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1,994 results for “Tailings”
Data from: Abiotic legacies mediate plant-soil feedback during early vegetation succession on rare earth element mine tailings
<p>An increasing number of studies have shown how feedback interactions between plants and soil can influence primary and secondary succession. However, very little is known about the patterns and mechanisms of such plant-soil feedbacks on stressed mine tailings ecosystem, which can be severely contaminated by a range of toxic elements. </p> <p>In a two-phase plant-soil feedback experiment based on the rare earth element (REE) mine tailing soil, we investigated biotic (changes in bacterial and fungal community) and abiotic legacies (changes in chemical properties) of three pioneer grass species, and examined feedback effects of three grasses, two legumes and two woody plants with different root traits.</p> <p>Positive plant-soil feedback was found in Miscanthus sinensis, Paspalum thunbergii and Tephrosia candida, and neutral feedback was observed in other four plants. These effects corresponded with an increase of nutrients and total organic carbon, as well as a decrease of acidity and extractable aluminum and REEs. There were less signs of biotic changes in the conditioned tailings. </p> <p>The correlation analysis suggested a relationship between responses to soil legacies and root traits, as well as root economics spectrum. On the mine tailings, acquisitive species with higher specific root length appeared to have greater potential for positive feedback. </p> <p>Synthesis and application: Our study shows that early succession on contaminated REE mine tailings may lead to more positive plant-soil feedback than predicted based on results of non-contaminated soils, mainly due to the alleviation of abiotic stress in tailings. Therefore, the improvement of specific abiotic soil stress and the trait-based selection of acquisitive plants should be preferentially considered to promote the primary restoration of degraded land.</p>
Data for White-tailed Deer Detection Intensity Increases When Coyotes Are Present
<p>Data and code used for fitting two-species occupancy model with continuous time detection process.</p>
Cat with two tails - Folk Art
Known locally as the cat with two tails. Carving of cat sitting on a bough. A very worn date of 18(6?)8 is below the cat. Located in the pier of entrance leading into a 19 th century farmyard. Model was created for Irish Folk Art project funded by Roisin O'Grady, Tipperary Heritage Officer. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Differences in foraging range between white-tailed tropicbirds breeding on inner and outer Seychelles Islands
<p>The foraging ecology and distribution of Phaethontiformes, an order of tropical seabirds, remains generally poorly understood, despite being essential to inform their conservation. Here, we tracked, for the first time, the foraging movements of breeding white-tailed tropicbirds <em>Phaethon lepturus</em>, a common but poorly studied seabird, in the Indian Ocean. We compared the foraging movements and habitat preferences of 2 populations, one from Aride Island in the inner Seychelles and the other from Aldabra Atoll in the outer Seychelles, ca. 1200 km to the southwest. We found considerable differences in foraging trip metrics between populations, with birds from Aride having an average foraging range 2 times greater (231 km on Aride vs. 105 km on Aldabra), and both populations feeding far beyond the protected areas around their respective colony. We also found differences in foraging range between incubation and chick-rearing stages and sexes. Using habitat models, we highlight the birds' preference for deep waters, which may explain the greater foraging range of Aride birds, although human activities may also play a role. Our study provides unprecedented insight into the foraging ecology of white-tailed tropicbirds in the Western Indian Ocean.</p>
FR045, Middle Woodland, Turkey Tail point
Turkey Tail Point Middle Woodland Uploaded by Carson Wright Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Carson Wright, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR045, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data for: Adaptive tail-length evolution in deer mice is associated with differential Hoxd13 expression in early development
<p>Variation in the size and number of axial segments underlies much of the diversity in animal body plans. Here, we investigate the evolutionary, genetic, and developmental mechanisms driving tail-length differences between forest and prairie ecotypes of deer mice (<em>Peromyscus maniculatus</em>). We first show that long-tailed forest mice perform better in an arboreal locomotion assay, consistent with tails being important for balance during climbing. We then identify six genomic regions that contribute to differences in tail length, three of which associate with caudal vertebra length and the other three with vertebra number. For all six loci, the forest allele increases tail length, indicative of the cumulative effect of natural selection. Two of the genomic regions associated with variation in vertebra number contain Hox gene clusters. Of those, we find an allele-specific decrease in Hoxd13 expression in the embryonic tail bud of long-tailed forest mice, consistent with its role in axial elongation. Additionally, we find that forest embryos have more presomitic mesoderm than prairie embryos, and that this correlates with an increase in the number of neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs), which are modulated by Hox13 paralogs. Together, these results suggest a role for Hoxd13 in the development of natural variation in adaptive morphology on a microevolutionary timescale.</p>
Dorylaimus carteri Bast. lugdunensis (do Man), ♂. Tail obj. 7, ok. 3, × 360. in Terrestrial nematodes from Jan Mayen
Dorylaimus carteri Bast. lugdunensis (do Man), ♂. Tail obj. 7, ok. 3, × 360.
Hotter deserts and the impending challenges for the spiny-tailed lizard in India
<p>Ectotherms are particularly vulnerable to climate change, especially those living in extreme areas, such as deserts, where species are already thermally constrained. Using the vulnerable herbivorous lizard, <em>Saara hardwickii</em>, as a model system, we used a multi-pronged approach to understand the thermal ecology of a desert agamid and the potential impacts of rising temperatures. Our data included field-based measures of operative temperatures, body temperatures, and activity, as well as lab-based measures of thermal limits, preferences, and sprint speed. As expected, the temperature dependence of locomotor performance and foraging activity was different, and in the worst-case global warming scenario (SSP5-8.5), potential sprint speed may decrease by up to 14.5% and foraging activity may decrease by up to 43.5% by 2099. Burrows are essential thermal refuges, and global warming projections suggest that <em>S. hardwickii </em>may be restricted to burrows for up to 9 hours per day by 2099, which would greatly limit critical activities, like foraging and seeking mating opportunities. Overall, we show that key information on thermal ecology, including temperature-sensitive behaviours in the wild, is necessary to understand the multiple ways in which increasing temperatures may influence ectothermic vertebrates, especially for species like <em>S. hardwickii </em>which are already vulnerable to environmental change.</p>
Long-Tailed Anomaly Detection (LTAD) Dataset
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>Anomaly detection (AD) aims to identify defective images and localize their defects (if any). Ideally, AD models should be able to: detect defects over many image classes; not rely on hard-coded class names that can be uninformative or inconsistent across datasets; learn without anomaly supervision; and be robust to the long-tailed distributions of real-world applications. To address these challenges, we formulate the problem of long-tailed AD by introducing several datasets with different levels of class imbalance for performance evaluation.</p> <p>To encourage more follow up works on long-tailed AD, we are publicly releasing the dataset split used in our paper (“Long-Tailed Anomaly Detection with Learnable Class Names” by Chih-Hui Ho, Kuan-Chuan Peng, and Nuno Vasconcelos, CVPR 2024).</p> <p>Files in the unzipped folder:</p> <p>1. ./README.md: This Markdown file</p> <p>2. ./dataset_split: Folder contains long-tail splits from three datasets. See below for details.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>At a Glance</strong></p> <ul> <li>The size of the unzipped dataset is ~16MB</li> <li>Three datasets are used in this project, including [MVTec](https://www.mvtec.com/company/research/datasets/mvtec-ad), [VisA](https://github.com/amazon-science/spot-diff) and [DAGM](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/mhskjelvareid/dagm-2007-competition-dataset-optical-inspection). Please download the datasets from their original repositories.</li> <li>The dataset split provided in this folder is organized as follows:<br>```<br>dataset_split<br>|---dagm_lt<br>|---mvtec_lt<br>|---visa_lt<br>|-----|-- exp<br>|-----|-----|----- 100<br>|-----|-----|----- |-----test.json<br>|-----|-----|----- |-----train.json<br>|-----|-----|----- 200<br>|-----|-- step<br>|-----|-- ...<br>```</li> <li>Each long-tailed dataset split contains a subfolder ``imbalance_type/imbalance_factor", where imbalance type can be [exponential (exp), step, reverse exponential (exp_reverse), reverse step (step_reverse)]. The definition of imbalance type and imbalance factor can be found in our paper. Each subfolder contains two json files, one for training and the other for testing.</li> <li>Each entry in the json file contains the meta information of an image and is similar to<br>```<br>{"filename": "candle/test/bad/000.JPG", "label": 1, "label_name": "defective", "clsname": "candle", "maskname": "candle/ground_truth/bad/000.png"}<br>```<br>- filename: location of the input image in the dataset<br>- label: indicates whether the input image is normal (labeled as 0) or defective (labeled as 1)<br>- label name: can be "good" or "defective"<br>- clsname: class name of the input image<br>- maskname (optional): location of the binary image that indicates the defect region. This is only available for test.json, because there is no defect image during training.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation</strong></p> <p>If you use the LTAD dataset in your research, please cite our contribution:</p> <pre><code>@InProceedings{Ho_2024_CVPR, author = {Ho, Chih-Hui and Peng, Kuan-Chuan and Vasconcelos, Nuno}, title = {Long-Tailed Anomaly Detection with Learnable Class Names}, booktitle = {The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, month = {June}, year = {2024} } </code></pre> <p><strong>License</strong></p> <p>The LTAD dataset is released under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC-BY-SA-4.0 license</a>. For the images in the MVTec, VisA, and DAGM datasets, please refer to their websites for their copyright and license terms.</p> <pre><code>Created by Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), 2023-2024 SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0</code></pre>
Population genomics of flat-tailed horned lizards (Phrynosoma mcallii) informs conservation and management across a fragmented Colorado Desert landscape
<p><em>Phrynosoma mcallii</em> (flat-tailed horned lizards) is a species of conservation concern in the Colorado Desert of the United States and Mexico. We analyzed ddRADseq data from 45 lizards to estimate population structure, infer phylogeny, identify migration barriers, map genetic diversity hotspots, and model demography. We identified the Colorado River as the main geographic feature contributing to population structure, with the populations west of this barrier further subdivided by the Salton Sea. Phylogenetic analysis confirms that northwestern populations are nested within southeastern populations. The best-fit demographic model indicates Pleistocene divergence across the Colorado River, with significant bidirectional gene flow, and a severe Holocene population bottleneck. These patterns suggest that management strategies should focus on maintaining genetic diversity on both sides of the Colorado River and Salton Sea. We recommend additional lands in the U.S. and Mexico that should be considered for similar conservation goals as those in the Rangewide Management Strategy (RMS). We also recommend periodic rangewide genomic sampling to monitor ongoing attrition of diversity, hybridization, and changing structure due to habitat fragmentation, climate change and other long-term impacts.</p>
Figure 2 in Distribution and roosting ecology of the lesser mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831 (Chiroptera: Rhinopomatidae)
Figure 2. The fatty abdominal tissue of Rhinopoma hardwickii.
Figure 1 in Distribution and roosting ecology of the lesser mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831 (Chiroptera: Rhinopomatidae)
Figure 1. The lesser mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickii.
CDIPS Light Curves from the paper "Confirming the Tidal Tails of the Young Open Cluster Blanco 1 with TESS Rotation Periods"
<p>This dataset contains the CDIPS light curves used in the paper "Confirming the Tidal Tails of the Young Open Cluster Blanco 1 with TESS Rotation Periods". The abstract of the original paper is as follows.</p> <p>Blanco 1 is an ≈ 130 Myr open cluster located 240 pc from the Sun below the Galactic plane. Recent studies have reported the existence of diffuse tidal tails extending 50–60 pc from the cluster center, based on the positions and velocities measured by Gaia. To independently assess the reality and extent of this structure, we used light curves generated from TESS full-frame images to search for photometric rotation periods of stars in and around Blanco 1. We detected rotation periods down to a stellar effective temperature of ≈ 3100 K in 347 of the 603 cluster member candidates for which we have light curves. For cluster members in the core and candidate members in the tidal tails, both within a temperature range of 4400 to 6200 K, 74% and 72% of the rotation periods are consistent with the single-star gyrochronological sequence, respectively. In contrast, a comparison sample of field stars yielded gyrochrone-consistent rotation periods for only 8.5% of stars. The tidal tail candidates' overall conformance to the core members' gyrochrone sequence implies that their contamination ratio is consistent with zero and < 0.33 at the 2σ level. This result confirms the existence of Blanco 1 tidal tails and doubles the number of Blanco 1 members for which there are both spatio-kinematic and rotation-based cluster membership verification. Extending the strategy of using TESS light curves for gyrochronology to other nearby young open clusters and stellar associations may provide a viable strategy for mapping out their dissolution and broadening the search for young exoplanets.</p>
Bizarre tail weaponry in a transitional ankylosaur from subantarctic Chile
<p>Armoured dinosaurs are well known for their evolution of specialized tail weapons— paired tail spikes in stegosaurs and heavy tail clubs in advanced ankylosaurs1. Armoured dinosaurs from southern Gondwana are rare and enigmatic, but probably include the earliest branches of Ankylosauria2–4. Here we describe a mostly complete, semi-articulated skeleton of a small (approximately 2 m) armoured dinosaur from the late Cretaceous period of Magallanes in southernmost Chile, a region that is biogeographically related to West Antarctica5. Stegouros elengassen gen. et sp. nov. evolved a large tail weapon unlike any dinosaur: a flat, frond-like structure formed by seven pairs of laterally projecting osteoderms encasing the distal half of the tail. Stegouros shows ankylosaurian cranial characters, but a largely ancestral postcranial skeleton, with some stegosaur-like characters. Phylogenetic analyses placed Stegouros in Ankylosauria; specifically, it is related to Kunbarrasaurus from Australia6 and Antarctopelta from Antarctica7, forming a clade of Gondwanan ankylosaurs that split earliest from all other ankylosaurs. The large osteoderms and specialized tail vertebrae in Antarctopelta suggest that it had a tail weapon similar to Stegouros. We propose a new clade, the Parankylosauria, to include the first ancestor of Stegouros— but not Ankylosaurus—and all descendants of that ancestor.</p>
Bizarre tail weaponry in a transitional ankylosaur from subantarctic Chile
<p>Armoured dinosaurs are well known for their evolution of specialized tail weapons— paired tail spikes in stegosaurs and heavy tail clubs in advanced ankylosaurs1. Armoured dinosaurs from southern Gondwana are rare and enigmatic, but probably include the earliest branches of Ankylosauria2–4. Here we describe a mostly complete, semi-articulated skeleton of a small (approximately 2 m) armoured dinosaur from the late Cretaceous period of Magallanes in southernmost Chile, a region that is biogeographically related to West Antarctica5. Stegouros elengassen gen. et sp. nov. evolved a large tail weapon unlike any dinosaur: a flat, frond-like structure formed by seven pairs of laterally projecting osteoderms encasing the distal half of the tail. Stegouros shows ankylosaurian cranial characters, but a largely ancestral postcranial skeleton, with some stegosaur-like characters. Phylogenetic analyses placed Stegouros in Ankylosauria; specifically, it is related to Kunbarrasaurus from Australia6 and Antarctopelta from Antarctica7, forming a clade of Gondwanan ankylosaurs that split earliest from all other ankylosaurs. The large osteoderms and specialized tail vertebrae in Antarctopelta suggest that it had a tail weapon similar to Stegouros. We propose a new clade, the Parankylosauria, to include the first ancestor of Stegouros— but not Ankylosaurus—and all descendants of that ancestor.</p>
Earthworm abundance and availability does not influence the reproductive decisions of black-tailed godwits in an agricultural grassland
<ol> <li>Maintaining the biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems has become a global imperative. Across Europe, species that occupy agricultural grasslands, such as Black-tailed Godwits (<i>Limosa limosa limosa</i>), have undergone steep population declines. In this context, there is a significant need to both determine the root causes of these declines and identify actions that will promote biodiversity while supporting the livelihoods of farmers.</li> <li>Food availability, and specifically earthworm abundance (Lumbricidae), during the pre-breeding period has often been suggested as a potential driver of godwit population declines. Previous studies have recommended increasing the application of nitrogen to agricultural grasslands to enhance earthworm populations and aid agricultural production. Here we test whether food availability during the pre-breeding period affects when and where godwits breed.</li> <li>Using large-scale surveys of food availability, a long-term mark-recapture study, focal observations of foraging female godwits, and tracking devices that monitored godwit movements, we found little evidence of a relationship between earthworm abundance and the timing of godwit reproductive efforts or the density of breeding godwits. Furthermore, we found that the soils of intensively managed agricultural grasslands may frequently be too dry for godwits to forage for those earthworms that are present.</li> <li>The increased application of nitrogen to agricultural grasslands will therefore likely have no positive effects on godwit populations. Instead, management efforts should focus on increasing the botanical diversity of agricultural grasslands, facilitating conditions that prevent hardening soils, and reducing the populations of generalist predators.</li> </ol>
Pivotal role of O-antigenic polysaccharide display in the sensitivity against phage tail-like particles in environmental Pseudomonas kin competition
<p>Environmental pseudomonads<i> </i>colonize various niches including insect and plant environments. When invading these environments, bacteria are confronted with the resident microbiota. To cope with closely related strains they deploy narrow-spectrum weaponry such as tailocins, <i>i.e</i> phage tail-like particles. Little is known about the receptors for these tailocins especially among phylogenetically closely related species. Here, we studied the interaction between an R-tailocin from <i>Pseudomonas protegens </i>CHA0 and a targeted kin, <i>Pseudomonas protegens </i>Pf-5. Using genome-wide transposon insertion sequencing, we identified that lipopolysaccharides are involved in the sensitivity of Pf-5 towards the tailocin of CHA0. By generating Pf-5 lipopolysaccharide mutants and exposing them to extracted tailocin, we specified the two O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) targeted by the tailocin. We affirmed the role of these O-PS through competition assays<i> in vitro </i>as well as in insects. Further, we demonstrate that O-PS are double-edge swords that are responsible for the sensitivity of <i>P. protegens</i> towards phage tail-like particles produced by their kin, but shield bacteria from the immune system of the insect. Our results shed light on the trade-off that bacteria are confronted with, where specific O-PS decorations can both be of benefit or disadvantage depending on the host environment and its bacterial inhabitants.</p>
Pin-tailed whydah (Vidua macroura) calls for passive acoustic monitoring
<p>Data accompanying the paper: "Passive Acoustic Monitoring and Transfer Learning"</p> <p><strong>Please cite this dataset as:</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>Dufourq, Emmanuel and Batist, Carly and Foquet, Ruben and Durbach, Ian. (2022). Passive Acoustic Monitoring and Transfer Learning. BioRxiv doi: </p> </blockquote> <p>This dataset contains approximately 6 hours of audio that contained calls of the pin-tailed whydah (Vidua macroura). The audio data was collected in the Intaka Island Nature Reserve in Cape Town, South Africa using 1 Audiomoth. The sampling rate was set to 48,000Hz and the recordings were obtained over four days in January 2021. A larger dataset exists.</p> <p>The annotations files are in (.svl) format which is compatible with SonicVisualiser (https://www.sonicvisualiser.org/). Each audio file has a corresponding .svl file. Each .svl has segments of audio that were manually annotated as either ''thyolo-alethe" (presence class) or "noise" (absence class) -- this dataset can be used to train a binary classification model.</p> <p>The audio files are provided in "Audio.zip" and the manually verified annotation in "Annotations.zip".</p>
Female extra-pair behavior is not associated with reduced paternal care in Thorn-tailed Rayadito
<p>Extra-pair behavior is present in 76% of socially monogamous bird species with biparental care. This behavior may produce costs to females related to a reduction in paternal care. We estimated the percentage of extra-pair offspring and quantified paternal care in 44 nests of Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) to assess whether males reduce their parental care when females obtain extra-pair fertilizations. We used data from a sub-Antarctic population of Rayadito located on Navarino Island (55°4′S, 67°40′W), southern Chile. We found no statistical support for a relationship between variation in paternal care and the percentage of extra-pair offspring. We discuss how the inability of breeding males to assess their genetic paternity and potential restrictions on behavioral flexibility may explain this result. Additionally, if paternal care is subjected to sexual selection, this could limit a facultative response to female extra-pair behavior by males. Finally, it is possible that a reduction in paternal care might not have evolved in this particular locality given the low frequency of extra-pair paternity in our study population.</p>
Fig. 2 in Data On The Reproductive Biology Of The Satanic Leaf-Tailed Gecko, Uroplatus Phantasticus (Squamata, Gekkonidae), At The Bion Terrarium Center As A Contribution To Ex Situ Offspring Programs
Fig. 2. Copulation process of U. phantasticus.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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