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SMEX03 AMSR-E Daily Gridded Soil Moisture and Brightness Temperatures, Oklahoma, Version 1

Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.This data set contains Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Level-3 daily measurements of surface soil moisture and vegetation/roughness water content interpretive information.

TROPICS03 L2A Unified Resolution Brightness Temperatures V1.0

The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of five identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload. Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles. This dataset is from the TROPICS03 satellite, as the Validated Stage-1 version of the Level 2A geolocated brightness temperature with the water vapor sounding channels (Ch. 9 to 12) converted from their native G-band resolution to the temperature sounding channel (F-band) native resolution (i.e., all measurements at the same unified larger resolution). This product is used in the Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile (AVTP) retrievals to gain the benefit of averaging the G-band channels (i.e., noise reduction) while maintain the F-band (AVTP) spatial resolution. The conversion uses the Backus-Gilbert technique. Each TROPICS netCDF file contains a granule of data with 81 spots and approximately 2880 scans, where a granule is defined as an orbit's worth of data.

CAMEX-3 AMPR BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE (TB) V1

The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) was deployed during the Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3). AMPR data were collected at four microwave frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1 and 85.5 GHz) for the period of August 8, 1998 - September 27, 1998. The purpose of the CAMEX-3 mission was to study hurricanes over land and ocean in the U.S. Gulf of America, Caribbean, and Western Atlantic Ocean in coordination with multiple aircraft and research-quality radar, lightning, radiosonde and rain gauge sites.

AMPR TEFLUN-A BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE (TB)

The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) was deployed during the Texas-Florida Underflights (TEFLUN-A); the first of three TRMM ground validation missions. AMPR data were collected at four microwave frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1 and 85.5 GHz) for the period of 15 April 1998 through 04 May 1998. The TEFLUN-A mission studied convection over sub-tropical land and ocean regions within the range of research-quality radar, lightning, radiosonde, and raingage sites in Florida and Texas.

TROPICS06 L1B Orbital Geolocated Native-Resolution Brightness Temperatures V1.0

The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of six identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload. This dataset is produced from the Pathfinder satellite, a single 3U small satellite, which has launched previous to the constellation, on a sun-synchronous orbital plane. Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles. Each TROPICS netCDF file contains a granule of data with 81 spots and approximately 2880 scans, where a granule is defined as an orbit's worth of data.

TROPICS01 Pathfinder L2A Unified Resolution Brightness Temperatures V1.0

The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of six identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload. This dataset is produced from the Pathfinder satellite, a single 3U small satellite, which has launched previous to the constellation, on a sun-synchronous orbital plane. Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles. This dataset is from the Pathfinder satellite, as the provisional version of the Level 2A geolocated brightness temperature that are reported at native spatial resolutions. Each TROPICS netCDF file contains a granule of data with 81 spots and approximately 2880 scans, where a granule is defined as an orbit's worth of data.

THIR/Nimbus-7 Images of Daytime and Nighttime Brightness Temperature on 70 mm Film V001 (THIRN7IM) at GES DISC

THIRN7IM is the Nimbus-7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) data product consisting of daily montages of brightness temperatures measured at 6.7 and 11.5 microns. Each montage contains either a daytime or nighttime assembly of up to 14 individual swaths. Each swath corresponds to a distance approximately from pole to pole and a width from horizon to horizon. The ground resolution is 22.6 km for 6.7 microns and 8.2 km for 11.5 microns at nadir and decreases as the horizontal distance from the subsatellite track increases. Below each swath is information describing the orbit number, and the equator crossing longitude and time. The THIR instrument was designed to detect emitted thermal radiation in both the 10.5 to 12.5 micron region (IR window) and the 6.5 to 7.0 micron region (water vapor). The window channel measured cloudtop temperatures day and night. The other channel operated primarily at night to map the water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The THIR experiment made measurements from Oct. 30, 1978 to May 9, 1985 when the instrument was turned off to conserve power. Additional information can be found in section 9 of "The Nimbus 7 User's Guide," and the "Nimbus 7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Data User's Guide." This product was previously available from the NSSDC as two products with the identifiers ESAD-00174 and ESAD-00239 (old ID 78-098A-10A and 78-098A-10B).

SMEX03 Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) Brightness Temperatures, Alabama, Version 1

Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperatures measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument. An aircraft carrying the instrument was flown over Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma USA as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).

SMEX03 Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) Brightness Temperatures, Georgia, Version 1

Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperatures measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument. An aircraft carrying the instrument was flown over Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma USA as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).

AMPR BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE (TB) KWAJEX

The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) was deployed during the First Kwajelein Experiment (KWAJEX), which provided Ground Validation for instruments onboard the Tropical Rain Measurement Mission (TRMM). AMPR brightness temperature data were collected at four microwave frequencies suited to study rain cloud systems (10.7, 19.35, 37.1 and 85.5 GHz) for the period of 30 July - 14 September 1999.

AMPR BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE CAMEX-1

The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) was deployed during the Convection and Moisture Experiments (CAMEX-1) conducted at Wallops Island, VA. AMPR data were collected at a combination of frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz) during the time period of September 26 - October 5, 1993. The geographic domain of the CAMEX region was between 25.5N - 43N latitude and 70W - 83W longitude.

TROPICS05 L1B Orbital Geolocated Native-Resolution Brightness Temperatures V0.2

SWOT Level 2 Radiometer Brightness Temperatures and Troposphere Operational Data Product Version 1.0

The SWOT Level 2 Radiometer Brightness Temperatures and Troposphere Operational Geophysical Data Record (OGDR) Version 1.0 dataset produced by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides atmospheric water vapor and liquid water content from the Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR), a Jason-class radiometer that measures sea surface brightness temperatures at three microwave frequencies (18.7, 23.8 and 34 GHz). Brightness temperatures are processed to estimate the wet troposphere content, atmospheric attenuation to backscatter, cloud liquid water, water vapor content, and wind speed coincident with each range measurement from the nadir altimeter and applied to correct for altimeter range delays caused by atmospheric effects. SWOT is a joint mission between NASA and CNES that launched on December 16, 2022 and aims to measure ocean surface topography with unprecedented resolution and accuracy, as well as map inland water bodies globally. The operational radiometer dataset consists of discrete measurements along two tracks located approximately 30-km to the left and right of the satellite nadir. They were processed using the onboard DORIS orbit ephemeris and preliminary calibrations. They are distributed as one file per data downlink in netCDF-4 file format with a nominal latency of < 7 hours.

HRIR/Nimbus-3 Images of Daytime and Nighttime Brightness Temperature on 70 mm Film V001 (HRIRN3IM) at GES DISC

HRIRN3IM is the Nimbus-3 High-Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) data product containing scanned negatives of photofacsimile 70mm film strips. The images contain orbital daytime (0.7 to 1.3 microns) and nighttime (3.4 to 4.2 microns) brightness temperature values showing cloud cover and the Earth's surface temperature. Each orbital swath picture is gridded with geographic coordinates and covers a distance approximately from the south pole to the north pole (day) and the north pole to the south pole (night). The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 7 days of images are archived into a TAR file. The processing techniques used to produce the data set and a full description of the data are contained in section 3.4.1 of the "Nimbus III Users' Guide." The HRIR instrument was designed to perform two major functions: first to map the Earth's cloud cover at night to complement the television coverage during the daytime portion of the orbit, and second to measure the temperature of cloud tops and terrain features. The HRIR instrument was launched on the Nimbus-3 satellite and was operational from April 22, 1969 through January 31, 1970. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00223 (old ID 69-037A-02B).

ESMR/Nimbus-5 Level 1 Calibrated Brightness Temperature V001 (ESMRN5L1) at GES DISC

ESMRN5L1 is the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) Level 1 Calibrated Brightness Temperature product and contains calibrated radiances expressed in units of brightness temperature measured at 19.35 GHz. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as the Calibrated Brightness Temperature Tapes (CBTT). The data are archived in their original IBM binary proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-5 satellite was successfully launched on December 11, 1972. The ESMR experiment on Nimbus-5 continued the measurements made by its predecessor flown on Nimbus-4. The ESMR instrument objectives were (1) to derive the liquid water content of clouds from brightness temperatures over oceans, (2) to observe differences between sea ice and the open sea over the polar caps, and (3) to test the feasibility of inferring surface composition and soil moisture. The ESMR Principal Investigator was Dr. Thomas T. Wilheit, Jr. from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Nimbus-5 ESMR data are available from December 11, 1972 (day of year 346) through May 16, 1977 (day of year 136) This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00219 (old ID 72-097A-04A).

HRIR/Nimbus-1 Images of Nighttime Brightness Temperature on 70 mm Film V001 (HRIRN1IM) at GES DISC

HRIRN1IM is the Nimbus-1 High-Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) data product containing scanned negatives of photofacsimile 70mm film strips. The images contain orbital nighttime (3.5 to 4.1 microns) brightness temperature values showing cloud cover and the Earth's surface temperature. Each orbital swath picture is gridded with geographic coordinates and covers a distance approximately from the north pole to the south pole. The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 7 days of images are archived into a TAR file. The processing techniques used to produce the data set and a full description of the data are contained in section 3.4.1 of the "Nimbus I Users' Guide." The HRIR instrument was designed to perform two major functions: first to map the Earth's cloud cover at night to complement the television coverage during the daytime portion of the orbit, and second to measure the temperature of cloud tops and terrain features. The HRIR instrument was launched on the Nimbus-1 satellite and was operational from August 28, 1964 through September 22, 1964. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00135 (old ID 64-052A-03B).

SWOT Level 2 Radiometer Brightness Temperatures and Troposphere Interim Data Product Version 1.0

The SWOT Level 2 Radiometer Brightness Temperatures and Troposphere Interim Geophysical Data Record (IGDR) Version 1.0 dataset produced by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides atmospheric water vapor and liquid water content from the Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR), a Jason-class radiometer that measures sea surface brightness temperatures at three microwave frequencies (18.7, 23.8 and 34 GHz). Brightness temperatures are processed to estimate the wet troposphere content, atmospheric attenuation to backscatter, cloud liquid water, water vapor content, and wind speed coincident with each range measurement from the nadir altimeter and applied to correct for altimeter range delays caused by atmospheric effects. SWOT is a joint mission between NASA and CNES that launched on December 16, 2022. It aims to measure ocean surface topography with unprecedented resolution and accuracy, as well as map inland water bodies globally. The interim radiometer dataset consists of discrete measurements along two tracks located approximately 30-km to the left and right of the satellite nadir. The data were processed using the Medium-accuracy (preliminary) Orbit Ephemeris (MOE) with preliminary calibrations applied. They are distributed as one file per half-orbit in netCDF4 file format with a nominal latency of < 1.5 days.

AMPR JACKSONVILLE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE (TB)

The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) was deployed in Jacksonville, FL for the initial AMPR instrument validation. AMPR data were collected at four microwave frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1 and 85.5 GHz) for the period of 10 October 1990 through 19 October 1990. The purpose of the Jacksonville mission was to study convection over the land and ocean for validation, along with clear (dry) vertical columns of atmosphere over the ocean for calibration.

AMPR BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE CAPE EXPERIMENT

The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) was deployed during the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment (CaPE). AMPR data werecollected at a combination of frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz) during the time period of July 21, 1991 - Aug. 16, 1991. CaPE took place in centralFlorida between 43 N - 25.5 N latitude and 86 W - 69 W longitude.

AMPR BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE CAMEX-2

The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) was deployed during the Convection and Moisture Experiment 2 (CAMEX-2). AMPR data were collected at a combination of frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz) during the time period of August 23 - August 30, 1995. The geographic domain of the CAMEX-2 region was between 25.5 N - 43 N latitude and 83 W - 70 W longitude.