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FIGURES 22–23 in Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. from Laos—a close relative of Heteropoda javana (Simon 1880) from Indonesia (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 22–23. Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. 22 Ψ paratype (PJ 2190), 23 % paratype (PJ 2193), both from Muang Sing, Laos. 22 Ventral view showing black sternum, coxae, labium and median band of opisthosoma. 23 Dorsal habitus showing bright patch and long hairs on posterior opisthosoma and the more distinct colouration in comparison with female. Photos: P. Jäger.

FIGURES 20–21 in Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. from Laos—a close relative of Heteropoda javana (Simon 1880) from Indonesia (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 20–21. Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov., Ψ paratype (PJ 2190) from Muang Sing, Laos. 20 Habitus with characteristic leg position, dorsal view; 21 Frontal view showing the black distal half of chelicerae and palps. Photos: P. Jäger.

FIGURES 11–19 in Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. from Laos—a close relative of Heteropoda javana (Simon 1880) from Indonesia (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 11–19. Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov., Ψ paratypes (11–14 PJ 2179, 15 PJ 2187, 16–19 PJ 2188). 11, 15–16 epigyne, ventral view; 12–13 vulva, (12, 17 dorsal view, 13 frontal view, 18 laterofrontal view); 14, 19 schematic course of internal duct system (14 frontal view, 19 laterofrontal view).

FIGURES 1–10 in Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. from Laos—a close relative of Heteropoda javana (Simon 1880) from Indonesia (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 1–10. Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. (1–6 ɗ holotype, 7 ɗ paratype PJ 2178, 8–9 Ψ paratype PJ 2179, 10 Ψ paratype 2188). 1 left palp, prolateral view; 2 left palp, ventral view; 3 left palp, retrolateral view; 4 left palp, tibia, dorsal view; 5, 8 eye arrangement, dorsal view; 6, 9 chelicerae, ventral view; 7 retrolateral tibial apophysis showing variation, ventral view; 10 palpal claw, retrolateral view.

FIGURES 27–30. 27–28 in Martensopoda gen. nov. from southern Indian mountain ranges, the first genus of huntsman spiders with a cymbial spur (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 27–30. 27–28 Martensopoda transversa gen. nov., sp. nov., ♂ holotype, ΨΨ paratypes from Cardamon Hills, Kerala, India. 29–30 Martensopoda minuscula (Reimoser 1934) comb. nov., ΨΨ from Palni Hills, Tamil Nadu, India (27, 29 dorsal aspect; 28, 30 ventral aspect). See illustrations for identification (PJ) number.

FIGURES 13–21 in Martensopoda gen. nov. from southern Indian mountain ranges, the first genus of huntsman spiders with a cymbial spur (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 13–21. Martensopoda minuscula (Reimoser 1934) comb. nov., ΨΨ from Palni Hills, Tamil Nadu, India (13–16 PJ 1776, 17 PJ 1777, 18–19 lectotype PJ 1705, 21–21 paralectotype PJ 1706). 13, 17–18, 20 Epigyne, ventral; 14–15 Internal duct system, dorsal (15 right half partly broken and shifted); 16 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 19, 21 Left chelicera, showing dentition, ventral. R spiral rim of copulatory opening.

FIGURES 1–8 in Martensopoda gen. nov. from southern Indian mountain ranges, the first genus of huntsman spiders with a cymbial spur (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 1–8. Martensopoda transversa gen. nov., sp. nov., ♂ holotype from Cardamon Hills, India (PJ 1771). 1–5 Left male pedipalp (1 prolateral, 2, 5 ventral, 3 retrolateral, 4 dorsal); 6 Tip of embolus, prolateral; 7 Trilobate membrane of left leg IV, dorsal; 8 Dorsal shield of prosoma, dorsal. C conductor, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, PB prolateral bulge, SP spur of cymbium.

FIGURES 1–4 in Heteropoda schwendingeri Jäger 2005 (Araneae: Sparassidae) — first description of female with notes on intraspecific variation and evidences supporting species status

FIGURES 1–4. Heteropoda schwendingeri Jäger 2005, females from Than Lod Yai cave, type locality. 1, 3 Epigyne, ventral view; 2, 4 Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm. Abbreviations: AB — anterior bands of epigynal field, AM — anterior margins of lateral lobes, MK — median keel of anterior median septum.

FIGURES 10–11 in Heteropoda schwendingeri Jäger 2005 (Araneae: Sparassidae) — first description of female with notes on intraspecific variation and evidences supporting species status

FIGURES 10–11. Heteropoda schwendingeri Jäger 2005, male (10) and female (11) from Than Lod Yai cave, type locality, habitus.

FIGURES 9–12 in Martensopoda gen. nov. from southern Indian mountain ranges, the first genus of huntsman spiders with a cymbial spur (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 9–12. Martensopoda transversa gen. nov., sp. nov., ΨΨ paratypes from Cardamon Hills, Kerala, India (9–10, 12 PJ 1772, 11 PJ 1775). 9, 11 Epigyne, ventral; 10 Internal duct system, dorsal; 12 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal. LL lateral loops of internal duct system, MS median septum, PA pit anterior to septum, PP pit posterior to septum, R spiral rim of copulatory opening.

FIGURES 5–9 in Heteropoda schwendingeri Jäger 2005 (Araneae: Sparassidae) — first description of female with notes on intraspecific variation and evidences supporting species status

FIGURES 5–9. Heteropoda schwendingeri Jäger 2005, females (5–8) and male (9) from Than Lod Yai cave, type locality. 5 Epigyne, ventral view; 6 Vulva, dorsal view; 7 Vulva, anterior view; 8 schematic course of internal duct system; 9 RTA, orthogonal view. Scale bars: 5–8, 9: 1 mm. Abbreviations: dRTA — dorsal part of RTA, vRTA — ventral part of RTA.

FIGURES 22–26. 22–25 in Martensopoda gen. nov. from southern Indian mountain ranges, the first genus of huntsman spiders with a cymbial spur (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 22–26. 22–25 Martensopoda minuscula (Reimoser 1934) comb. nov., ΨΨ from Palni Hills, Tamil Nadu, India (22–23 PJ 1776, 24–25 PJ 1778). 26 Martensopoda transversa gen. nov., sp. nov., Ψ paratype from Cardamon Hills, Kerala, India (PJ 1772). 22 Claw of right pedipalpus, retrolateral; 23 Prolateral claw of right leg I, prolateral; 24, 26 Dorsal shield of prosoma, dorsal; 25 Sternum, ventral.

FIGURE 137 in Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province

FIGURE 137. Localities of Pseudopoda spp. in Yunnan and adjacent regions. 1 — Wengshang, 55 km N Zhongdian (shuqiangi); 2 — Tuguancun, 51 km SSE Zhongdian (yinae), 3 — Qiqi He (contentio), 4 — Bridge Camp (No. 12) (contentio, gongschana), 5–6 — Danzhu He (5 — 15.7–16.0 air km SW of Gongshan: contentio, saetosa; 6 — 13.5 air km SSW of Gongshan: contentio, gongschana), 7 — Pianma (amelia, digitata, sinapophysis), 8 — Zhon Lushui Xian (interposita), 9 — Luoshuidong (obtusa, sinapophysis), 10 — Nankang (contraria, sinapophysis), 11 — Yangbi (yunnanensis), 12 — Dali (cangschana, daliensis, rivicola), 13 — Xishan (bibulba, roganda, spiculata), 14 — Hsiao Meng Lun (cf. bibulba). Open square — Adung Valley; N Myanmar (platembola, biapicata). Filled square — Emei Shan, Sichuan Province, China (rivicola). Inset: Position of Yunnan Province in China.

FIGURES 120–127 in Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province

FIGURES 120–127. Pseudopoda spiculata (Wang, 1990) from Kunming, Mt. Xishan Forest Park (120–122 holotype male, PJ 2548; 123–125 female, PJ 1922; 126–127 female, PJ 1923). 120 Tegulum, ventral; 121–122 Left male palpal tibia (121 ventral, 122 retrolateral); 123 Epigyne, ventral; 124 Vulva, dorsal; 125 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 126 Sternum, ventral; 127 femur, left leg I, prolateral.

FIGURES 114–119 in Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province

FIGURES 114–119. Pseudopoda contraria sp. n. from Gaoligongshan, Nankang (114–116 holotype male, PJ 2111; 117–119 paratype female, PJ 2113). 114–116 Left male palp (114 prolateral; 115 ventral; 116 retrolateral); 117 Epigyne, ventral; 118 Vulva, dorsal; 119 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal.

FIGURES 16–23 in Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province

FIGURES 16–23. Pseudopoda saetosa sp. n. from Gaoligongshan, Danzhu He (16–19 holotype male, PJ 1928; 20–21 paratype female, PJ 1926; 22–23 paratype female, PJ 1927). 16–18 Left male palp (16 prolateral; 17 ventral; 18 retrolateral); 19 Embolus, ventral; 20, 22 Epigyne, ventral; 21, 23 Vulva, dorsal.

FIGURES 91–96 in Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province

FIGURES 91–96. Pseudopoda obtusa sp. n. from Gaoligongshan, Luoshuidong (91–94 holotype male, PJ 2093; 95–96 paratype female, PJ 2095). 91–93 Left male palp (91 prolateral; 92 ventral; 39 retrolateral); 94 Prosoma, dorsal; 95 Epigyne, ventral; 96 Vulva, dorsal.

FIGURES 60–65. 60–62 in Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province

FIGURES 60–65. 60–62 Pseudopoda yunnanensis (Yang and Hu, 2001) comb. n. from Cangshan, Yangbi (holotype male); modified from Yang and Hu (2001), without scale. 63–65 Pseudopoda roganda sp. n. from Kunming, Mt. Xi Shan Forest Park (holotype male, PJ 1908). 60–65 Left male palp (63 prolateral; 60, 64 ventral; 61–62, 65 retrolateral).

FIGURES 10–15 in Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province

FIGURES 10–15. Pseudopoda gongschana sp. n. from Gaoligongshan, Danzhu He (10–12 holotype male, PJ 1933; 13– 14 paratype female, PJ 1934; 15 paratype female, PJ 1935). 10–12 Left male palp (10 prolateral; 11 ventral; 12 retrolateral); 13, 15 Epigyne, ventral; 14 Vulva, dorsal.

FIGURES 1–9. 1–6 in Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province

FIGURES 1–9. 1–6 Pseudopoda sinapophysis sp. n. from Gaoligongshan, Pianma (1–3 holotype male, PJ 2073, 4–6 paratype female, PJ 2076). 7–9 Pseudopoda interposita sp. n. from Nujiang Zhou (holotype male, PJ 2161). 1–3, 7–9 Left male palp (1 prolateral; 2, 7 ventral; 3, 8 retrolateral; 9 dorsal); 4 Epigyne, ventral; 5 Vulva, dorsal; 6 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal.