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1,854 results for “Host plant”
FIGURES 1–6 in Taxonomic confusion among gall-thrips and host-plants, with three new combinations from the genus Austrothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Ocnothrips cochinchinensis. (1) head; (2) antenna; (3) pelta and tergites I–II; (4) pronotum; (5) mes and metanotum; (6) type slides.
FIGURES 22–34 in Portanini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae): morphology of female terminalia, first record of host plants, a new species of Portanus from Brazil, and taxonomic notes
FIGURES 22–34. Portanus restingalis Felix & Mejdalani, 2016. Female: 22, dorsal habitus; 23, sternite VII, ventral view; 24, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25, valvula I, lateral view; 26, apical portion of valvula I; 27, dorsal sculptured area on median portion of valvula I; 28, valvula II, lateral view; 29, apical portion of valvula II; 30, teeth on dorsal median portion of valvula II (the dorsal sculptured area of valvula I is shown on lower portion of the image); 31, gonoplac, lateral view; 32, head and anterior thorax, anterior view; 33, lateral habitus; 34, ventral habitus. Scale bars: 22, 32–34 = 1 mm; 23–26, 28–29, 31 = 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 11–21 in Portanini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae): morphology of female terminalia, first record of host plants, a new species of Portanus from Brazil, and taxonomic notes
FIGURES 11–21. Portanus adenomari sp. nov. Female paratype: 11, sternite VII, ventral view; 12, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 13, valvula I, lateral view; 14, apical portion of valvula I; 15, valvula II, lateral view; 16, apical portion of valvula II; 17, gonoplac, lateral view; 18, dorsal habitus; 19, ventral habitus; 20, lateral habitus; 21 head and anterior thorax, anterior view. Scale bars: 11–17 = 0.2 mm; 18–21 = 1 mm.
FIGURES 37 in New species of Bertawolia Blocker and Momoria Blocker (Cicadellidae: Iassinae Hyalojassini) from Brazil, including notes about host plants
FIGURES 37─48. Momoria albohabena sp. nov., male holotype. 37, Habitus, dorsal view. 38, Habitus, lateral view. 39, Head, ventral view: 40, Esternite VIII, ventral view. 41, Pygofer, valve, anal tube and subgenital plate, lateral view. 42, Pygofer, valve, anal tube and left subgenital plate, ventral view. 43, Subgenital plate, ventral view. 44, Connective, posterior view. 45, Style and connective, lateral view. 46, Style and connective, dorsal view. 47, Aedeagus, lateral view. 48, Aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.
FIGURES 29 in New species of Bertawolia Blocker and Momoria Blocker (Cicadellidae: Iassinae Hyalojassini) from Brazil, including notes about host plants
FIGURES 29─36. Bertawolia lata sp. nov., female paratype. 29, Distal portion of abdomen, ventral view. 30, Distal portion of abdomen, lateral view. 31, First valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. 32, Apical portion of first valvula. 33, Second valvula, lateral view. 34, Apical portion of second valvula. 35, Second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. 36, Subapical portion of gonoplac. Scale bars in mm.
Data from: Distribution of the specialist aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Homoptera: Aphididae) in response to host plant semiochemical induction by the gall fly Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Many plants use terpenoids and other volatile compounds as semiochemicals. Reception of plant volatiles by conspecifics may trigger a defensive phytochemical response. These same compounds can also function as host recognition signals for phytophagous insects. In this experiment we find that when the specialist gall-forming fly Eurosta solidaginis attacks its tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) host plant, the fly indirectly induces a phytochemical response in nearby tall goldenrod plants. This phytochemical response may, in turn, act as a positive signal attracting the goldenrod specialist aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum. Laboratory based experiments exposing ungalled tall goldenrod plants to the volatiles released by E. solidaginis galls demonstrated a consistent increase in foliar terpenoid concentrations in ungalled plants. Analysis of tall goldenrod stem and gall tissue chemistry revealed induction of terpenoids in gall tissue, with a simultaneous decrease in green leaf volatile concentrations. Field experiments demonstrated a consistent spatial relationship in tall goldenrod foliar terpenoid concentrations with distance from an E. solidaginis gall. Both laboratory and field experiments establish consistent induction of the terpene β-farnesene, and that this compound is a strong positive predictor of U. nigrotuberculatum aphid presence on goldenrod plants along with plant biomass and several other foliar terpenoids. These findings suggest E. solidaginis induced phytochemistry, especially β-farnesene, may be acting as a kairomone, driving aphid distribution in the field.
Ethylene signaling mediates host invasion by parasitic plants
<p class="AbstractSummary"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Parasitic plants form a specialized organ, a haustorium, to invade host tissues and acquire water and nutrients. To understand the molecular mechanism of haustorium development, we performed a forward genetics screening to isolate mutants exhibiting haustorial defects in the model parasitic plant <i>Phtheirospermum japonicum. </i>We isolated two mutants that show prolonged and sometimes aberrant meristematic activity in the haustorium apex, resulting in severe defects on host invasion. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the two mutants respectively have point mutations in homologs of <i>ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 1</i> (<i>ETR1</i>) and <i>ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2</i> (<i>EIN2</i>), signaling components in response to the gaseous phytohormone ethylene. Application of the ethylene signaling inhibitors also caused similar haustorial defects, indicating that ethylene signaling regulates cell proliferation and differentiation of parasite cells. Importantly, genetic disruption of host ethylene production also perturbs parasite invasion. We propose that parasitic plants utilize ethylene as a signal to invade host roots.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Contrasting effects of host identity, plant community, and local species pool on the composition and colonisation levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate grassland
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important plant symbionts, but we know little about the effects of plant taxonomic identity or functional group on the AMF community composition. To examine effects of the surrounding plant community, of host, and of the AMF pool on the AMF community in plant roots, we manipulated plant community composition in a long-term field experiment. Within four types of manipulated grassland plots, seedlings of eight grassland plant species were planted for 12 weeks, and AMF in their roots were quantified. Additionally, we characterised the AMF community of individual plots (as their AMF pool) and quantified plot abiotic conditions. The largest determinant of AMF community composition was the pool of available AMF, varying at metre scale due to changing soil conditions. The second strongest predictor was the host functional group. The differences between grasses and dicotyledonous forbs in AMF community variation and diversity were much larger than the differences among species within those groups. High cover of forbs in the surrounding plant community had a strong positive effect on AMF colonisation intensity in grass hosts. Using a manipulative field experiment enabled us to demonstrate direct causal effects of plant host and surrounding vegetation.
Data from: Intraspecific variation in host plant traits mediates taxonomic and functional composition of local insect herbivore communities
<p class="abstract_para">Host plant phenotypic traits affect the structure of the associated consumer community and mediate species interactions. We compare herbivore assemblages from the canopy of the phenotypically variable tree <em class="fi">Metrosideros polymorpha</em> on Hawai'i Island. Multiple distinct varieties of <em class="fi">M. polymorpha</em> frequently co‐occur, with variation in morphological traits. Using this system, we identify host and insect traits that underlie patterns of herbivore abundance and quantify the strength of host‐insect trait interactions.</p> <p class="abstract_para">The dataset includes host plant phenotypic traits (specific leaf area, leaf water content, foliar nutrients, trichome presence), as well as collection information. The dataset also contains the herbivorous insect community associated with this host plant, their abundances and life history traits. R code for analyses in this article is also included.</p>
Data from: Host-plant use of a polyphagous mirid, Apolygus lucorum: molecular evidence from migratory individuals
While the host-plant use of insect herbivores is important for understanding their interactions and coevolution, field evidence of these preferences is limited for generalist species. Molecular diet analysis provides an effective option for gaining such information, but data from field-sampled individuals are often greatly affected by the local composition of their host plants. The polyphagous mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) seasonally migrates across the Bohai Sea, and molecular analysis of migrant bugs collected on crop-free islands can be used to estimate the host-plant use of A. lucorum across the large area (northern China) from where these individuals come. In this study, the host-plant use of A. lucorum adults was determined by identifying plant DNA using a three-locus DNA barcode (rbcL, trnH-psbA and ITS) in the gut of migrant individuals collected on Beihuang Island. We successfully identified the host plant families of A. lucorum adults, and the results indicated that captured bugs fed on at least 17 plant families. In addition, gut analyses revealed that 35.9% of A. lucorum individuals fed on multiple host plants but that most individuals (64.1%) fed on only one plant species. Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., DNA was found in 35.8% of the A. lucorum bugs examined, which was much higher than the percentage of bugs in which other host plants were found. Our work provides a new understanding of multiple host-plant use by A. lucorum under natural conditions, and these findings are available for developing effective management strategies against this polyphagous pest species.
Insect Galls-Host Plants in Biomes Series (Cerrado) v1.0.1
<p>Insect Galls-Host Plants in Biomes Series (Cerrado). Dataset v1.0.1</p>
Community composition of arctic root-associated fungi mirrors host plant phylogeny
<p></p><p>The number of plant species regarded as non-mycorrhizal increases at higher latitudes, and several plant species in the High-Arctic Archipelago Svalbard have been reported as non-mycorrhizal. We used the rRNA ITS2 and 18S gene markers to survey which fungi, as well as other micro-eukaryotes, were associated with roots of 31 arctic plant species not usually regarded as mycorrhizal in Svalbard. We assessed to what degree the root-associated fungi showed any host preference and whether the phylogeny of the plant hosts may mirror the composition of root-associated fungi. Fungal communities were largely structured according to host plant identity and to a less extent by environmental factors. We observed a positive relationship between the phylogenetic distance of host plants and the distance of fungal community composition between samples, indicating that the evolutionary history of the host plants plays a major role for which fungi colonize the plant roots. In contrast to the ITS2 marker, the 18S rRNA gene marker showed that chytrid fungi were prevalently associated with plant roots, together with a wide spectrum of amoeba-like protists and nematodes. Our study confirms that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are present also in arctic environments in low abundance.</p><p></p>
FIGURES 377–380 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 377–380. Distribution of Mitrapsylla in Brazil: 377. M. hamata sp. nov. (square), holocalycis sp. nov. (circle), M. itacoatiara sp. nov. (triangle), M. itaparica (Crawford) (rhombus), M. longicauda Brown & Hodkinson (inverted triangle); 378. M. machaerii sp. nov. (triangle), M. megacerca Burckhardt & Queiroz (square), M. melanothorax sp. nov. (circle), M. ochra sp. nov. (rhombus), M. pallida sp. nov. (inverted triangle); 379. M. periandrae sp. nov. (triangle), M. pterodontis sp. nov. (rhombus), M. pterogynis sp. nov. (square), M. repens Burckhardt & Queiroz (circle), M. securigera sp. nov. (inverted triangle); 380. M. soror sp. nov. (square), M. truncata sp. nov. (inverted triangle), M. villosi sp. nov. (triangle), M. viridis Burckhardt & Queiroz (circle), M. xanthoptera sp. nov. (rhombus). For abbreviations of state names see Fig. 1.
FIGURES 363–372 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 363–372. Mitrapsylla spp., female subgenital plate, ventral view: 363. M. ochra sp. nov.; 364. M. pallida sp. nov.; 365. M. periandrae sp. nov.; 366. M. pterodontis sp. nov.; 367. M. pterogynis sp. nov.; 368. M. securigera sp. nov.; 369. M. soror sp. nov.; 370. M. truncata sp. nov.; 371. M. villosi sp. nov.; 372. M. xanthoptera sp. nov.
FIGURES 337–342 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 337–342. Mitrapsylla spp., female terminalia, lateral view: 337. M. pterogynis sp. nov.; 338. M. securigera sp. nov.; 339. M. soror sp. nov.; 340. M. truncata sp. nov.; 341. M. villosi sp. nov.; 342. M. xanthoptera sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 343–362 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 343–362. Mitrapsylla spp., female subgenital plate, ventral view: 343. M. aeschynomenis sp. nov.; 344. M. amazonica sp. nov.; 345. M. andirae sp. nov.; 346. M. aurantia sp. nov., 347. M. brevigenis sp. nov.; 348. M. cassiae sp. nov.; 349. M. ceplaciensis (White & Hodkinson); 350. M. clavata sp. nov.; 351. M. cubana Crawford; 352. M. cujabensis sp. nov.; 353. M. cuspidata sp. nov.; 354. M. didyma sp. nov.; 355. M. domahovskii sp. nov.; 356. M. halbertae sp. nov.; 357. M. hamata sp. nov.; 358. M. holocalycis sp. nov.; 359. M. itacoatiara sp. nov.; 360. M. itaparica (Crawford); 361. M. machaerii sp. nov.; 362. M. melanothorax sp. nov.
FIGURES 325–330 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 325–330. Mitrapsylla spp., female terminalia, lateral view: 325. M. domahovskii sp. nov.; 326. M. halbertae sp. nov.; 327. M. hamata sp. nov.; 328. M. holocalycis sp. nov.; 329. M. itacoatiara sp. nov.; 330. M. itaparica (Crawford). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 331–336 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 331–336 Mitrapsylla spp., female terminalia, lateral view: 331. M. machaerii sp. nov.; 332. M. melanothorax sp. nov.; 333. M. ochra sp. nov.; 334. M. pallida sp. nov., 335. M. periandrae sp. nov.; 336. M. pterodontis sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 313–318 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 313–318. Mitrapsylla spp., female terminalia, lateral view: 313. M. aeschynomenis sp. nov.; 314. M. amazonica sp. nov.; 315. M. andirae sp. nov.; 316. M. aurantia sp. nov.; 317. M. brevigenis sp. nov.; 318. M. cassiae sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 265–273 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 265–273. Mitrapsylla spp., male terminalia, lateral view: 265, 268, 271: paramere, outer surface; 266, 269, 272: paramere, inner surface; 267, 270, 273: distal segment of aedeagus. 265‾267. M. pterogynis sp. nov.; 268‾270. M. securigera sp. nov.; 271‾273. M. soror sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
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