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812 results for “columns”
4km Event Column and Surface CAMx modeling
<p><strong>Description of dataset </strong></p><p>Eagle Ford Shale CH4 and CO2 emissions (10.5281/zenodo.10278516)</p><ol><li>Filename: Eagle Ford Shale CH4 and CO2 emissions 11Sep2023.xslx</li><li>Description: CH4 and CO2 emissions at well-level, gathering-level and plant-level</li><li>Processing step: both CH4 and CO2 emissions are processed into a gridded format using SMOKE, with no temporal variations.</li></ol><p>CAMx gridded outputs</p><ol><li>Domain definition (GRIDDESC)</li></ol><p>'LAM_40N97W'</p><p> 2 33.000 45.000 -97.000 -97.000 40.000</p><p>'txs_4km'</p><p>'LAM_40N97W' -324000.000 -1584000.000 4000.000 4000.000 189 234 1</p><p>'txs_133km'</p><p>'LAM_40N97W' -324000.000 -1476000.000 1333.333 1333.333 378 459 1</p><ol><li>CAMx configurations:</li><li>Version 7.10</li><li>Simulation time period: 2019 April 1st – October 31st (with a 15-day spin-up)</li><li>Chemistry turned off</li><li>Zero initial and boundary concentration of CH4/CO2</li><li>Output:</li></ol><p>Gridded surface concentration and column concentration are provided in the following folder structure: </p><ul><li>domain/scenario/surface for surface concentration</li><li>domain/scenario/column for column concentration.</li></ul><p>Two domains are available: txs_4km and txs_133km. There are ten sets of scenarios for each domain:</p><ul><li>base: routine CO2/CH4 emissions (<i>10.5281/zenodo.10278516</i>)</li><li>Event Scenarios 1.33km: <i>10.5281/zenodo.10261056</i>; <strong>4km: </strong><i><strong>10.5281/zenodo.10255627</strong></i></li><li>low_100kg/1000kg: 100/1000 kg/hr emission event added with low routine emissions</li><li>med_100kg/1000kg: 100/1000 kg/hr emission event added with medium routine emissions</li><li>high_100kg/1000kg: 100/1000 kg/hr emission event added with high routine emissions</li><li>nearby_low/med/high: 100/1000kg/hr emission events added at nearby locations</li></ul><p>For example, files under 'txs_4km/base/surface' represent hourly gridded surface CH4/CO2 concentration (ppmv) with a spatial resolution of 4km x 4km. Similarly, files under 'txs_13km/nearby_high/column' represent hourly gridded CH4 column concentration (mol/m2) with a spatial resolution of 4km x 4km under scenario 'nearby_high'.</p>
Greek Column
A column in the shapely form of a picturesque Greek woman, also known as a caryatid. From the Erechtheion, the Acropolis of Athens. The sculpture [1816,0610.128](https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=459389&partId=1)) can be found in Gallery 19 at the British Museum. 3D model photographed and processed by students as part of the [3D Training Session](http://jwexlerbm.github.io/festivalofarchaeology/), Festival of Archaeology organised by the [Council for British Archaeology](http://new.archaeologyuk.org/). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Low Poly Roman Doric Column
A low poly Roman Doric Column Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Roman column (Herdade do Freixo), Montemor
A roman column fragment discovered at the Herdade do Freixo, in Montemor-o-Novo's region in Portugal. This piece is part of the collection of São Domingos in Montemor-o-Novo. Photos from Canon 5D Mk IV (35mm lens). Completely processed (aligned, scaled, modeled, cleaned, simplified, unwrapped, textured, meshed) in Reality Capture. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Roman Column
This is my Roman Column Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Column head
Model by Daniel Pett, made from 150 images taken with a Sony A6000, processed in Photoscan. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
OSU entry1 column only - Lidar scan2
Scanned with [Scaniverse](https://scaniverse.com) on iPhone 12 Pro Max. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 6 in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 6. Summary of additional phylogenetic results. Additional Bayesian phylogenetic analyses under different homologous interpretations. A, the character 'cushion rows' is rescored as absent in dinomischiids and Siphusauctum; Xianguangia is recovered as a stem-group ctenophore. B, the character 'large cilia' is coded as only present in dinomischiids and Siphusauctum; Xianguangia is recovered as a stem-group ctenophore. C, the characters 'cushion rows' and 'large cilia' are rescored together; Xianguangia, Daihua and Dinomischus form a monophyletic grade, which is placed in a polytomy with cnidarians and a clade consisting of Siphusauctum and ctenophores. Numbers at the nodes are posterior probabilities. The fossil taxa are indicated with the dagger symbol. Also see Supplemental Material Figures S1B, S2 for the full results.
Figure 5. Body plan reconstruction. A in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 5. Body plan reconstruction. A, schematic drawing of the tentacle-sheath complex of Xianguangia. From left to right are shown the inside view, cross section and outside view. The tentacle consists of a proximal tentacle rod enveloped by a single outer sheath and a distal flexible portion. Ciliated pinnules emerge from tentacles laterally. B, lateral view of the whole-body shape with closed tentacle-sheath complexes.
Figure 8 in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 8. Estimation of suspension-feeding particle size. The distance between adjacent cilia is c. 21 Mm in Xianguangia and Daihua (black dotted line and box) and 36 Mm in Siphusauctum (purple dotted line and circle), which corresponds to the range of the size of micro-plankton, indicating that Xianguangia, Daihua and Siphusauctum might feed on micro-planktonic organisms, such as microphytoplankton. The diagram on the left depicts the relationship between mesh size and food particle size, modified after Vinther et al. (2014, fig. 4 therein). The distribution of the particle size on the right is adopted from Stramski et al. (2004, fig. 1 therein). The hollow box and circle on the solid line terminated with arrows indicate the actual minimum size measured from Xianguangia, Daihua and Siphusauctum fossil specimens, respectively. The solid box and circle are the estimated minimum and maximum particle size mapping from the left diagram.
Figure 7 in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 7. Summary of additional phylogenetic results based on an alternative view. Bayesian analyses on a dataset from Ou et al. (2022) (with 126 characters and 42 taxa) under mkv + gamma model. A, an original result showing that Xianguangia is recovered as a stem-group cnidarian. B, Siphusauctum and the associated character 'oral surface extension' are added into the original matrix, and character 47, 'separate body cavities in polyps', is deleted. Xianguangia is resolved as a sister group to Daihua, which is placed in a polytomy with cnidarians and a clade containing Dinomischus, Siphusauctum and ctenophores. Numbers at the nodes are posterior probabilities. The fossil taxa are indicated with the dagger symbol. Also see Supplemental Material Figure S3 for the full results.
Figure 2. Xianguangia sinica with tentacle-sheath complexes splayed out. A, YKLP 13496a in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 2. Xianguangia sinica with tentacle-sheath complexes splayed out. A, YKLP 13496a, part, showing a displaced calyx and tentacle-sheath complexes. B, YKLP 13496b, counterpart, preserved with discrete tentacle-sheath complexes. C, a merged image of part and counterpart, showing a complete morphology of the body. D, YKLP 13477a, part, a specimen in oral-aboral view showing a total of 18 tentacle-sheath complexes. E, close-up of the tentacle-sheath complexes T10–T11, showing the smooth outer sheaths and relief tentacle rods with rows of paired dark stains. F, a fluorescent image showing the details of dark stains along the tentacles. G, interpretative drawing of F. Abbreviations: Cal, calyx; Ds, dark stain; Fu, furrow; T1–T18, tentacle-sheath complex 1 to 18. Scale bars: A–D = 5 mm; E–G = 2 mm.
Figure 1. Xianguangia sinica with tentacle-sheath complexes closed. A, B in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 1. Xianguangia sinica with tentacle-sheath complexes closed. A, B, laterally preserved specimen: A, YKLP 13478a, part; B, YKLP 13478b, counterpart. C, a close-up image showing the outer sheaths, tentacle rods and pinnules. D, interpretative drawing of C. E, YKLP 13829a, the preservation of the whole body suggests light sclerotization. F, a fluorescent image of the distal tentacle region, showing pinnules fringed on the distal tentacles. Abbreviations: Cal, calyx; Cc, circumferential constriction; Ds, dark stain; Dt, distal tentacle; Os, outer sheath; Pin, pinnule; Ter, tentacle rod; T1–T8, tentacle-sheath complex 1 to 8. Scale bars: A, B, E = 5 mm; C, F = 1 mm.
Figure 3. Xianguangia sinica with dark patches. A–C, YNGIP 90001, A, a in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 3. Xianguangia sinica with dark patches. A–C, YNGIP 90001, A, a complete specimen in lateral view showing a pair of dark patches preserved in the lower central region of the 'column'; B, a close-up image of the dark patch region; C, a fluorescent image showing the patches likely originated from the oral surface. D, YNGIP 90002a, a close-up image showing three dark patches. E, YNGIP 90003, a close-up of the dark patch region, showing two lateral patches inclined towards the middle one. Abbreviations: Ca, cavity; Cal, calyx; Dp, dark patch; Ds, dark stain; Mo, mouth; Pin, pinnule. Scale bars: A, D, E = 2 mm; B, C = 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 4. Bayesian phylogenetic result. Phylogenetic position of Xianguangia recovered from Bayesian inference using mkv + gamma model on a dataset (containing 278 characters and 86 taxa) modified from Zhao et al. (2019). Xianguangia is resolved as the sister group to Daihua, which along with Dinomischus forms a monophyletic grade on the ctenophore stem. Numbers at the nodes are posterior probabilities, and the scale bar shows the expected number of substitutions per site. The fossil taxa are indicated with the dagger symbol. Also see Supplemental Material Figure S1A for the full result.
Supplemental material for "The Role of Momentum Transfer in Tropical Cyclogenesis: Insights from a Single-Column Model"
<p>This dataset includes:</p> <ul> <li>The single-column model for studying the mechanical development of a TC precursor vortex (MATLAB)</li> <li>The supplemental document that introduces the numerical discretization of the numerical model and the derivation of the low-order equation.</li> </ul> <p>For any questions, please contact Dr. Hao Fu (haofu@uchicago.edu or haofu736@gmail.com).</p>
Data for "Association of lightning occurrence with precipitation cloud column structure at a fixed position"
<p>Here are the data for the paper titled "Association of lightning occurrence with precipitation cloud column structure at a fixed position" and submitted to Atmospheric Research. The abstract is as follow.</p> <p> </p> <p>In this study, a C-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave (C-FMCW) radar, with its feature of vertical detection, was combined with lightning discharge recordings within a 3 km range to investigate the dependence of lightning occurrence on the structure of precipitation cloud columns (PCCs) from the perspective of a fixed position. The results show that, relative to PCCs without lightning, PCCs with lightning exhibit greater maximum reflectivity, maximum upward radial velocity, maximum velocity spectrum width, cloud top height, and vertically integrated liquid in terms of their average values, and wider-range distributions of these parameters. Using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm, a lightning diagnosis program that integrates multiple C-FMCW radar parameters was developed. Its hit rate of lightning occurrence is 93.5% and it has a threat score of 0.421. The maximum velocity spectrum width above the melting layer was found to be the most effective in distinguishing PCCs with or without lightning. It was suggested that the hydrometeor properties at a specific location, specifically the size diversity and content of ice-phase particles, should be the key elements determining the occurrence of lightning discharge in PCCs; meanwhile, the convection characteristics in the PCCs may be not the most critical.</p>
FIGURE 2. Govenia utriculata. A. Labellum and column from front after tipping the labellum downwards. B. Perianth dissection, segments flattened. C. Column, side view. D. Column, front view. E. Pollinarium removed from a flower bud just before anthesis, front view. F in Natural history of the often-misunderstood Govenia utriculata (Orchidaceae): discovery of a Mexican population upsets West Indies endemism
FIGURE 2. Govenia utriculata. A. Labellum and column from front after tipping the labellum downwards. B. Perianth dissection, segments flattened. C. Column, side view. D. Column, front view. E. Pollinarium removed from a flower bud just before anthesis, front view. F. Part of a pollinarium of a self-pollinating flower at anthesis; the large pollinium on the right-hand side is swollen because of germination of the pollen tubes. G. Pollinarium of a post-anthetic, self-pollinating flower showing the dried viscidium and the pollinia fussed to the rostellar tissue caused by pollen germination. H. Near-mature capsules. All from Salazar & Octaviano-Landa 10282. Photographs by Gerardo A. Salazar (A−G) and Víctor I. Octaviano-Landa (H).
FIGURE 2. Bulbophyllum versicolor. A. Column with ovary. B. Lip. C. Dorsal sepal. D. Petal. E. Anther cap and pollinarium. F. Lateral sepal. G in Bulbophyllum versicolor (Orchidaceae, Malaxideae), a new species from Yunnan, China: evidence from morphology and molecular analyses
FIGURE 2. Bulbophyllum versicolor. A. Column with ovary. B. Lip. C. Dorsal sepal. D. Petal. E. Anther cap and pollinarium. F. Lateral sepal. G. Plant.
FIGURE. Illustration of Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense W. Tongkham, S. Pumikong, N. Potapohn & W. Bundithya A. flower, B. dorsal sepal, C. synsepal, D. petal, E. labellum frontal view, F. labellum side view, G. labellum longitudinal section, H. pedicel, I. pedicel longitudinal section and transverse section, J. stigma and pollen, K. staminode, L. column side view, M. leaf, N. peduncle, bract and pedicel, and O. flowering plant. Drawn by W. Tongkham from S. Pumikong 021001 (holotype QBG! [no. 132572]). in Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense, a new slipper orchid from Northern Thailand identified by morphological and AFLP analyses
FIGURE. Illustration of Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense W. Tongkham, S. Pumikong, N. Potapohn & W. Bundithya A. flower, B. dorsal sepal, C. synsepal, D. petal, E. labellum frontal view, F. labellum side view, G. labellum longitudinal section, H. pedicel, I. pedicel longitudinal section and transverse section, J. stigma and pollen, K. staminode, L. column side view, M. leaf, N. peduncle, bract and pedicel, and O. flowering plant. Drawn by W. Tongkham from S. Pumikong 021001 (holotype QBG! [no. 132572]).
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