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Figure 1 in How extensive is the effect of modern farming on bird communities in a sand dune desert?
Figure 1. Dendrogram of F- and C-transects, using group-average clustering from Bray-Curtis similarities on log-transformed bird abundances. Similarity coefficient in percent.
Fig. 6 in Community Structure and Undescribed Species Diversity in Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps Associated with the Strangler Fig Ficus petiolaris
Fig. 6. Phenotypic variation among the four species represented by the first two coordinate axes of a principal component analysis.Twelve morphological characters were analyzed (Table 3). A Mantel test of the multivariate morphological differences among species was highly significant (P <0.0001). In addition, LO1 shows further differentiation based on geography, with distinct clusters recovered for both Baja and Sonora samples.
Fig. 5. Bayesian skyline plots for three Idarnes species. X in Community Structure and Undescribed Species Diversity in Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps Associated with the Strangler Fig Ficus petiolaris
Fig. 5. Bayesian skyline plots for three Idarnes species. X-axes are in units of mutations per site, while y-axes are in units of effective population size scaled by mutation rate. LO1 shows sharp growth in population size, whereas SO1 and SO2 show a similar pattern of consistent population size through time with minimal growth. LO2 was not included as it contains two cryptic species reducing sample sizes too low for analysis.
Fig. 2. A in Community Structure and Undescribed Species Diversity in Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps Associated with the Strangler Fig Ficus petiolaris
Fig. 2. A habitus drawing of an Idarnes wasp. The drawing represents a wasp from the LO1 species associated with host Ficus petiolaris. Illustrated are the 12 morphological characters measured for analysis.The characters are as follows: 1) presence of antennal setulae, 2) number of antennal segments, 3) scape length, 4) scape color (amber vs dark), 5) head width, 6) inter-antennal distance, 7) facial width, 8) collar length, 9) stigmal vein length, 10) femur color (amber vs dark), 11) body length, and 12) ovipositor length.
Fig. 3 in Community Structure and Undescribed Species Diversity in Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps Associated with the Strangler Fig Ficus petiolaris
Fig. 3. Maximum-clade credibility tree for Idarnes mtDNA sequences from wasps associated with Ficus petiolaris. Four distinct clades (LO1, SO1, LO2, SO2) each with a posterior probability of 1.0 were recovered.There is little information in the data as to how these four clades are related. Posterior probabilities ≥0.50 are presented.Taxon names are composed of clade name, locality number, and internal lab numbers. In addition, LO1 sequences show phylogeographic structure, with sequences primarily clustering based on if sampled from Baja California (BC) or Sonora (S). One sequence (denoted with black box) is an exception, where the wasp was sampled from Sonora (locale 12; see Fig. 1) yet clusters with Baja California sequences.
FIG. 6 in Ecometrics and Neogene faunal turnover: the roles of cats and hindlimb morphology in the assembly of carnivoran communities in the New World
FIG. 6. — Ecometric plots of ankle gear ratio in carnivoran assemblages from the Arikareean (latest Oligocene and earliest Miocene) through the present. The mean and standard deviation of each assemblage is indicated by the broken line and grey bands respectively. Family-level classification of each species can be found in Appendix 6.
FIG. 1 in Ecometrics and Neogene faunal turnover: the roles of cats and hindlimb morphology in the assembly of carnivoran communities in the New World
FIG. 1. — Ankle gear ratio in Carnivoramorpha: A, plantarflexion in the carnivoran ankle joint (medial view). Black dot marks the approximate centre of rotation. Distance between dot and insertion of gastrocnemius is the approximate out-lever for plantarflexion. Scans of astragalus and calcaneum from Puma concolor (WRAZL 0210086); B, calcaneal anatomy and gear ratio (dorsal view); C, ecometric distribution of ankle gear ratio (y-axis) for 215 carnivormorphan species in rank order (x-axis). Felid and barbourofelid ratios are highlighted with black circles and stem lines. Horizontal broken line, mean value; grey band, 1 standard deviation. Colour coding matches Figure 2.
Effects of tidal influence on the structure and function of prokaryotic communities in the sediments of a pristine Brazilian mangrove
<p>Mangrove forests are ecosystems that constitute a large portion of the world's coastline and span tidal zones below, between, and above the waterline, while the ecosystem as a whole is defined by the health of these tidal microhabitats. However, we are only beginning to understand tidal zone microbial biodiversity and the role of these microbiomes in nutrient cycling. While extensive research has characterized microbiomes in pristine versus anthropogenically impacted mangroves these have, largely, overlooked differences in tidal microhabitats (sublittoral, intertidal, and supralittoral). Unfortunately, the small number of studies that have sought to characterize mangrove tidal zones have occurred in impacted biomes, making interpretation of the results difficult. Here, we characterized prokaryotic populations and their involvement in nutrient cycling across the tidal zones of a pristine mangrove within a Brazilian Environmental Protection Area of the Atlantic Forest. We hypothesized that the tidal zones in pristine mangroves are distinct microhabitats, which we defined as distinct regions that present spatial variations in the water regime and other environmental factors, and as such, these are composed of different prokaryotic communities with distinct functional profiles. Samples were collected in triplicate from zones below, between, and above the tidal waterline. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we found distinct prokaryotic communities with significantly diverse nutrient cycling functions, as well as specific taxa with varying contribution to functional abundances between zones. Where previous research from anthropogenically impacted mangroves found the intertidal zone to have high prokaryotic diversity and functionally enriched in nitrogen cycling, we find that the intertidal zone from pristine mangroves have the lowest diversity and no functional enrichment, relative to the other tidal zones. The main bacterial phyla in all samples were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi while the main archaeal phyla were Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota. Our results differ slightly from other studies where Proteobacteria is the main phyla in mangrove sediments and Firmicutes make up for only a small percentage of the communities. Salinity and organic matter were the most relevant environmental factors influencing these communities. Bacillaceae was the most abundant family at each tidal zone and showed potential to drive a large proportion of the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Our findings suggest that some aspects of mangrove tidal zonation may be compromised by human activity, especially in the intertidal zone.</p>
Figure 3 in Temporal dynamics of invertebrate and aquatic plant communities at three intermittent ponds in livestock grazed Patagonian wetlands
Figure 3. Seasonal variation of total taxa richness (A), mean density (A), and relative contribution of biomass (B) of most abundant groups of aquatic invertebrates at three ponds in a Patagonian wetland (Mallín Crespo) during the study period (May 2008 to April 2009). Livestock stocking period is indicated by the black bar.
Figure 6 in Spatiotemporal distribution of planktonic copepod communities in Tokyo Bay where Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi dominated in mid-1980s
Figure 6. Horizontal distributions of the identified community groups in Tokyo Bay (the letters in parentheses in legends show the indicator species).
Figure 4 in Inter-oceanic comparison of planktonic copepod ecology (vertical distribution, abundance, community structure, population structure and body size) between the Okhotsk Sea and Oyashio region in autumn
Figure 4. Copepod species composition (centre) and copepodid stage structures of the dominant species (left: Oyashio region, right: Okhotsk Sea). All data are integrated means of a 0– 500 m water column based on the IONESS samples in the Oyashio region (St. 19) and Okhotsk Sea (St. OK24) from October to November 1996. Error bars for the copepodid stage indicate standard deviations of each daily duplicate.
Figure 3 in Inter-oceanic comparison of planktonic copepod ecology (vertical distribution, abundance, community structure, population structure and body size) between the Okhotsk Sea and Oyashio region in autumn
Figure 3. Vertical distribution of zooplankton biovolume in the Oyashio region (upper panels) and Okhotsk Sea (lower panels) from September to December in 1996–1998. Note that the biovolume axes are not the same between panels. Tc: thermocline.
Figure 4 in Year-round activity patterns in a hyperdiverse community of rainforest amphibians in Madagascar
Figure 4. Canonical correspondence biplot relating amphibian species abundance along the study transect and five environmental predictors (italics, labelled as in Figure 3). Circles identify the sampling units (days) and crosses identify species. Species occurring more frequently at extreme environmental conditions are labelled using the codes presented in Table 1.
Figure 2 in Comparison of the species composition of Gamasina mite communities (Acari: Mesostigmata) in selected caves of the Kraków-Cz stochowa Upland (southern Poland) and their immediate surroundings
Figure 2. Diagram of the correspondence analysis (CA) for the sampling sites. The diagram shows only the most important species (for abbreviations see Table 1).
SCEC Community Thermal Model (CTM)
<p>The CTM provides estimates of temperatures and thermal properties of the southern California lithosphere. It is shared as a download archive with data and tools organized into three folders: components and metadata, a Google Colab notebook query tool with associated files, and an alternative (Shinevar et al., 2018) thermal model. README files in each directory describe the contents in detail. </p> <p>Please see <a href="https://www.scec.org/research/ctm">https://www.scec.org/research/ctm</a> for more information.</p>
Accounting for environmental variation in co‐occurrence modelling reveals the importance of positive interactions in root‐associated fungal communities
<p>Understanding the role of interspecific interactions in shaping ecological communities is one of the central goals in community ecology. In fungal communities, measuring interspecific interactions directly is challenging because these communities are composed of large numbers of species, many of which are unculturable. An indirect way of assessing the role of interspecific interactions in determining community structure is to identify the species co-occurrences that are not constrained by the environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated co-occurrences among root-associated fungi, asking whether fungi co-occur more or less strongly than expected based on the environmental conditions and the host plant species examined. For this purpose, we generated molecular data on root-associated fungi of five plant species evenly sampled along an elevational gradient at a high Arctic site. We analysed the data using a joint species distribution modelling approach that allowed us to identify those co-occurrences that could be explained by the environmental conditions and the host plant species, as well as those co-occurrences that remained unexplained and thus more likely reflect interactive associations. Our results indicate that positive interactions play an important role in shaping microbial communities in arctic plant roots. In particular, we found that mycorrhizal fungi are especially prone to positively co-occur with other fungal species. Our results bring new understanding to the structure of arctic interaction networks by suggesting that interactions among root-associated fungi are predominantly positive.</p>
Warming acts through earlier snowmelt to advance but not extend alpine community flowering
<p>Large-scale warming will alter multiple local climate factors in alpine tundra, yet very few experimental studies examine the combined yet distinct influences of earlier snowmelt, higher temperatures and altered soil moisture on alpine ecosystems. This limits our ability to predict responses to climate change by plant species and communities. To address this gap, we used infrared heaters and manual watering in a fully factorial experiment to determine the relative importance of these climate factors on plant flowering phenology, and response differences among plant functional groups. Heating advanced snowmelt and flower initiation, but exposed plants to colder early-spring conditions in the period prior to first flower, indicating that snowmelt timing, not temperature, advances flowering initiation in the alpine community. Flowering duration was largely conserved; heating did not extend average species flowering into the latter part of the growing season but instead flowering was completed earlier in heated plots. Although passive warming experiments have resulted in warming-induced soil drying suggested to advance flower senescence, supplemental water did not counteract the average species advance in flowering senescence caused by heating or extend flowering in unheated plots, and variation in soil moisture had inconsistent effects on flowering periods. Functional groups differed in sensitivity to earlier snowmelt, with flower initiation most advanced for early-season species and flowering duration lengthened only for graminoids and forbs. We conclude that earlier snowmelt, driven by increased radiative heating, is the most important factor altering alpine flowering phenology. Studies that only manipulate summer temperature will err in estimating the sensitivity of alpine flowering phenology to large-scale warming. The wholesale advance in flowering phenology with earlier snowmelt suggests that alpine communities will track warming, but only alpine forbs and graminoids appear able to take advantage of an extended snow-free season. </p>
Data from: Climate drives the geography of marine consumption by changing predator communities
<p>The global distribution of primary production and consumption by humans (fisheries) is well-documented, but we have no map linking the central ecological process of consumption within food webs to temperature and other ecological drivers. Using standardized assays that span 105° of latitude on four continents, we show that rates of bait consumption by generalist predators in shallow marine ecosystems are tightly linked to both temperature and the composition of consumer assemblages. Unexpectedly, rates of consumption peaked at midlatitudes (25 to 35°) in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres across both seagrass and unvegetated sediment habitats. This pattern contrasts with terrestrial systems, where biotic interactions reportedly weaken away from the equator, but it parallels an emerging pattern of a subtropical peak in marine biodiversity. The higher consumption at midlatitudes was closely related to the type of consumers present, which explained rates of consumption better than consumer density, biomass, species diversity, or habitat. Indeed, the apparent effect of temperature on consumption was mostly driven by temperature-associated turnover in consumer community composition. Our findings reinforce the key influence of climate warming on altered species composition and highlight its implications for the functioning of Earth's ecosystems.</p>
Business Models in Energy Communities: an analysis through legal lenses
<p>This research explores energy communities (EC) and their business models’ attributes. We develop a conceptual framework, which combines and extends the social, economic, environmental, and technological dimensions of value generation to include the legal dimension. The latter has been considered only implicitly in previous studies on this sector. Applying this framework to forty business cases of energy communities allows to identify six business model (BM) archetypes representative of ECs. This study can encourage and support new ventures in this sector to model their strategy and comply with the requirements.</p>
Bacterial and archaeal communities in the abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone: spatial synthesis results
<p>Datasets associated with a manuscript synthesizing previously published results and a new dataset on bacterial and archaeal community composition from the abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone, including communities from deep seawater, sediments, and polymetallic nodules.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.