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17O-EPR determination of the structure and dynamics of copper single-metal sites in zeolites
<p><strong>Description of the dataset: </strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Data type</strong>: Experimental spectroscopic measurements, computer simulation and analysis</li> <li>Files are with filename extensions: <strong>DSC</strong>, <strong>DAT</strong>, <strong>spc</strong>, <strong>par</strong>, <strong>m</strong>, <strong>f34</strong>,<strong> xyz</strong>, <strong>out</strong>, <strong>in</strong></li> <li>Information on <strong>origin of the data</strong>:</li> </ul> <ul> <li>EPR spectroscopic measurements with filename extensions <strong>DSC</strong>, <strong>DTA</strong>,<strong> spc </strong>and<strong> par.</strong></li> <li>EPR spectroscopic simulation and analyses with filename extension <strong>m</strong>.</li> <li>Periodic DFT computations with(out) filename extensions <strong>out</strong> and <strong>f34</strong> in ASCII format.</li> <li>Molecular cluster DFT computations with filename extensions <strong>in</strong> and <strong>out</strong> in ASCII format.</li> <li>Geometry information of cluster models is stored in <strong>xyz</strong> files in ASCII format.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>X-band CW-EPR spectroscopic measurements were generated by EMX spectrometer equipped with SHQ cavity produced by Bruker.</li> <li>Q-band and X-band Pulsed-EPR spectroscopic measurements were generated by ELEXYS 580 EPR spectrophotometer equipped with SHQ cavity and ER035 M NMR gaussmeter produced by Bruker.</li> <li>Periodic DFT computations were generated using distributed parallel version of CRYSTAL17 code.</li> <li>Molecular cluster DFT computations were generated using the ORCA (v4.2.1) code.</li> <li><strong>If t</strong> <ul> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20210625_01_CW</strong> folder includes X-band CW-EPR spectroscopic measurements; original data are in DTA/DSC and spc/par formats.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20210625_02_HYSCORE</strong> folder includes HYSCORE spectroscopic measurements; original data are in DTA/DSC formats.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20210625_03_ESE</strong> folder includes ESE spectroscopic measurements; original data are in DTA/DSC formats.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20210625_04_ENDOR</strong> folder includes ENDOR spectroscopic measurements; original data are in DTA/DSC formats.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20210625_05_MATLAB</strong> folder includes computer simulations/analyses of the EPR measurements; data are in m formats.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20210625_06_DFT </strong>folder includes periodic and cluster DFT computation inputs, outputs and geometries in ASCII format.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><strong>Information on</strong>: <ul> <li>specialized abbreviations: <strong>EPR</strong> – Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, <strong>CW</strong> – Continuous Wave EPR, <strong>ESE</strong> – Electron Spin Echo detected EPR, <strong>HYSCORE</strong> – HYperfine Sublevel CORrelation spectroscopy, <strong>ENDOR</strong> – Electron Nuclear DOuble Resonance spectroscopy, <strong>DFT </strong>– Density Functional Theory, <strong>CHA </strong>– Chabazite, zeolite topology.</li> <li>definitions of variables: <strong>Magnetic field, Temperature.</strong></li> <li>units of measurement: <strong>Gauss (G), K, degree (°), milliTesla (mT)</strong>.</li> <li>abbreviations: <strong>6MR, 8MR </strong>are the Cu docking sites; <strong>2Al-3NN</strong>, <strong>2Al-2NN</strong>, <strong>1Al</strong> are the different aluminium distributions analysed; <strong>1w</strong>, <strong>2w</strong>, <strong>3w, 4w</strong> indicates the number of water ligands considered in the models; <strong>eq</strong> and <strong>ax</strong> indicates equatorial and axial ligands. Periodic DFT computations with filename extension <strong>.f34</strong> include structural/symmetry information of optimized structure. Molecular cluster DFT computations with filename extension <strong>.in</strong>/<strong>.out</strong>/<strong>.xyz</strong> are inputs, outputs, and structure of cluster models.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
LTER-Italy Antarctic sites figure
<p>Geographical representation of the LTER-Italy Antarctic sites Macrosito Baia di Terranova (MBT - LTER_EU_IT_086), Mooring A: Southwestern Ross Sea, Ross Island (LTER_EU_IT_069), Mooring B: North Central Ross Sea, Joides Basin (LTER_EU_IT_070, Mooring D: Western Ross Sea, TerraNova Bay Polynya (LTER_EU_IT_071) and Mooring H: Central Ross Sea (LTER_EU_IT_072) - DEIMS-iDs <a href="https://deims.org/7fb8e2c6-b11f-41a7-b494-44ceeb3bed2d">https://deims.org/7fb8e2c6-b11f-41a7-b494-44ceeb3bed2d</a>, <a href="https://deims.org/86b6465c-b604-4efa-9145-0805f62216f4">https://deims.org/86b6465c-b604-4efa-9145-0805f62216f4</a>, <a href="https://deims.org/1fb62b9c-4d5c-4f1f-8882-807032337de7">https://deims.org/1fb62b9c-4d5c-4f1f-8882-807032337de7</a>, <a href="https://deims.org/b4121cd7-8b02-4872-b1d2-516d1c02056a">https://deims.org/b4121cd7-8b02-4872-b1d2-516d1c02056a</a> and <a href="https://deims.org/63a444a3-22e1-44fe-a7e3-7982366a2c1b">https://deims.org/63a444a3-22e1-44fe-a7e3-7982366a2c1b</a>.</p>
LTER-Italy Gulf of Naples sites figure
<p>Geographical representation of the LTER-Italy Gulf of Naples sites LTER Lacco Ameno (LTER_EU_IT_060) and LTER Marechiara (LTER_EU_IT_061) - DEIMS-ID <a href="https://deims.org/4a05a2fb-0015-4310-96d5-a94c019bda58">https://deims.org/4a05a2fb-0015-4310-96d5-a94c019bda58</a> and h<a href="http://ttps://deims.org/0b87459a-da3c-45af-a3e1-cb1508519411">ttps://deims.org/0b87459a-da3c-45af-a3e1-cb1508519411</a></p>
Moored current and temperature measurements in the Southern Adriatic Sea at mooring site BB and FF, March 2012-June 2020
<p>This data set includes n.4 files (NetCDF format) containing observational data and related metadata from two mooring sites, sites BB and FF, located in the Southern Adriatic Sea from the period from March 2012 to June 2020. The stand-alone moorings are equipped with an ADCP-RDI system which measures currents along the last 100 meters of the water column and a CTD probe located approximatively 10 m above the bottom. Moorings were configured and maintained for continuous long-term monitoring following the approach of the CIESM Hydrochanges Program (www.ciesm.org/marine/programs/hydrochanges.html). The moorings are currently operational as from 2021 they have joined the southern Adriatic submarine observatory of EMSO-ERIC European Consortium. The data are described in data paper Paladini et al., (In prep): Deep water hydrodynamic observations of two moorings sites on the continental slope of the Southern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). </p>
Post-remediation evaluation of contaminated site using geophysical methods: Ortophotomosaic Olkusz (Poland) 20220629
<p>The orthophotomap is based on 449 aerial photos taken by a Mavic PRO Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) fitted with an FC220 camera (focal length: 35 mm; charge-coupled device: 5472 × 3078 pixels, DJI, Shenzhen, China) on 29 June 2022. The final product is an orthophotomap with a 2.57 cm/pix raster field resolution. These products were mapped in the ellipsoid WGS 84 (EPSG:4326).</p> <p>This research was funded by National Science Centre, Poland MINIATURA-5 2021/05/X/ST10/00673 “Post-remediation evaluation of contaminated site using geophysical methods”</p>
LTER-Italy terrestrial sites map
<p>Map of Italy where the Italian Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER-Italy) freshwater sites are evidenced. The colours of the dots correspond to the terrestrial ecosystem (brown) typologies. The main features of the sites can be found on DEIMS-SDR, the LTER-Europe repository for research sites and datasets (<a href="https://deims.org/">https://deims.org</a>).</p>
LTER-Italy marine sites map
<p>Map of Italy where the Italian Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER-Italy) freshwater sites are evidenced. The colours of the dots correspond to the marine ecosystem (dark blue) typologies. The main features of the sites can be found on DEIMS-SDR, the LTER-Europe repository for research sites and datasets (<a href="https://deims.org/">https://deims.org</a>).</p>
LTER-Italy freshwater sites map
<p>Map of Italy where the Italian Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER-Italy) freshwater sites are evidenced. The colours of the dots correspond to the freshwater ecosystem (light blue) typologies. The main features of the sites can be found on DEIMS-SDR, the LTER-Europe repository for research sites and datasets (<a href="https://deims.org">https://deims.org</a>).</p>
LTER-Italy sites map
<p>Map of Italy where the Italian Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER-Italy) sites are evidenced. The colours of the dots correspond to the main ecosystem typologies: Dark blue = marine, light blue = freshwater, green = transitional water, brown = terrestrial. The main features of the sites can be found on DEIMS-SDR, the LTER-Europe repository for research sites and datasets (<a href="https://deims.org">https://deims.org</a>).</p>
LTER-Italy marine and transitional sites map
<p>Map of Italy where the Italian Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER-Italy) sites are evidenced. The colours of the dots correspond to the main ecosystem typologies: Dark blue = marine, green = transitional water. The main features of the sites can be found on DEIMS-SDR, the LTER-Europe repository for research sites and datasets (<a href="https://deims.org">https://deims.org</a>).</p>
Thermal site energy fluctuations in photosystem I: New insights from MD/QM/MM calculations
<p>We calculated the site energies of all 96 chlorophylls in a fully atomistic, trimeric and membrane-embedded model of cyanobacterial photosystem I (<a href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1JB0">PDB Code: 1JB0</a>). The resulting data set accounts for </p> <ul> <li> <p>thermal fluctuations within the entire photosystem by sampling 40 conformational snapshots from molecular dynamics trajectories.</p> </li> <li> <p>the electrostatic effects of the natural environment on the chlorophyll excitation by means of QM/MM calculations.</p> </li> <li> <p>the multireference nature of chlorophyll excitations by using the high-level DFT/MRCI method in the QM region.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Analysis of the data set reveals thermal fluctuations which prevent the formation of a single prominent energy funnel in the antenna complex. We conclude that energy transfer pathways may form only transiently at physiological temperatures, as thermal fluctuations overcome energy barriers.</p> <p><strong>v1.1.0</strong></p> <p>Added more snapshots for reaction center chlorophylls, results from statistical analysis and excitonic couplings in the point dipole approximation.</p> <p><strong>v1.0.0</strong></p> <p>Site energies, site energy shifts and absorption spectra of each chlorophyll in each snapshot, computed with and without environmental point charges. Structures and newly derived or modified force field parameters are also provided.</p> <p>For a detailed overview of each file, please refer to the README.</p>
Initial Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Water Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation at Lake Garda, GAIT site (Italy)
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical Copernicus products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. In the prototype phase, the instrument is being deployed at 24 sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. This dataset provides the first published data for the HYPERNETS site in Lake Garda in Italy (GAIT). It is a subset of the complete data record which consists of the best quality GAIT measurements which could be used for satellite validation. </p><p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2A hypernets products with water leaving radiance and reflectances, with and without NIR Similarity Correction (see Ruddick et al., 2006, DOI:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3841124">10.2307/3841124</a>). The reflectance in the L2A products is the Water Reflectance without NIR Similarity Correction (referred to as reflectance_nosc in the file) defined as:</p><p>\(\rho_wnosc=\pi (Lu-\rho_FLd)/E_d\)</p><p>where Lu is the upwelling radiance (at 40° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun), Ld is the downwelling radiance (at 140° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun). Ed is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance).</p><p>For the GAIT site, the reflectance corrected for the NIR Similarity correction (epsilon, see Ruddick et al., 2006) is also provided:</p><p>\(\rho_w=\pi (Lu-\rho_FLd)/E_d-\epsilon\)</p><p>These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for the computation of a water reflectance measurement. In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p><p>The HYPSTAR®-SR (Standard Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1000 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm. The hypernets_processor (Goyens et al. 2021, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738">10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738</a>; De Vis et al. in prep.) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. The current dataset is limited to the 400-900 nm range. Uncertainties are not yet included.</p><p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full GAIT data record and omit all the data that do not pass all the quality checks performed as part of the hypernets_processor. In addition, an additional screening procedure was developed to supply the best quality data suitable for satellite validation:</p><p>1. The coefficient of variation in water reflectance is below 10% in the 580-600 nm range</p><p>2. The water reflectance (after correction for the NIR similarity) at 500 nm is below 0.1</p><p> </p>
Initial Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Water Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation from the LPAR site (Argentina)
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical Copernicus products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. In the prototype phase, the instrument is being deployed at 24 sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. This dataset provides the first published data for the HYPERNETS site in Rio de La Plata, LPAR, in Argentina. It is a subset of the complete data record which consists of the best quality LPAR measurements which could be used for satellite validation. </p> <p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2A hypernets products with water leaving radiance and reflectances (without NIR Similarity Correction, see Ruddick et al., 2006, DOI:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3841124">10.2307/3841124</a>). The reflectance in the L2A products is the Water Reflectance (referred to as reflectance_nosc in the file) defined as:</p> <p><span class="math-tex"><em>ρ</em><em>w</em><em>n</em><em>o</em><em>s</em><em>c</em>=<em>π</em>(<em>L</em><em>u</em>−<em>ρ</em><em>F</em><em>L</em><em>d</em>)/<em>E</em><em>d</em></span></p> <p>where Lu is the upwelling radiance (at 40° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun), Ld is the downwelling radiance (at 140° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun). Ed is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance).</p> <p>These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for the computation of a water reflectance measurement. In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p> <p>The HYPSTAR®-SR (Standard Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1000 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm. The hypernets_processor (Goyens et al. 2021, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738">10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738</a>; De Vis et al. in prep.) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. The current dataset is limited to the 400-900 nm range. Uncertainties are not yet included.</p> <p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full LPAR data record and omit all the data that do not pass all of the quality checks performed as part of the hypernets_processor. In addition, an additional screening procedure was developed to supply the best quality data suitable for satellite validation:</p> <p>1. The coefficient of variation in water reflectance is below 10% in the 400-900 nm range</p> <p>2. The water reflectance at 500 nm is below 0.1</p>
Initial Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Water Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation from the VEIT site (Italy)
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical Copernicus products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. In the prototype phase, the instrument is being deployed at 24 sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. This dataset provides the first published data for the HYPERNETS site at Aqua Alta, Venice in Italy (VEIT). It is a subset of the complete data record which consists of the best quality VEIT measurements which could be used for satellite validation. </p> <p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2A hypernets products with water leaving radiance and reflectances, with and without NIR Similarity Correction (see Ruddick et al., 2006, DOI:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3841124">10.2307/3841124</a>). The reflectance in the L2A products is the Water Reflectance without NIR Similarity Correction (referred to as reflectance_nosc in the file) defined as:</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\rho_wnosc=\pi (Lu-\rho_FLd)/E_d\)</span></p> <p>where Lu is the upwelling radiance (at 40° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun), Ld is the downwelling radiance (at 140° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun). Ed is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance).</p> <p>For the VEIT site, the reflectance corrected for the NIR Similarity correction (epsilon, see Ruddick et al., 2006) is also provided:</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\rho_w=\pi (Lu-\rho_FLd)/E_d-\epsilon\)</span></p> <p>These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for the computation of a water reflectance measurement. In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p> <p>The HYPSTAR®-SR (Standard Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1000 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm. The hypernets_processor (Goyens et al. 2021, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738">10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738</a>; De Vis et al. in prep.) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. The current dataset is limited to the 400-900 nm range. Uncertainties are not yet included.</p> <p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full VEIT data record and omit all the data that do not pass all of the quality checks performed as part of the hypernets_processor. In addition, an additional screening procedure was developed to supply the best quality data suitable for satellite validation:</p> <p>1. The coefficient of variation in water reflectance is below 10% in the 580-600 nm range</p> <p>2. The water reflectance (after correction for the NIR similarity) above 800 nm is below 0.01</p> <p> </p>
Initial Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Water Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation at Berre coastal lagoon, BEFR site (France)
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical Copernicus products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. In the prototype phase, the instrument is being deployed at 24 sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. This dataset provides the first published data for the HYPERNETS site at Etang de Berre in France (BEFR). It is a subset of the complete data record which consists of the best quality BEFR measurements which could be used for satellite validation. </p> <p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2A hypernets products with water leaving radiance and reflectances, with and without NIR Similarity Correction (see Ruddick et al., 2006, DOI:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3841124">10.2307/3841124</a>). The reflectance in the L2A products is the Water Reflectance without NIR Similarity Correction (referred to as reflectance_nosc in the file) defined as:</p> <p><span class="math-tex"><em>ρ</em><em>w</em><em>n</em><em>o</em><em>s</em><em>c</em>=<em>π</em>(<em>L</em><em>u</em>−<em>ρ</em><em>F</em><em>L</em><em>d</em>)/<em>E</em><em>d</em></span></p> <p> </p> <p>where Lu is the upwelling radiance (at 40° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun), Ld is the downwelling radiance (at 140° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun). Ed is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance).</p> <p>For the BEFR site, the reflectance corrected for the NIR Similarity correction (epsilon, see Ruddick et al., 2006) is also provided:</p> <p><span class="math-tex"><em>ρ</em><em>w</em>=<em>π</em>(<em>L</em><em>u</em>−<em>ρ</em><em>F</em><em>L</em><em>d</em>)/<em>E</em><em>d</em>−<em>ϵ</em></span></p> <p> </p> <p>These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for the computation of a water reflectance measurement. In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p> <p>The HYPSTAR®-SR (Standard Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1000 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm. The hypernets_processor (Goyens et al. 2021, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738">10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738</a>; De Vis et al. in prep.) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. The current dataset is limited to the 400-900 nm range. Uncertainties are not yet included.</p> <p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full BEFR data record and omit all the data that do not pass all of the quality checks performed as part of the hypernets_processor. In addition, an additional screening procedure was developed to supply the best quality data suitable for satellite validation:</p> <p>1. The coefficient of variation in water reflectance is below 10% in the 500-600 nm range</p> <p>2. The water reflectance (after correction for the NIR similarity) between 700-900 nm is below 0.01</p>
Initial Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Water Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation at the mouth of the Gironde Estuary, MAFR site (France)
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical Copernicus products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. In the prototype phase, the instrument is being deployed at 24 sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. This dataset provides the first published data for the HYPERNETS site at the Gironde Estuary, MAGEST Network, in France (MAFR). It is a subset of the complete data record which consists of the best quality MAFR measurements which could be used for satellite validation. </p> <p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2A hypernets products with water leaving radiance and reflectances without NIR Similarity Correction (see Ruddick et al., 2006, DOI:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3841124">10.2307/3841124</a>). The reflectance in the L2A products is the Water Reflectance without NIR Similarity Correction (referred to as reflectance_nosc in the file) defined as:</p> <p><span class="math-tex"><em>ρ</em><em>w</em><em>n</em><em>o</em><em>s</em><em>c</em>=<em>π</em>(<em>L</em><em>u</em>−<em>ρ</em><em>F</em><em>L</em><em>d</em>)/<em>E</em><em>d</em></span></p> <p>where Lu is the upwelling radiance (at 40° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun), Ld is the downwelling radiance (at 140° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun). Ed is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance).</p> <p>These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for the computation of a water reflectance measurement. In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p> <p>The HYPSTAR®-SR (Standard Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1000 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm. The hypernets_processor (Goyens et al. 2021, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738">10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738</a>; De Vis et al. in prep.) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. The current dataset is limited to the 400-900 nm range. Uncertainties are not yet included.</p> <p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full MAFR data record and omit all the data that do not pass all of the quality checks performed as part of the hypernets_processor. In addition, an additional screening procedure was developed to supply the best quality data suitable for satellite validation:</p> <p>1. The coefficient of variation in water reflectance is below 10% in the 600-700 nm range</p>
Initial Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Surface Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation from the IFEVA site in Argentina
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical Copernicus products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. In the prototype phase, the instrument is being deployed at 24 sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. This dataset provides the first published data for the HYPERNETS site at IFEVA in Buenos Aires Argentina (IFAR). It is a subset of the complete data record which consists of the best quality IFAR measurements which could be used for satellite validation. </p> <p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2A hypernets products with surface reflectances, their associated uncertainties and error-correlation information. The reflectance in the L2A products is the Hemispherical-directional Reflectance Factor (HDRF) defined as: HDRF = π L / E where L is the directional upwelling radiance (with field of view of 5 degrees) and E is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance). These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for a given geometry (combination of viewing zenith and azimuth angle). In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, number of valid scans used, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p> <p>The IFAR site is a temporary test site located in the Agronomy Faculty campus in Buenos Aires city, Argentina (34.592322°S, 58.479017°W). The venue is managed by the IFEVA (Agricultural Physiology and Ecology Research Institute) and characterized by natural pastures with different treatments distributed in 16 patches of 7mx7m. The HYPSTAR®-XR sensor has been deployed in June 2021 at the top of a 2.4 m high tripod that is pointing to one of the patches where the vegetation has no specific treatment (natural) and is cut regularly every year in February. Data is collected every 30 min between 14:00 and 18:00 hs UTC (11:00 to 15:00 local time).</p> <p>The HYPSTAR®-XR (eXtended Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR and a SWIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1700 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm and the SWIR sensor has 220 channels between 1000 and 1700 nm with a FWHM of 10 nm. The hypernets_processor (Goyens et al. 2021; De Vis et al. in prep.) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. All of the products have associated uncertainties (divided into random and systematic uncertainties, including error-correlation information) which were propagated using the CoMet toolkit (www.comet-toolkit.org). </p> <p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full IFAR data record and omit all the data that do not pass all of the quality checks performed as part of the hypernets_processor. In addition, an additional screening procedure was developed to remove outliers and only supply the best quality data suitable for satellite validation. To remove the outliers, a sigma-clipping method is used. First reflectances are extracted in separate 2 hour windows throughout the day (to account for BRDF differences due to different solar position) for 4 different wavelengths (500, 900, 1100 and 1600 nm). Outliers in these reflectances are then identified by iteratively calculating the mean reflectance trend with time (by binning the data per maximum 30 data points), calculating the standard deviation from this trend, and masking any data that is more than 3 standard deviations away from the trend. This process is repeated on the unmasked data until the standard deviation does not vary by more than 5% between two iterations. The masks for the 4 different wavelengths are then combined (keeping only measurements for which none of the 4 wavelengths is an outlier). The reflectances and associated uncertainties for any masked series (i.e. a geometry that is masked either by the sigma-clipping procedure or from the masks of the hypernets_processor) are replaced by NaNs. Any sequence that has more than half of its series masked is removed entirely. </p>
Initial Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Water Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation at the measurement tower MOW1, M1BE site (Belgium)
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical Copernicus products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. In the prototype phase, the instrument is being deployed at 24 sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. This dataset provides the first published data for the HYPERNETS site at the measurement pole near the <em>Zeebrugge</em> harbour 3.65km from land, often called MOW1, in Belgium (M1BE). It is a subset of the complete data record which consists of the best quality M1BE measurements which could be used for satellite validation. </p> <p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2A hypernets products with water leaving radiance and reflectances, with and without NIR Similarity Correction (see Ruddick et al., 2006, DOI:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3841124">10.2307/3841124</a>). The reflectance in the L2A products is the Water Reflectance without NIR Similarity Correction (referred to as reflectance_nosc in the file) defined as:</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\rho_wnosc=\pi (Lu-\rho_FLd)/E_d\)</span></p> <p>where Lu is the upwelling radiance (at 40° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun), Ld is the downwelling radiance (at 140° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun). Ed is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance).</p> <p>For the M1BE site, the reflectance corrected for the NIR Similarity correction (epsilon, see Ruddick et al., 2006) is also provided:</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\rho_w=\pi (Lu-\rho_FLd)/E_d-\epsilon\)</span></p> <p>These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for the computation of a water reflectance measurement. In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p> <p>The HYPSTAR®-SR (Standard Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1000 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm. The hypernets_processor (Goyens et al. 2021, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738">10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738</a>; De Vis et al. in prep.) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. The current dataset is limited to the 400-900 nm range. Uncertainties are not yet included.</p> <p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full M1BE data record and omit all the data that do not pass all of the quality checks performed as part of the hypernets_processor. In addition, an additional screening procedure was developed to supply the best quality data suitable for satellite validation:</p> <p>1. The coefficient of variation in water reflectance is below 10% in the 500-600 nm range</p> <p>2. The water reflectance at 500 nm is below 0.1</p> <p>The data consists of 73 spectra ranging from 20230226T1431 till 20230429T1502.</p> <p>Coordinates of the site are the following:</p> <p>site_latitude = 51.360548<br> site_longitude = 3.118246</p> <p>The site is owned by Afdeling Kust (https://www.agentschapmdk.be/nl).</p> <p> </p>
Initial Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Surface Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation from the Wytham Woods site in the United Kingdom
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical Copernicus products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. In the prototype phase, the instrument is being deployed at 24 sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. This dataset provides the first published data for the Wytham Woods HYPERNETS site in the United Kingdom (WWUK). It is a subset of the complete data record which consists of the best quality WWUK measurements which could be used for satellite validation. </p> <p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2A hypernets products with surface reflectances, their associated uncertainties and error-correlation information. The reflectance in the L2A products is the Hemispherical-directional Reflectance Factor (HDRF) defined as: HDRF = π L / E where L is the directional upwelling radiance (with field of view of 5 degrees) and E is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance). These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for a given geometry (combination of viewing zenith and azimuth angle). In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, number of valid scans used, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p> <p>The WWUK site is a deciduous broadleaf forest comprised primarily of Oak, Hazel, Ash, Sycamore and Beech. It is located approximately 5 km North-West of Oxford, UK and has an extensive history of scientific research. The site follows the typical seasonal dynamics of a temperate forest with distinctive periods of leaf-off, green up and senescence across the growing season. The HYPERNETS site itself (51.777206 degrees N, 1.338494 W), is located at a height of 28 m upon a flux tower in the centre of the forest. The HYPSTAR®-XR sensor was installed in October 2021. Data are collected e very 30 minutes between 9am and 6pm local time between viewing zenith angles of 0 and 30 degrees.</p> <p>The HYPSTAR®-XR (eXtended Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR and a SWIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1700 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm and the SWIR sensor has 220 channels between 1000 and 1700 nm with a FWHM of 10 nm. The hypernets_processor (Goyens et al. 2021; De Vis et al. in prep.) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. All of the products have associated uncertainties (divided into random and systematic uncertainties, including error-correlation information) which were propagated using the CoMet toolkit (www.comet-toolkit.org). </p> <p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full WWUK data record and omit all the data that do not pass all of the quality checks performed as part of the hypernets_processor. In addition, two additional screening procedures are developed to remove outliers and only supply the best quality data suitable for satellite validation. For Wytham wood, sequences are only supplied that match a typical vegetation spectrum. As such, data is only provided between April and October during the leaf-on period. Reflectances are then tested against three parameters to check that they are vegetation spectrum. Firstly, that there is a peak in the green portion of the visible wavebands (560 nm). Secondly, that a red edge is detected. Finally, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is calculated. Spectra with an NDVI of less than 0.42 are removed from the final data set.</p> <p>After the vegetation quality flag are applied, a sigma-clipping method is used to remove outliers. First reflectances are extracted in separate 2 hour windows throughout the day (to account for BRDF differences due to different solar position) for 4 different wavelengths (500, 900, 1100 and 1600 nm). Outliers in these reflectances are then identified by iteratively calculating the mean reflectance trend with time (by binning the data per maximum 30 data points), calculating the standard deviation from this trend, and masking any data that is more than 3 standard deviations away from the trend. This process is repeated on the unmasked data until the standard deviation does not vary by more than 5% between two iterations. The masks for the 4 different wavelengths are then combined (keeping only measurements for which none of the 4 wavelengths is an outlier). The reflectances and associated uncertainties for any masked series (i.e. a geometry that is masked either by the sigma-clipping procedure or from the masks of the hypernets_processor) are replaced by NaNs. Any sequence that has more than half of its series masked is removed entirely. </p>
Data set for the journal article: Site-Specific Protein Ubiquitylation Using an Engineered, Chimeric E1 Activating Enzyme and E2 SUMO Conjugating Enzyme Ubc9
<p>Mutations observed in evolved chimeric E1 variants. Top row (1.X to 4.X) describes rounds of evolutions with respective variants in the round. </p> <p>Residues that appear to be enriched are highlighted with gray fill. Star (★) marks residues subjected to saturation mutagenesis in the round 4.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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