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Figure 5 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 5. Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov.: holotype, infraorbital foramina and cast of trigeminal nerve. Scale bars: 50 mm. See Anatomical abbreviations for definitions of the acronyms. Anterior is on the left. Note that hard matrix filled the infraorbital foramina, forming a natural endocast of the exit of the trigeminal nerve (V).

Figure 4 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 4. Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov.: transverse sections of the right side of the rostrum. All sections represent the dorsal surface of the right maxilla and premaxilla. A, posterior section; B, section taken at approximately mid-length of narial fossa; C, anterior section. Numbers on the left refer to the distance (in mm) from the anterior end of the rostrum. Scale bar: 10 mm. *lateral border of maxilla; #premaxilla– maxilla suture.

Figure 3 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 3. Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov.: schematic representation of the holotype skull. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, right lateral view. Scale bar: 100 mm. See Anatomical abbreviations for definitions of the acronyms.

Figure 20 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 20. Caperea marginata: tympanic bulla. A, lateral view; B, medial view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral view; E, posterior view; F, anterior view. Scale bar: 100 mm. C, specimen ZM 19944; A, B, D–F, specimen in Klaas Post's private collection. See Anatomical abbreviations for definitions of the acronyms.

Figure 2 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 2. Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov.: holotype. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, right lateral view; D, left lateral view. In (A) the anterior portion (rostrum) is on the same plane as that on which the neurocranium is lodged, in order to better show the nasal bones. This results in wide gaps between the maxillae and the supraorbital processes of the frontal. Such gaps are absent in (B) because the anterior portion is closer to the neurocranium, to represent the whole skull in articulation.

Figure 14 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 14. Caperea marginata: right periotic (specimen ZM 19944), detached from skull. A, medial view; B, dorsal view; C, lateral view; D, posterior view; E, anterior view; F, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 mm. See Anatomical abbreviations for definitions of the acronyms.

Figure 1 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 1. Locality of the discovery of Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov. A, South America; B, Peruvian territory with Aguada de Lomas indicated by a line; C, close-up view of Aguada de Lomas in Peru.

Figure 17 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 17. Phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov. Maximum parsimony cladogram, representing the strict consensus of 108 equally parsimonious trees. Statistics: tree length, 914 steps; consistency index, 0.3840; consistency index excluding uninformative characters, 0.3751; rescaled consistency index, 0.2732; homoplasy index, 0.6160; homoplasy index excluding uninformative characters, 0.6249; retention index, 0.7114.

Figure 18 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 18. Phylogenetic relationships of baleen-bearing mysticetes resulting from the tree bisection and reconnection search and plotted against stratigraphic ages of the included taxa. Thick lines represent documented records; thin lines represent inferred ghost lineages. Ma, million years. The grey area represents a period of high origination rate in mysticete evolution. The divergence of Balaenidae and Neobalaenidae is calibrated on the stratigraphic age of Morenocetus parvus, the earliest described balaenid (the assignment to Balaenidae was confirmed by Bisconti, 2005).

FIGURE 2 in Pygmy chameleons of the Rhampholeon platyceps compex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae): Description of four new species from isolated ' sky islands' of northern Mozambique

FIGURE 2. Scatterplot of the first two principal components extracted of morphological characters for the Rhampholeon platyceps complex. Individuals from each species are indicated by symbols that correspond with those in Figure 1.

FIGURE 6 in Pygmy chameleons of the Rhampholeon platyceps compex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae): Description of four new species from isolated ' sky islands' of northern Mozambique

FIGURE 6. Rhampholeon maspictus sp. nov.: A—Allotype (left) and Holotype (right); B—Paratype (PEM R17073); C Paratype (PEM R17068, hatchling); D—Habitat on Mt. Mabu (W.R. Branch).

FIGURE 9 in Pygmy chameleons of the Rhampholeon platyceps compex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae): Description of four new species from isolated ' sky islands' of northern Mozambique

FIGURE 9. Rhampholeon bruessoworum sp. nov.: A—Holotype; B—Allotype; C—Habitat on Mt. Inago (J. Bayliss).

FIGURE 1 in Pygmy chameleons of the Rhampholeon platyceps compex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae): Description of four new species from isolated ' sky islands' of northern Mozambique

FIGURE 1. Map showing southern Malawi and Mozambique, with the Rhampholeon localities studied: southern Malawi—Mt. Mulanje and Malawi Hills; northern Mozambique—Mt. Chiperone, Mt. Mabu, Mt. Namuli and Mt. Inago. Symbols in Key indicate sampling areas for each species.

FIGURE 3 in Pygmy chameleons of the Rhampholeon platyceps compex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae): Description of four new species from isolated ' sky islands' of northern Mozambique

FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood topology for the Rhampholeon platyceps complex, and other members of the genus. Nodes supported by both ML (>70% bootstrap) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (>0.95pp) are denoted with black circles. Nodes supported by ML only are denoted with white circles. The former sub-species for R. platyceps are denoted with c ('carri') and p ('platyceps'). Symbols beside each species correspond with those in Figure 1.

FIGURE 7 in Pygmy chameleons of the Rhampholeon platyceps compex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae): Description of four new species from isolated ' sky islands' of northern Mozambique

FIGURE 7. Rhampholeon nebulauctor sp. nov. Holotype (PEM R17278): whole body (A) and close-up of head (B); C—Habitat on Mt. Chiperone (J. Bayliss).

FIGURE 8 in Pygmy chameleons of the Rhampholeon platyceps compex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae): Description of four new species from isolated ' sky islands' of northern Mozambique

FIGURE 8. Rhampholeon tiburyi sp. nov.: A—Allotype (PEM R17132, K.A. Tolley); B—Paratype (PEM R17134, K Tolley); C—Head of male paratype (PEM R20372) showing snout flexure; D—Preserved female holotype (PEM R14921); E—Manho Forest, Mt. Namuli (J. Bayliss).

FIGURE 4 in Pygmy chameleons of the Rhampholeon platyceps compex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae): Description of four new species from isolated ' sky islands' of northern Mozambique

FIGURE 4. Rhampholeon platyceps: A—adult male (Lichenya Plateau, PEM R16311, J. Marais, B—adult female (Lichenya Plateau, PEM R16310, J. Marais); C—Habitat on the Mt Mulanje plateau (J. Marais); R. chapmanorum: D—adult male, PEM R16245, E—adult female, PEM R16246 (Malawi Hills, C. Tilbury).

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Figure 2 in Mitochondrial sequences of the extinct Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus confirm its phylogenetic placement

Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships among the extinct Hippopotamus minor and the two extant hippopotami based on the completeMT dataset and the Bayesian inference BEAST method. Neoceti was used as an outgroup to root the tree. The red asterisk indicates the calibration point of the BEAST analysis. Numbers next to the nodes correspond to the estimated divergence times. Numbers on the branches (within brackets) are bootstrap values for the maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining methods and posterior probabilities for the Bayesian inference (BI and BEAST) methods. The embedded photograph shows one of the Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus petrous bones that was sampled to generate the mitogenomic data used in the phylogenetic analyses. Photo credit: Nikolaos Psonis.

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Figure 1 in Mitochondrial sequences of the extinct Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus confirm its phylogenetic placement

Figure 1. Map of Cyprus with Hippopotamus fossil sites (black dots), modified from Nicolaou et al. (2020). Aetokremnos is located at the southern part of the island (red dot). The small rock shelter is depicted in the embedded photograph. Photo credit: Christos Christophides.