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Fig. 6 in Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China, with the earliest evidence of ovoviviparity

Fig. 6. Reconstruction of Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis gen. et sp. nov. Guanling Formation, Anisian, Middle Triassic; Daaozi Quarry, Luoping, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. A. Whole−body reconstruction. B. Reconstruction of normal scale. C. Reconstruction of scale from the anteroventral region.

Fig. 5 in Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China, with the earliest evidence of ovoviviparity

Fig. 5. Anisian (Middle Triassic) coelacanth Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis gen. et sp. nov. (LPV−10146) from the Middle Triassic Guanling Formation (Member II) of Daaozi Village, Luoxiong Town, Luoping County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China, holotype. Complete specimen in right lateral view (A), rectangles highlight the embryos. B. Embryo from near the basal plates of pelvic fin. C. Embryo from near the pelvic fin. Photographs (B1, C1), explanatory drawings (B2, C2). Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China, with the earliest evidence of ovoviviparity

Fig. 4. Anisian (Middle Triassic) coelacanth Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis gen. et sp. nov. from the Middle Triassic Guanling Formation (Member II) of Daaozi Village, Luoxiong Town, Luoping County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China. Outline drawings of basal plates of the fins based on LPV−10146, except A, based on LPV−5124. A. First dorsal fin. B. Second dorsal fin. C. Pelvic fin. D. Anal fin.

Fig. 2 in Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China, with the earliest evidence of ovoviviparity

Fig. 2. Anisian (Middle Triassic) coelacanth Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis gen. et sp. nov. (LPV−10575) from the Middle Triassic Guanling Formation (Member II) of Daaozi Village, Luoxiong Town, Luoping County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China. Photograph of the head in lateral view (A) and interpretive drawing (B). Scale bar 10 mm.

Fig. 1 in Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China, with the earliest evidence of ovoviviparity

Fig. 1. Anisian (Middle Triassic) coelacanth Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis gen. et sp. nov. (LPV−10146) from the Middle Triassic Guanling Formation (Member II) of Daaozi Village, Luoxiong Town, Luoping County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China, holotype. Photograph of the head in lateral view (A) and interpretive drawing (B). Scale bar 10 mm.

Fig. 8 in Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China, with the earliest evidence of ovoviviparity

Fig. 8. Cladograms showing the phylogenetic position of coelacanth Luopingcoelacanthus, 50% majority−rule tree (A) and strict consensus tree with bootstrap values (B). The analysis yielded 173 trees of length 275, with consistency index of 0.40 and retention index of 0.67; bootstrap values calculated with 1000 replicates. Some major clade names are indicated in A.

Fig. 7 in Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China, with the earliest evidence of ovoviviparity

Fig. 7. Anisian (Middle Triassic) coelacanth Yunnancoelacanthus acrotuberculatus gen et sp. nov (LPV−12748) from the Middle Triassic Guanling Formation (Member II) of Daaozi Village, Luoxiong Town, Luoping County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China, holotype. Complete specimen (A), photograph of the head in dorsal view (B), and interpretive drawing (C). Scale bar is 10 mm.

Fig. 3 in Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China, with the earliest evidence of ovoviviparity

Fig. 3. Anisian (Middle Triassic) coelacanth Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis gen et sp. nov. A. Complete specimen (LPV−5124) from the Middle Triassic Guanling Formation (Member II) of Daaozi Village, Luoxiong Town, Luoping County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China in ventral view. B–F. Isolated cranial bones: basisphenoid (B), parasphenoid (C), supraopercle (D), ceratohyal (E), and pterygoid (F). Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 3 in Silicified Anisian (Middle Triassic) spiriferinid brachiopods from Guizhou, South China

Fig. 3. Spiriferinid brachiopod Pseudospiriferina multicostata Yang and Xu, 1966 from the bed Cy 3 of the Yangjuan−Chupiwa section, near Chupiwa village, Xinmin District, Panxian County, Guizhou, China. A. Complete shell GMPKU−P−6145, in ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), anterior (A3) views. B. Ventral valve GMPKU−P−6148, in ventral (B1), posterior (B2), internal (B3) views, and enlargement of posterior internal structures showing the median septum and dental plates (B4). C. Shell GMPKU−P−6146, in ventral (C1), dorsal (C2), anterior (C3), lateral (C4), and posterior (C5) views. D. Dorsal valve GMPKU−P−6172 in external (D1), internal (D2) views, and enlargement of cardinalia (D3). E. Slightly damaged dorsal valve GMPKU−P−6149, in external (E1), internal (E2) views, and enlargement showing cardinalia (E3). F. Dorsal valve GMPKU−P−6156, in external (F1), internal (F2) views, and enlargement showing cardinalia (F3). G. Posterior internal structures (cardinalia) of dorsal valve GMPKU−P−6151, showing crura. H. Posterior internal view of dorsal valve GMPKU−P−6152, showing cardinalia and one of crus with start of spiralium. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in Silicified Anisian (Middle Triassic) spiriferinid brachiopods from Guizhou, South China

Fig. 4. Spiriferinid brachiopod Pseudospiriferina pinguis Yang and Xu, 1966 from the bed Cy 3 of the Yangjuan−Chupiwa section, near Chupiwa village, Xinmin District, Panxian County, Guizhou, China. Complete shell GMPKU−P−6168, in ventral (A), dorsal (B), posterior (C), and lateral oblique (D) views. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 2 in Silicified Anisian (Middle Triassic) spiriferinid brachiopods from Guizhou, South China

Fig. 2. Length vs. width diagram for 128 dorsal valves of Pseudospiriferina multicostata Yang and Xu, 1966 from the bed Cy 3 of the YangjuanChupiwa section, near Chupiwa village, Xinmin District, Panxian County, Guizhou, China.

Fig. 1 in Silicified Anisian (Middle Triassic) spiriferinid brachiopods from Guizhou, South China

Fig. 1. Lithologic sequence (A) and geographic position (B) of the Yangjuan−Chupiwa section, and relative abundance of species in spiriferinid interval (C); position of the silicified spiriferinid interval is arrowed. Partly after Sun et al. (2006), simplified. P., Pseudospiriferina; Ng., Neogondolella; Nc., Nicoraella.

Fig. 5 in Silicified Anisian (Middle Triassic) spiriferinid brachiopods from Guizhou, South China

Fig. 5. Length vs. width diagram for 17 specimens of Punctospirella fragilis (Schlotheim, 1814) from the bed Cy 3 of the Yangjuan−Chupiwa section, near Chupiwa village, Xinmin District, Panxian County, Guizhou, China.

Fig. 6 in Silicified Anisian (Middle Triassic) spiriferinid brachiopods from Guizhou, South China

Fig. 6. Spiriferinid brachiopod Punctospirella fragilis (Schlotheim, 1814) from the bed Cy 3 of the Yangjuan−Chupiwa section, near Chupiwa village, Xinmin District, Panxian County, Guizhou, China. A. Complete shell GMPKU−P−6164, in ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), lateral (A3), anterior (A4), and posterior (A5) views. B. Slightly damaged dorsal valve GMPKU−P−6169 in external (B1), internal (B2) views, and enlargement of cardinalia (B3). C. Dorsal valve GMPKU−P−6166 in external (C1), internal (C2) views, and enlargement of cardinalia (C3). D. Ventral valve GMPKU−P−6173, in ventral (D1) and internal views (D2). Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in Silicified and phosphatized Tianzhushania, spheroidal microfossils of possible animal origin from the Neoproterozoic of South China

Fig. 4. Tianzhushania in thin−section of phosphorites from the Weng'an area. A. Tianzhushania ornata (Xiao and Knoll, 2000) comb. nov., MESIG 10008 (42.1/98.2), cross−section view of specimen lacking the surrounding multilamellar outer covering (arrow in A1 shows position of A2); A2, close−up of A1, showing contour of prominences. B. Tianzhushania sp., MESIG 10008 (59.7/96.2), cross−section view of surface tubercles. C. Tianzhushania sp., MESIG 10007 (19.1/84.3), equatorial view of the tubercular wall.

Fig. 7 in Silicified and phosphatized Tianzhushania, spheroidal microfossils of possible animal origin from the Neoproterozoic of South China

Fig. 7. Phosphatized globular fossils from Doushantuo phosphorites in the Weng'an area. A. MESIG 21070, Tianzhushania ornata (Xiao and Knoll, 2000) comb. nov. with enclosed smooth internal body. B–J. Parapandorina raphospissa Xue et al. 1995. B. MESIG 20296, two−cell stage. C. MESIG 21027, four−cell stage. D. MESIG 20304. E. MESIG 21031. F. MESIG 21033, eight−cell stage. G. MESIG 21037. H. MESIG 20252. I. MESIG 20258. J. MESIG 21129, possible later stages. K, L. Globular fossils with smooth envelope. K. MESIG 20211. L. MESIG 21122.

Fig. 3. A in Silicified and phosphatized Tianzhushania, spheroidal microfossils of possible animal origin from the Neoproterozoic of South China

Fig. 3. A. Tianzhushania sp. with possible two−cell stage cleavage from thin sections of chert in the Weng'an area, MESIG 10003 (44/89.6); A1, general view, showing the wall and internal structures; note that the internal body is cleaved into two; arrow shows position of A2; A2, enlarged view of A1, showing details of the structure of the envelope. B. Typical Tianzhushania spinosa Yin and Li, 1978, found in a chert nodule from eastern Yangtze Gorges, MESIG 10006 (40.1/94.2); B1, general view, for comparison with the specimen (Fig. 2A) found in the Weng'an area (arrow shows position of B2); B2, enlarged view of B1, showing details of the structure of the wall (arrow points to external membrane between two bundles of processes).

Fig. 6 in Silicified and phosphatized Tianzhushania, spheroidal microfossils of possible animal origin from the Neoproterozoic of South China

Fig. 6. Phosphatized Tianzhushania ornata (Xiao and Knoll, 2000) comb. nov. in Doushantuo phosphorites at Weng'an. A. MESIG 21042; A2, detail of A1, showing a part of outer covering surrounding the envelope with tubercles. B. MESIG 21045, specimen preserving part of outer covering. C. MESIG 21064; note the internal membrane. D. MESIG 20303, showing shrunken internal body with membrane and secondary overgrowth on internal body. E. MESIG 20190, polygons with fractal branching; note numerous dimples at top. F. MESIG 21076; F2, detail of F1, showing details of irregularly distributed dimples. G. MESIG 21078, polygonal envelope ornamentation; note that dimples also occur on arches. H. MESIG 21009; H2, detail of H1, showing deflated envelope and details of envelope ornamentation. I. MESIG 21026, deflated envelope with envelope ornamentation.

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Fig. 4. Allometric relationships among bone measurements concerning four sexually dimorphic skeletal ratios. A in New information on sexual dimorphism and allometric growth in Keichousaurus hui, a pachypleurosaur from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou, South China

Fig. 4. Allometric relationships among bone measurements concerning four sexually dimorphic skeletal ratios. A. Humerus length vs. snout-vent length. B. Femur length vs. snout-vent length. C. Humerus vs. femur length. D. Maximum vs. minimum width of humerus.