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Device-independent null test of dimension of qubit at low operational cost
<p>The data and scripts for the test on IBM Quantum</p>
FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic position and independent generic status of Indocypraea (Asteraceae-Heliantheae-Ecliptinae): evidence from chloroplast DNA sequences
FIGURE 2. Phylogeny of the subtribe Ecliptinae (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) based on chloroplast DNA sequences by using maximum likelihood analysis. Bootstrap values (≥ 70%; maximum likelihood/maximum parsimony) are indicated above branches, and posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95) below branches.
FIGURE 1. Indocypraea montana. A. Habit. B in Phylogenetic position and independent generic status of Indocypraea (Asteraceae-Heliantheae-Ecliptinae): evidence from chloroplast DNA sequences
FIGURE 1. Indocypraea montana. A. Habit. B. Flowering capitulum (top view). C. Flowering capitulum (lateral view). D. Fruiting capitulum. E. Achene (lateral view). F. Achene (top view). A–C from Huaiji, Guangdong, China (L.Y. Wang & M. Tang 106, IBSC); D from Lingui, Guangxi, China (M. Tang & L.Y. Wang 380, IBSC); E, F from Changjiang, Hainan, China (Z.X. Li 3850, IBSC).
FIGURE 5 in Morphological and micromorphological data support the independent specific status of Chamaesium spatuliferum (Apioideae, Apiaceae) from China
FIGURE 5. Chamaesium novemjugum (A. B. C) and C. spatuliferum (D. E. F). A. D, Radical leaf; B. E, Habit; C. F, Ultimate segments.
FIGURE 4 in Morphological and micromorphological data support the independent specific status of Chamaesium spatuliferum (Apioideae, Apiaceae) from China
FIGURE 4. LM and SEM micromorphology of Chamaesium spatuliferum and C. novemjugum in upper and lower epidermis of leaves. A. C. E. G, C. novemjugum; B. D. F. H, C. spatuliferum. A. B. E. F, Surface of adaxial epidermal; C. D. G. H, Surface of abaxial epidermal.
FIGURE 3 in Morphological and micromorphological data support the independent specific status of Chamaesium spatuliferum (Apioideae, Apiaceae) from China
FIGURE 3. Morphological and micromorphological characters in seeds of Chamaesium spatuliferum and C. novemjugum. A. C. E, C. spatuliferum; B. D. F, C. novemjugum. A–B Seed; C–D Calyx teeth; E–F Surface ornamentation of pericarp.
FIGURE 3 in Reappraisal of Tashiroea as a genus independent of Bredia (Melastomataceae) based on molecular data
FIGURE 3. One of the four equally most parsimonious trees of Bredia and its related genera based on ITS sequences. Bootstrap percentages in the MP/ML analysis are shown above branches.
FIGURE 2 in Reappraisal of Tashiroea as a genus independent of Bredia (Melastomataceae) based on molecular data
FIGURE 2. Distribution map of 19 collection sites of seven Bredia species. For voucher specimen of collection sites refer Table 1.
FIGURE 1 in Reappraisal of Tashiroea as a genus independent of Bredia (Melastomataceae) based on molecular data
FIGURE 1. Plants of six Bredia species. (A) B. yaeyamensis, (B) B. okinawensis, (C) B. sinensis, (D) B. hirsuta, (E) B. oldhamii, and (F) B. rotundifolia.
FIGURE 4 in Reinstatement of the independent specific status of Thalictrum hamatum (Ranunculaceae), with T. macrorhynchum reduced to its synonymy
FIGURE 4. Specimens of Thalictrum uncatum. A. CHINA. Gansu: between Mör-ping and Wu-ping, G.N. Potanin s.n. (LE, lectotype). B. Same locality, G.N. Potanin s.n. (PE, syntype). C. CHINA. Xizang: Qamdo, B.Q. Xu et al. 177 (IBSC). D. CHINA. Sichuan: Xiangcheng, D.E. Boufford et al. 28389 (PE).
FIGURE 3 in Reinstatement of the independent specific status of Thalictrum hamatum (Ranunculaceae), with T. macrorhynchum reduced to its synonymy
FIGURE 3. Specimens of Thalictrum macrorhynchum (= T. hamatum). A. CHINA. Beijing: E. Bodinier 60 (P, lectotype). B. Same locality, E. Bodinier 60 (P, isolectotype). C. Same locality, E. Bodinier 60 (E, isolectotype). D. CHINA. Henan: Neixiang, D.E. Boufford et al. 26328 (E).
FIGURE 2. A in Reinstatement of the independent specific status of Thalictrum hamatum (Ranunculaceae), with T. macrorhynchum reduced to its synonymy
FIGURE 2. A specimen of Thalictrum uncatum, G.N. Potanin s.n. (PE), which was misidentified as T. hamatum by Maximowicz on the determination slip, and mistaken as a syntype of this name by Wang (1980), and wrongly designated as its lectotype by Ban et al. (2017).
FIGURE 1 in Reinstatement of the independent specific status of Thalictrum hamatum (Ranunculaceae), with T. macrorhynchum reduced to its synonymy
FIGURE 1. Lectotype (G.N. Potanin s.n., LE01014044) and syntype (G.N. Potanin s.n., LE01014043) of Thalictrum hamatum.
FIGURE 5 in Reinstatement of the independent specific status of Thalictrum hamatum (Ranunculaceae), with T. macrorhynchum reduced to its synonymy
FIGURE 5. Achenes in Thalictrum hamatum (A, B) and T. uncatum (C). A. CHINA. Sichuan: valley of the Honton River, G.N. Potanin s.n. (LE, syntype). B. CHINA. Shaanxi: Ningshan, X.Q. Guo 190 (IBSC). C. CHINA. Xizang: Qamdo, B.Q. Xu et al. 177 (IBSC).
Data from: Independent FLC mutations as causes of flowering time variation in Arabidopsis thaliana and Capsella rubella
Capsella rubella is an inbreeding annual forb closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana, a model species widely used for studying natural variation in adaptive traits such as flowering time. Although mutations in dozens of genes can affect flowering of A. thaliana in the laboratory, only a handful of such genes vary in natural populations. Chief among these are FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Common and rare FRI mutations along with rare FLC mutations explain a large fraction of flowering-time variation in A. thaliana. Here we document flowering time under different conditions in 20 C. rubella accessions from across the species' range. Similar to A. thaliana, vernalization, long photoperiods and elevated ambient temperature generally promote flowering. In this collection of C. rubella accessions, we did not find any obvious loss-of-function FRI alleles. Using mapping-by-sequencing with two strains that have contrasting flowering behaviors, we identified a splice-site mutation in FLC as the likely cause of early flowering in accession 1408. However, other similarly early C. rubella accessions did not share this mutation. We conclude that the genetic basis of flowering-time variation in C. rubella is complex, despite this very young species having undergone an extreme genetic bottleneck when it split from C. grandiflora a few tens of thousands of years ago.
Data from: Independent and interactive effects of plant genotype and environment on plant traits and insect herbivore performance: a meta-analysis with Salicaceae
1. Ecological research has increasingly highlighted the importance of intraspecific variation in shaping the structure and function of communities and ecosystems. Indeed, the effects of intraspecific variation can match or exceed those of interspecific variation. Previous reviews of intraspecific variation in plant traits across heterogeneous environments have focused primarily on mean phenotypic effects. We propose that a richer and fuller understanding of the ecological causes and consequences of intraspecific variation would be provided by partitioning trait variance into its subcomponents (genetic, environment, genotype by environment interaction). 2. We used a meta-analysis of 352 sets of genetic, environment, and genotype by environment (GxE) variation estimates from 72 studies of Salicaceae to compare these sources of variation across plant traits (growth, foliar nitrogen, defense compounds), insect herbivore performance metrics (e.g., survival, growth, fecundity), and environmental conditions (e.g., soil nutrients, water, defoliation). 3. Our findings revealed that variation in levels of defense compounds (both condensed tannins and salicinoids) and insect herbivore performance were primarily genetically determined, while variation in plant growth and foliar nitrogen were more environmentally determined. 4. Plasticity in plant growth, foliar nitrogen levels, and insect herbivore performance varied substantially across different sites (year x location), and nutrient, water, and carbon dioxide environments. Plasticity was lowest for chemical defense traits and all traits in contrasting ozone and defoliation environments. 5. Our quantitative review also revealed several gaps in the literature, including a need for surveying more mature plants (>2 years-old), a wider variety of insect herbivore species (e.g., leaf-modifiers, specialist insects), and underrepresented environmental treatments (e.g., competition, defoliation, disease, light, water). This work will help to assess how the patterns within this meta-analysis may or may not be confined within particular parameters (e.g., plant maturity). 6. Findings from this analysis further highlight the importance of and patterns within intraspecific variation in shaping the evolvability and plasticity of traits and in governing plant-insect interactions.
Baby cry recognition is independent of motherhood but improved by experience and exposure
Neurobiological changes affecting new mothers are known to support the development of the mother-infant relationship (the "maternal brain"). However, which aspects of parenting are actually mother-specific and which rely on general cognitive abilities remains debated. For example, refuting earlier findings, a recent study demonstrated that fathers identify their own baby from their cries just as well as mothers. Here we show that this performance is not only independent of sex, but also of parenthood status. We found that mothers' ability to recognize their newborn from their cries increased rapidly within few days postpartum, with highly multiparous mothers performing better. However, both male and female nonparents could similarly recognize an assigned baby, even after a very short exposure. As in mothers, both the initial amount of experimental exposure to the baby's cries (learning opportunity) and prior experience of caring for infants (auditory expertise) affected participants' performance. We thus suggest that, rather than being female-specific or motherhood-dependent, the ability to recognise a baby from their cries derives from general auditory and learning skills. By being available to nonparents of both sexes it may contribute to the caregiving flexibility required for efficient cooperative breeding in humans.
Data from: Trait independence primes convergent trait loss
The repeated, independent evolution of traits (convergent evolution) is often attributed to shared environmental selection pressures. However, developmental dependencies among traits can limit the phenotypic variation available to selection and bias evolutionary outcomes. Here we determine how changes in developmentally correlated traits may impact convergent loss of the tympanic middle ear, a highly labile trait within toads that currently lack adaptive explanation. The middle ear's lability could reflect evolutionary trade-offs with other skull features under selection, or the middle ear may evolve independently of the rest of the skull, allowing it to be modified by active or passive processes without pleiotropic trade-offs with other skull features. We compare the skulls of 55 species (39 eared, 16 earless) within the family Bufonidae, spanning six hypothesized independent middle ear transitions. We test whether shared or lineage-specific changes in skull shape distinguish earless species from eared species and whether earless skulls lack other late-forming skull bones. We find no evidence for pleiotropic trade-offs between the middle ear and other skull structures. Instead, middle ear loss in anurans may provide a rare example of developmental independence contributing to evolutionary lability of a sensory system.
Figure 8 in Noble savages: human-independent Rattus rats in Japan
Figure 8. Habitat of brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) in mixed upland forest, Daisetsuzan National Park, Hokkaido.
Figure 9 in Noble savages: human-independent Rattus rats in Japan
Figure 9. Habitat of brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) along forested seashore with tidal wetlands, Aso Bay Park, Tsushima.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.