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FIGURES 43–44 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 43–44. Species level diagnostics, differences in the shape of the male carapace. 43, C. sauvagesi (Colo.015, Sardinia); 44, C. moggridgei, (Shu.19.06.14, Alpes Maritimes). Note the anterior distinctively narrowing carapace in C. sauvagesi versus the rounded carapace in C. moggridgei.

FIGURES 37–40 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 37–40. Top row: variable, sub-rectangular to trapezoidal, eye-formations in male and female of the genus Cteniza. 37, Ct. sauvagesi (male, Colo.018, Sardinia); 38, Ct. moggridgei (females, Isaia.020, Liguria). Bottom row: Patterns of sternal sigilla in male and female of the genus Cteniza. 39, Ct. moggridgei (male, Shu.19.06.14, Alpes Maritimes); 40, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Riz.006, Calabria). Note the large central sigilla (cs) and the small lateral sigilla (ls). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= top-row= 0.5 mm, bottom row 1.0 mm

FIGURES 41–42 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 41–42. Sexual dimorphic carapace structure in lateral view within Cteniza. 41, Ct. sauvagesi (female, AR4224, Corsica); 42, Ct. sauvagesi (male, Riz.008). Note high elevated cephalic part steeply sloping to the fovea and smooth, shining cuticle in female (41) and finely sculptured, dull cuticle with thick lateral/caudal rim and reduced elevation of the cephalic part in male. Scale bars= 2mm

FIGURES 21–24 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 21–24. Top left to right: 21, Ct. moggridgei (female, Isaia.020 Liguria); 22, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Colo.017, Sardinia) Note the irregular distribution of macro-spigots pointed by arrows. Bottom left tyo right: 23, Cy. cunicularium (female, 15/04/90.4, Crete); 24, Cy. grajum (female, Isiai.016a, Kefalonia). Note the compacte groups of macro-spigots in Cy. cunicularium and the more slender PLS with conical distal segment in C. grajum. Scale bars= 1.0 mm

FIGURES 9–14 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 9–14. Top row left to right: 9, Ct. sauvagesi (female, AR4211a, Corsica); 10, Cy. grajum (female, 04/07/95.2, Paxi); 11, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the width of the eye-group, narrow (n) in Cteniza, medium (m) in Cyrtocarenum and wide (w) in Stasimopus. Bottom row left to right: 12, Ct. sauvagesi (female, AR4224, Corsica); 13, Cy. grajum (female, 04/07/95.2, Paxi); 14, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the shape of the carapace in lateral view (thoracic part horizontal at the fovea in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum, sloping downward in Stasimopus). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= 2.0 mm

FIGURES 15–20 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 15–20. Top row left to right: 15, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Riz.006, Calabria); 16, Cy. cunicularium (female, 20/04/ 90.1, Crete); 17, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note open groups of "dagger-type" spines on the prolateral distal segments of leg I in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum (15–16) versus the compact groups of short "curvy-spines" in Stasimopus (17). Bottom row left to right: 18, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Bra.005, Corsica); 19, Cy. cunicularium (female, 20/04/90.1, Crete); 20, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn), note the cylindrical tibia III and proximally concave dorsal femur in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum (18–19) versus the distally inflated tibia III and convex dorsal femur in Stasimopus (20).). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= 1.0 mm

FIGURE 71 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURE 71. Bi-plot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) scores for the first two axes based on the values of the environmental predictors extracted for the localities of Cteniza moggridgei (blue dots) and C. sauvagesi (red dots). See Table 1 for an explanation of the explanatory variables.

FIGURES 3–8 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 3–8. Top row left to right: 3, Cteniza sauvagesi (female, AR4216, Corsica); 4, Cyrtocarenum sp. (female, 01/07/ 95.4, Corfu); 5, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the distal maxillae with narrow, straight anterior lobes in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum and wide, curved lobe in Stasimopus (arrows). Bottom row left to right: 6, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Isaia.137, Calabria); 7, Cy. grajum (female, 22/10/92.2, Peloponnesos); 8, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the distal labium (rounded in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum, conical in Stasimopus), and sternal sigilla (clear, rounded and separated in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum, vague, longitudinal and fussed in Stasimopus) (arrows). Scale bars= 1.0 mm

FIGURES 1–2 in Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)

FIGURES 1–2. Methods of measurement of sexual characters. 1, Bulb (C. sauvagesi, male, Isaia.133, Calabria) measures in standard ventral view. BuL: bulb length. EmL: embolus length. BuW bulb width. 2, Spermathecae (C. moggridgei, female, NHMB.002, Liguria) in ventral view. Int: internal distance receptacles. Ext: external distance receptacles. LRL and RRL: lengths of the left and right receptacle. Scale bars= 0.5 mm

FIGURE 7 in Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov., a widely distributed amphipod (Amphipoda: Photidae) in the Yucatan Shelf, with ecological comments and a key for the genus in tropical America

FIGURE 7. Abundance records of Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov. in the northern Yucatan shelf (a), and spatial distributional trends according to the depth (b) and longitudinal geographic zone (c).

FIGURE 5 in Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov., a widely distributed amphipod (Amphipoda: Photidae) in the Yucatan Shelf, with ecological comments and a key for the genus in tropical America

FIGURE 5. Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov., holotype male, 4.2 mm, ECOSUR0200; G2', paratype male, 3 mm, ECOSUR0203; G2'', paratype male, 3 mm, ECOSUR0202; northern Yucatan shelf, Yucatan, Mexico. Scale bars for G2'and G2'' represent 0.3 mm; scale bars for U1, U2, U3, and T represent 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov., a widely distributed amphipod (Amphipoda: Photidae) in the Yucatan Shelf, with ecological comments and a key for the genus in tropical America

FIGURE 6. Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov., paratype female, 4.9 mm, ECOSUR0201; northern Yucatan shelf, Yucatan, Mexico. Scale bars represent 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov., a widely distributed amphipod (Amphipoda: Photidae) in the Yucatan Shelf, with ecological comments and a key for the genus in tropical America

FIGURE 4. Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov., holotype male, 4.2 mm, omitted setae on G1 and G2; ECOSUR0200; northern Yucatan shelf, Yucatan, Mexico. Scale bars represent 0.3 mm.

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FIGURE 11 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study

FIGURE 11. Graphic hypothesis of the phyletic diversification and relationships of the O. chevrolati species group in the Mexican Transition Zone. Tip names are the species complexes. The figure elucidates our ideas of the taxonomical relationships and evolution of this species group based on the male and female genitalia, external morphology and geographic distribution: 1. The ancestral line of the O. chevrolati species group must have arrived in what is now Mexico between the Eocene and the Miocene, as part of the most ancient fauna of northern origin. The ancestor of O. vespertilio early separated from the ancestral trunk (plesiomorphic genitalia characters). 2. The ancestral species of the O. hippopotamus species line and of the O. hippopotamus species complex dispersed throughout the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt prior to its current conformation (Miocene to Pliocene). The geomorphological evolution of this mountain system drived the processes of speciation in this complex. Its descendants adapted to the burrows of Geomyidae in the mountains. 3. Separation of the O. hippopotamus and O. brevifrons species complexes. The first evolved with the TMVB, with some expansion southwards and northwards (O. coproides reaching New Mexico and Arizona). The brevifrons species complex is found in the southeastern United States of America and north-northeastern Mexico. Both complexes are found in the mountains and associated with the protected environments of rodent nests: Geomyidae in the case of the O. hippopotamus and Neotoma species complexes, plus three species in caves in the case of the O. brevifrons species complex.

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FIGURE 8 in The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study

FIGURE 8. Onthophagus mesoamericanus, male holotype dorsal view, currently a synonym of O. cyanellus.

FIGURE 20 in Systematic list, geographic distribution and ecological significance of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the West Bank (Central Palestine)

FIGURE 20. Localities where Rhyzobius (Lindorus) lophanthae was collected during the course of this study.

FIGURE 18 in Systematic list, geographic distribution and ecological significance of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the West Bank (Central Palestine)

FIGURE 18. Dorsal habitus images of the Coccinellidae of the West Bank (continued): A. Pharoscymnus fleischeri, B. Serangium parcesetosum, C. Rhyzobius (Lindorus) lophanthae, D. Rodolia cardinalis (Scale bar = 3mm).

FIGURE 16 in Systematic list, geographic distribution and ecological significance of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the West Bank (Central Palestine)

FIGURE 16. Localities where Scymnus (Pullus) syriacus was collected during the course of this study.

FIGURE 15 in Systematic list, geographic distribution and ecological significance of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the West Bank (Central Palestine)

FIGURE 15. Localities where Scymnus (Pullus) suturalis was collected during the course of this study.

FIGURE 12 in Systematic list, geographic distribution and ecological significance of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the West Bank (Central Palestine)

FIGURE 12. Localities where Nephus (Nephus) quadrimaculatus was collected during the course of this study.