantly explained a high portion T. alternatus genetic structure along coastal drainages, revealing a paleolandscape scenario that may have been used by other freshwater Atlantic Forest taxa.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Extreme environments filter functionally rich communities of Atlantic Forest treefrogs along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients

Understanding how environmental filtering and biotic interactions structure communities across elevational and latitudinal gradients is still a matter of debate. To provide insight into their relative importance, we explore the mismatch between three dimensions of biodiversity (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic), and compare their patterns to null models of random community assembly. We focus on a highly diverse tropical group: the tree frogs (hylids) of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. For that, we combined geographic distribution data with phylogenetic and trait information for 158 species to produce maps of the three dimensions of diversity. We show that communities of tree frogs of the Hylidae family tend to have high functional richness along the Atlantic Forest, potentially driven by niche partitioning. However, environmental filtering gains importance in extreme environments, both at high elevations and higher latitudes. In these areas of the forest, clustering of both functional and phylogenetic diversity is observed. Trait overdispersion is found in areas of contact between vegetation types, or of adjacent biomes, reflecting the encounter of amphibian species adapted to distinct environmental conditions and landscape configurations. Considering all three dimensions of diversity along with multiple axes of environmental variation allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the processes shaping amphibian community assembly in this biodiversity hotspot.

openother-openMay 2022View details →

Supplementary Materials: Use of Sentinel 2 imagery to estimate vegetation height in fragments of Atlantic Forest

Supplementary materials for the paper: Use of Sentinel 2 imagery to estimate vegetation height in fragments of Atlantic Forest Paper DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101680">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101680</a> This release is the one used for the definitive version of the article.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Landscape conservation as a strategy for recovering biodiversity: lessons from a long-term program of pasture restoration in the southern Atlantic Forest

Although ecological restoration has entered the global agenda to reverse different anthropogenic disturbances, we still know little about how this solution interacts with other conservation strategies, to avoid the progressive loss of species and ecosystem services. Here we evaluate one of the pioneering restoration programs in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where the combination of conservation and restoration efforts have been carried out for 20 years. Specifically, we tested how landscape characteristics, restoration strategies and environmental characteristics affect the results of the restoration of pastures. We established 65 circular plots (total 4.0 ha) along restoration areas (3-10 years) and sampled trees and shrubs composing the canopy (DBH > 5cm) and understory (DBH< 5cm, height > 1.3m). We analyzed the landscape metrics (proportion of old-growth forests in 200 m, 500m and 1000m buffers around each plot; and area and distance of the nearest-neighboring old-growth forests). We explored the multiple effects of landscape, restoration strategy (reforestation, natural regeneration) and environmental variables (soil, pasture grass types) on the species composition and multiple diversity metrics of restoration areas. The species composition was very similar among restoration ages and restoration strategies. We found positive and strong effects of old-growth forest (200 m buffer) proportion on the species richness and Shannon diversity (canopy and understory), aboveground biomass (canopy) and functional diversity (understory) of restoration areas. The restoration strategies affected forest structure, and, in general, the reforestation strategy increased aboveground biomass, Shannon, functional and phylogenetic diversities (in canopy), and percentage of endemic species and biomass (understory), when compared to natural regeneration. The 20 year-experience in the southern Atlantic Forest showed that programs focused on landscape conservation associated with a mixture of restoration strategies (i.e. natural regeneration in larger areas and active restoration in more disturbed sites) , can be an efficient strategy to ensure biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical landscapes. Synthesis and applications: To manage degraded tropical lands and achieve global targets for biodiversity and ecosystem services, it is necessary to first ensure the conservation of natural remnants and then use multiple restoration strategies in less resilient areas.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Fig. 16 in A revision of Discodon tricolor (Guérin-Méneville) and its mimics from the Atlantic forests of Brazil (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Fig. 16. Distribution map of the Discodon tricolor species complex.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Relationship of woody species composition with edaphic characteristics in threatened riparian Atlantic Forest remnants in the upper Rio Doce basin, Brazil

Studies on the composition, richness, and diversity of plant species in tropical communities are essential for understanding relevant ecological processes and for developing appropriate conservation policies. Considering that areas subject to direct impacts due to dam breach may in the long-term present changes in species composition and in soil parameters, we evaluated the composition of the flora, described the current vegetation profile, and evaluated whether differences in species composition was influenced by soil variables of three areas along the Gualaxo River, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In addition, we identified important plant species through occurrence and phytosociological parameters for ecological restoration projects in the affected region, serving as reference areas. We sampled plant species with DBH ≥ 5 cm (diameter at breast height – measured 1.30 m above ground level) in 77 plots distributed in three riparian forest areas. We calculated phytosociological parameters and related them to edaphic factors. A total of 1579 individual plants belonging to 53 botanical families and 227 species were sampled in the three areas. The Fabaceae family was the most representative with 46 species. Species composition and diversity among the sampled areas was similar and was associated with edaphic factors. Furthermore, some species (e.g. Xylopia sericea, Cupania emarginata and Ocotea pulchalla) showed an important relation with soil variables. Some species of the genera (e.g., Byrsonima, Xylopia, Ocotea, and Croton) and families (e.g., Fabaceae and Myrtaceae) found here, can be important species in the restauration process for the local and regional maintenance of floristic identity in the Rio Doce river.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Data from: Linking environmental stability with genetic diversity and population structure in two Atlantic Forest palm trees

Spatial patterns of biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are well characterized. However, there is no consensus on the biological processes underlying these patterns, and multiple competing hypotheses have been proposed, several of which center on climatic stability. Here, we ask if Late Quaternary climatic stability predicts contemporary population structure and genomic-level diversity in two palm species: Syagrus botryophora and S. pseudococos (Arecaceae) We first use species occurrence data to model the distribution of suitable environments in 62 time-slice climate projections over the last 120 thousand years, and summarize stability over that period. We then use >25,000 RADseq-generated SNPs to i) describe the spatial patterns of genomic variation in both species, ii) test how well genomic variation is explained by isolation by distance and by the environmental resistance imposed by historical instability (isolation by resistance) and iii) test for a correlation between genetic diversity and historical stability. The contemporary range of S. botryophora has been relatively stable over the last 30 thousand years and there are two isolated regions of high stability for S. pseudococos. The genomic data recovers a clear pattern of isolation by distance in S. botryophora and two structured populations in S. pseudococos. Consequently, the contribution of isolation by resistance to overall genetic structure is much higher in S. pseudococos. Genetic diversity is not significantly correlated with historical stability in either species. Based on the concordance between historical stability and genetic structure, Late Quaternary climate stability may have maintained population connectivity within S. botryophora and promoted intraspecific divergence in S. pseudococos. Conversely, historical stability does not seem to be driving spatial patterns of genetic diversity. This study supports the primary role of climatic stability in determining spatial population structure, but not genetic diversity, in the Atlantic Forest.

Figure 3 in Composition and dynamics of mixed flocks of birds in a remnant of Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest in southern Brazil

Figure 3. Distribution of the three sampling sectors (I, II, and III) in the study area, in Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra, municipality of Praia Grande, southern Santa Catarina state, Brazil.

Figure 1 in Composition and dynamics of mixed flocks of birds in a remnant of Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest in southern Brazil

Figure 1. Location of the study area in Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra, municipality of Praia Grande, southern Santa Catarina state, Brazil.

Figure 7 in Composition and dynamics of mixed flocks of birds in a remnant of Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest in southern Brazil

Figure 7. Monthly variation of the average size (in the number of individuals) of the mixed flocks of birds, in Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra, municipality of Praia Grande, southern Santa Catarina, Brazil, between October 2016 and September 2017.

Figure 4 in Geographic distribution patterns of galling insects in a protected area of Atlantic forest (southeast, Brazil)

Figure 4. The fit of the count part of the "hurdle" model to the relationship between galling species richness and plant genus species richness.

Figure 4 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from

Figure 4. Frequency distribution of oocytes diameter (mm) of mature females of Hollandichthys multifasciatus sampled at the different coastal blackwater streams in the Baixada Santista and Northern Coast Basins, São Paulo state. P2 (N = 4); P3 (N = 3); P4 (N = 10); P5 (N = 4); P6 (N = 4).

Figure 2 in Geographic distribution patterns of galling insects in a protected area of Atlantic forest (southeast, Brazil)

Figure 2. Boxplots with jittered illustrating the galling species richness between year season, with jitered raw values strung vertical corresponding to plots (a, b, c), numbers the plots (N) and sites (n), and mean ± SD bars.

Figure 3 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from

Figure 3. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) plot of environmental variables measured at 10 blackwater streams in the Baixada Santista and Northern Coast Basins, São Paulo state. Environmental variables are indicated by vectors. DOC = Dissolved Organic Carbon; Temp = Temperature; C = Conductivity; DO = Dissolved Oxygen; HC = High Canopy; S = Sand; SC = Silt/Clay; LB = Leaf Banks; OV = Overhanging vegetation. For stream acronyms see Table 1.

Figure 3 in Geographic distribution patterns of galling insects in a protected area of Atlantic forest (southeast, Brazil)

Figure 3. The fit of the count part of the ZIP model to the relationship between galling species richness and plant family species richness.

Figure 4 in Composition and dynamics of mixed flocks of birds in a remnant of Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest in southern Brazil

Figure 4. Simple linear regression of the relationship between species richness and the number of individuals from mixed flocks of birds, in Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra, municipality of Praia Grande, southern Santa Catarina state, Brazil, between October 2016 and September 2017.

Figure 1 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from

Figure 1. Study area, coastal region of the State of São Paulo. Sampled streams (JP1, JP2 – Itapanhaú); (P1-P6 – Guaratuba); Itaguaré (MP) and Una (BB1 – Una). Adapted from Esteves et al. (2019).

Figure 2 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from

Figure 2. View of one of the sampling sites (JP1, Itapanhaú sub-basin), showing block nets at the 100 m sampled stretch.