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511 results for “climate effects”
Data from: Climate effects on growth, body condition and survival depend on the genetic characteristics of the population
Climatic change is expected to affect individual life-histories and population dynamics, potentially increasing vulnerability to extinction. The importance of genetic diversity has been highlighted for adaptation and population persistence. However, whether responses of life-history traits to a given environmental condition depend on the genetic characteristics of a population remains elusive. Here we tested this hypothesis in the lizard Zootoca vivipara, by simultaneously manipulating habitat humidity, a major climatic predictor of Zootoca's distribution, and adult male colour morph frequency, a trait with genome-wide linkage. Interactive effects of humidity and morph frequency had immediate effects on growth and body condition of juveniles and yearlings, and on adult survival, and delayed effects on offspring size. In yearlings, higher humidity led to larger female body size, and lower humidity led to higher male compared to female survival. In juveniles and yearlings, some treatment effects were compensated over time. The results show that individual responses to environmental conditions depend on the population's colour morph frequency, age class and sex, and that these affect intra- and inter-age class competition. Moreover, humidity affected the competitive environment, rather than imposing trait-based selection on specific colour morphs. This indicates that species' responses to changing environments, e.g. to climate change, are highly complex, and difficult to accurately reconstruct and predict without information on the genetic characteristics and demographic structure of populations.
Data from: Invasion-mediated effects on marine trophic interactions in a changing climate: positive feedbacks favour kelp persistence
The interactive effects of ocean warming and invasive species are complex and remain a source of uncertainty for projecting future ecological change. Climate-mediated change to trophic interactions can have pervasive ecological consequences, but the role of invasion in mediating trophic effects is largely unstudied. Using manipulative experiments in replicated outdoor mesocosms, we reveal how near-future ocean warming and macrophyte invasion scenarios interactively impact gastropod grazing intensity and preference for consumption of foundation macroalgae (Ecklonia radiata and Sargassum vestitum). Elevated water temperature increased consumption of both macroalgae through greater grazing intensity. Given the documented decline of kelp (E. radiata) growth at higher water temperatures, enhanced grazing could contribute to the shift from kelp-dominated to Sargasssum-dominated reefs that is occurring at the low-latitude margins of kelp distribution. However, presence of a native invader (Caulerpa filiformis) was related to low consumption by the herbivores on dominant kelp at warmer temperatures. Thus, antagonistic effects between climate change and a range expanding species can favour kelp persistence in a warmer future. Introduction of species should, therefore, not automatically be considered unfavourable under climate change scenarios. Climatic changes are increasing the need for effective management actions to address the interactive effects of multiple stressors and their ecological consequences, rather than single threats in isolation.
Data from: Differential effects of climate warming on reproduction and functional responses on insects in the fourth trophic level
1. Understanding effects of Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) on species interactions is essential for predicting community responses to climate change. However, while effects of AGW on resource-consumer interactions at the first- and second trophic level have been well studied, little is known about effects on interactions at higher trophic levels at the terminal end of food chains (e.g. in the third and fourth trophic levels). 2. Here, we examined the effects of temperature variability by simulating heatwaves on functional responses of two species at the fourth trophic level (hyperparasitoids) that parasitize host species at the third trophic level (parasitoid cocoons). 3. We found that host cocoons developed faster under simulated heatwave conditions, decreasing the temporal window of susceptibility of the host cocoons to parasitism by the two hyperparasitoids, and consequently parasitism declined with temperature. However the effects of a simulated heatwave markedly differed among the two hyperparasitoid species; temperature and host quality had a much stronger effect on early reproduction in the less fecund hyperparasitoid Gelis agilis, than in the more fecund species Acrolyta nens. 4. Our results suggest that exposure to heatwaves, which are expected to increase in frequency, will affect the ability of species at higher trophic levels to exploit transient resources whose suitability is temperature-dependent. In turn, the observed effects of AGW on the functional responses of the hyperparasitoids may disrupt trophic interactions and have profound impact on population dynamics and ecological processes.
Data from: Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land-use changes in Alpine treelines
Climate change and extreme events, such as drought, threaten ecosystems world-wide and in particular mountain ecosystems, where species often live at their environmental tolerance limits. In the European Alps, plant communities are also influenced by land-use abandonment leading to woody encroachment of subalpine and alpine grasslands. In this study, we explored how the forest–grassland ecotone of Alpine tree lines will respond to gradual climate warming, drought events and land-use change in terms of forest expansion rates, taxonomic diversity and functional composition. We used a previously validated dynamic vegetation model, FATE-HD, parameterized for plant communities in the Ecrins National Park in the French Alps. Our results showed that intense drought counteracted the forest expansion at higher elevations driven by land-use abandonment and climate change, especially when combined with high drought frequency (occurring every 2 or less than 2 years). Furthermore, intense and frequent drought accelerated the rates of taxonomic change and resulted in overall higher taxonomic spatial heterogeneity of the ecotone than would be expected under gradual climate and land-use changes only. Synthesis and applications. The results from our model show that intense and frequent drought counteracts forest expansion driven by climate and land-use changes in the forest–grassland ecotone of Alpine tree lines. We argue that land-use planning must consider the effects of extreme events, such as drought, as well as climate and land-use changes, since extreme events might interfere with trends predicted under gradual climate warming and agricultural abandonment.
Data from: Temperature effects on life-history trade-offs, germline maintenance and mutation rate under simulated climate warming
Mutation has a fundamental influence over evolutionary processes, but how evolutionary processes shape mutation rate remain less clear. In asexual unicellular organism, increased mutation rates have been observed in stressful environments and the reigning paradigm ascribes this increase to selection for evolvability. However, this explanation does not apply in sexually reproducing species, where little is known about how the environment affects mutation rate. Here we challenged experimental lines of seed beetle, evolved at ancestral temperature or under simulated climate warming, to repair induced mutations at ancestral and stressful temperature. Results show that temperature stress causes individuals to pass on a greater mutation load to their grand-offspring. This suggests that stress-induced mutation rates, in unicellular and multicellular organisms alike, can result from compromised germline DNA repair in low condition individuals. Moreover, lines adapted to simulated climate warming had evolved increased longevity at the cost of reproduction, and this allocation decision improved germline repair. These results suggest that mutation rates can be modulated by resource allocation trade-offs encompassing life-history traits and the germline and have important implications for rates of adaptation and extinction as well as our understanding of genetic diversity in multicellular organisms.
Data from: Phenotypic biomarkers of climatic impacts on declining insect populations: a key role for decadal drought, thermal buffering and amplification effects and host plant dynamics
1. Widespread population declines have been reported for diverse Mediterranean butterflies over the last three decades, and have been significantly associated to increased global change impacts. The specific landscape and climatic drivers of these declines remain uncertain for most declining species. 2. Here we analyse whether plastic phenotypic traits of a model butterfly species (Pieris napi) perform as reliable biomarkers of vulnerability to extreme temperature impacts in natural populations, showing contrasting trends in thermally exposed and thermally buffered populations. 3. We also examine whether improved descriptions of thermal exposure of insect populations can be achieved by combining multiple information sources (i.e. integrating measurements of habitat thermal buffering, habitat thermal amplification, host plant transpiration, and experimental assessments of thermal death time (TDT), thermal avoidance behaviour (TAB) and thermally induced trait plasticity). These integrative analyses are conducted in two demographically declining and two non-declining populations of P. napi. 4. The results show that plastic phenotypic traits (butterfly body mass and wing size) are reliable biomarkers of population vulnerability to extreme thermal conditions. Butterfly wing size is strongly reduced only in thermally exposed populations during summer drought periods. Lab rearing of these populations documented reduced wing size due to significant negative effects of increased temperatures affecting larval growth. We conclude that these thermal biomarkers are indicative of the population vulnerability to increasing global warming impacts, showing contrasting trends in thermally exposed and buffered populations. 5. Thermal effects in host plant microsites significantly differ between populations, with stressful thermal conditions only effectively ameliorated in mid-elevation populations. In lowland populations we observe a six-fold reduction in vegetation thermal buffering effects, and larval growth occurs in these populations at significantly higher temperatures. Lowland populations show reduced host plant quality (C/N ratio), reduced leaf transpiration rates and complete aboveground plant senescence during the peak of summer drought. Amplified host plant temperatures are observed in open microsites, reaching thermal thresholds that can affect larval survival. 6. Overall, our results suggest that butterfly population vulnerability to long-term drought periods is associated to multiple co-occurring and interrelated ecological factors, including limited vegetation thermal buffering effects at lowland sites, significant drought impacts on host plant transpiration and amplified leaf surface temperature, as well as reduced leaf quality linked to the seasonal advance of plant phenology. Our results also identify multi-annual summer droughts affecting larval growing periods as a key driver of the recently reported butterfly population declines in the Mediterranean biome.
Data from: Effects of climate on reproductive investment in a masting species: assessment of climatic predictors and underlying mechanisms
1. Mechanisms by which climatic factors drive reproductive investment and phenology in masting species are not completely understood. Climatic conditions may act as a proximate cue, stimulating the onset of reproduction and indirectly increasing fitness through benefits associated with synchronous reproduction among individuals. Alternatively, climatic conditions may directly influence individual level allocation to reproduction and reproductive success through effects occurring independently of synchronous reproduction. We previously showed that masting in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) population was strongly influenced by spring mean temperature two years before seed cone maturation (Ti-2). However, recent work shows that the difference in temperature between previous growing seasons (ΔT) is more predictive of reproductive investment in long-lived tree species. 2. Here we compared four candidate models that predict seed cone production in P. ponderosa based upon different climatic factors (including Ti-2 and ΔT models). After determining the best climatic predictor, we tested for a potential mechanism by which climate might directly influence seed cone production independent of benefits via synchrony, namely effects of temperature on trade-offs between current and past reproduction (determined by underlying resource availability). 3. We found that Ti-2 (rather than ΔT) was the best predictor of seed cone production. We further show that this same climatic factor exerts a direct fitness benefit to individuals by reducing the strength of trade-offs between current and past reproductive efforts. 4. Synthesis: We demonstrate that a single climatic factor provides fitness benefits to individuals directly, by weakening reproductive trade-offs, and indirectly through the benefits associated with synchrony and masting. This suggests a mechanism for the origin and maintenance of masting: individuals initially respond to climatic cues that directly enhance reproduction (e.g. lower reproductive costs through weakened trade-offs) and this dynamic, expressed across multiple individuals, reinforces these benefits through the economies of scale associated with synchrony and masting.
Data from: Effects of postglacial phylogeny and genetic diversity on the growth variability and climate sensitivity of European silver fir
<p>The zip file contains almost 2000 tree ring width data in Tucson format (rwl) from 78 sites across the Carpathian Mountains in Europe. In addition, genetic data used in the study are also attached. The datasets were used in the paper on <strong>Effects of postglacial phylogeny and genetic diversity on the growth variability and climate sensitivity of European silver fir </strong>published in Journal of Ecology.</p>
Effects of biochar soil amendments on soil properties and plant recruitment in coastal climate change adaptation projects
<p>Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of organic waste from the agricultural and forestry industries. Because black carbon is chemically stable, its application to agricultural fields is being touted as a method to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions as it has been shown to improve the fertility of the soil and crop yields as well as increase carbon sequestration. This data publication archives data from a set of paired restoration projects that incorporated biochar soil amendments to test the ability of biochar to provide positive ecosystem or carbon sequestration benefits.</p>
Dataset of Tweets for the paper: "Hashtag activism on Twitter: The effects of who, what, when and how a tweet is sent for promoting citizens' engagement with climate change"
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 3 from: Gómez-Cruz A, Santos-Hernández NG, Cruz JA, Ariano-Sánchez D, Ruiz-Castillejos C, Espinoza-Medinilla EE, De Fuentes-Vicente JA (2021) Effect of climate change on the potential distribution of Heloderma alvarezi (Squamata, Helodermatidae). ZooKeys 1070: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.69186
Figure 3 Potential distribution of H. alvarezi under different climate change scenarios using different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) and the seven bioclimatic variables that best explain the potential distribution of H. alvarezi.
Figure 1 from: Gómez-Cruz A, Santos-Hernández NG, Cruz JA, Ariano-Sánchez D, Ruiz-Castillejos C, Espinoza-Medinilla EE, De Fuentes-Vicente JA (2021) Effect of climate change on the potential distribution of Heloderma alvarezi (Squamata, Helodermatidae). ZooKeys 1070: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.69186
Figure 1 Presence records of H. alvarezi (yellow dots). Darker zones on grayscale indicate a higher altitude.
Figure 2 from: Gómez-Cruz A, Santos-Hernández NG, Cruz JA, Ariano-Sánchez D, Ruiz-Castillejos C, Espinoza-Medinilla EE, De Fuentes-Vicente JA (2021) Effect of climate change on the potential distribution of Heloderma alvarezi (Squamata, Helodermatidae). ZooKeys 1070: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.69186
Figure 2 Current potential distribution model of H. alvarezi at present (a) and overlaid with human footprint (b).
Supplementary material 1 from: Gómez-Cruz A, Santos-Hernández NG, Cruz JA, Ariano-Sánchez D, Ruiz-Castillejos C, Espinoza-Medinilla EE, De Fuentes-Vicente JA (2021) Effect of climate change on the potential distribution of Heloderma alvarezi (Squamata, Helodermatidae). ZooKeys 1070: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.69186
Supplementary figures and table
Effects of future climate change on the forests of Madagascar
<p>Global climate change is continuing to occur at an alarming rate. In addition to increases in global weather extremes, melting of polar ice caps and subsequent sea level-rises, climate change is known to directly impact the life-cycles and ecologies of many animals and plants. Whilst climate change is projected to result in substantial geographic range and habitat contractions for many species in the future, the effects of climate change on many habitats of conservation-concern remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how future climate change is projected to impact the occurrence and distribution of four major forest types of Madagascar, a global biodiversity hotspot and conservation priority, over the next 60 years. We also compared how climate change effects vary among the four forest types under a "mitigation" climate forecast, and under a "business-as-usual" trajectory. As expected, our models suggest that future climate change will affect the distribution of the four forest types under both trajectories, and forest occurrence is likely to decrease if mean temperatures, temperature seasonality, and precipitation rates increase as predicted. The exception being that forest gain is predicted to occur in the north-west of Madagascar, resulting in a small increase in transitional forest area under the "business-as-usual" climate change trajectory. Our study highlights that unmitigated climate change will have a negative impact on Madagascar's forests during the period up to the year 2080, and climate change therefore needs to be mitigated. Madagascar remains a global conservation priority, and urgent conservation action and protective legislation is required to safeguard the future of its native forest.</p>
Data and climate variable selection from: Effects of density, species interactions and environmental stochasticity on the dynamics of British bird communities
<p>Our knowledge of the factors affecting species abundances is mainly based on time-series analyses of a few well-studied species at single or few localities, but we know little about whether results from such analyses can be extrapolated to the community level. We apply a Joint Species Distribution Model to long-term time-series data on British bird communities to examine the relative contribution of intra- and interspecific density dependence at different spatial scales, as well as the influence of environmental stochasticity, to spatio-temporal interspecific variation in abundance. Intraspecific density dependence has the major structuring effect on these bird communities. In addition, environmental fluctuations affect spatiotemporal differences in abundance. In contrast, species interactions had a minor impact on variation in abundance. Thus, important drivers of single-species dynamics are also strongly affecting dynamics of communities in time and space.</p>
Data for "Antarctic ice-sheet meltwater reduces transient warming and climate sensitivity through the sea-surface temperature pattern effect"
<p>Data of the Historical Hosing simulations presented in "Antarctic ice-sheet meltwater reduces transient warming and climate sensitivity through the sea-surface temperature pattern effect" submitted to Geophysical Research Letters</p> <p>Authors: Yue Dong, Andrew G. Pauling, Shaina Sadai, Kyle C. Armour </p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>Coupled global climate models (GCMs) generally fail to reproduce the observed sea-surface temperature (SST) trend pattern since the 1980s. The model-observation discrepancies may arise in part from the lack of realistic Antarctic ice-sheet meltwater imbalance in GCMs. Here we employ two sets of CESM1-CAM5 simulations forced by anomalous Antarctic meltwater fluxes over 1980--2013 and into the 21st century. Both show a reduced global warming rate and an SST trend pattern that better resembles observations. The meltwater drives surface cooling in the Southern Ocean and the tropical southeast Pacific, in turn increasing low-cloud cover and driving radiative feedbacks to become more stabilizing (corresponding to a lower effective climate sensitivity). These feedback changes contribute more than ocean heat uptake efficiency changes in reducing the global warming rate. Accurately projecting historical and future warming thus requires improved representation of Antarctic meltwater and its impacts in models. </p>
Figure 7 in Effects of climatic parameters on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations based on remote sensing in the southeastern Caspian Sea
Figure 7. The relationship between daily Land Surface Temperature and spider mite population (mean score of each window) from June 9, 2020 to September 17, 2020. (First window, May 30 to June 9 was not spider mite distribution data), … and -- are Day and night LST, respectively.
An Investigation of Climate Change Effects on Design Wind Speeds along the US East and Gulf Coasts
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for "Cost-effectiveness of natural forest regeneration and plantations for climate mitigation"
<p>All data associated with Busch et al. (2024) “Cost-effectiveness of natural forest regeneration and plantations for climate mitigation,” <em>Nature Climate Change</em>, doi: 10.1038/s41558-024-02068-1 are publicly available here. To facilitate reproducibility of our results and use of our datasets, we provide all intermediate datasets in addition to the final results. We provide brief dsecriptions of the published datasets in the 00_README.docx file, including contact information for individuals associated with each dataset. We encourage the use of our data and are happy to answer questions as needed.</p> <p>When using these data, please cite:</p> <p>Busch, J., Bukoski, J.J., Cook-Patton, S.C. Griscom, B., Kaczan, D., Potts, M.D., Yi, Y., and Vincent, J.R. Cost-effectiveness of natural forest regeneration and plantations for climate mitigation. <em>Nat. Clim. Chang.</em> <strong>14</strong>, 996–1002 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02068-1</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.