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Fig. 1 in The abundance of specialist and generalist lepidopteran larvae on a single host plant species: Does spatial scale matter?

Fig. 1. Locations of the 5 study areas, as follows: A) a map of Brazil, with the coverage area of the Cerrado Biome shaded; B) a map of Goiás State, showing the locations of Parque Estadual dos Pireneus (PEP) and Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros (PNCV); and C) a map of Distrito Federal (DF), showing the locations of Fazenda Água Limpa (FAL), Parque Nacional de Brasília (PNB), and Jardim Botânico de Brasília (JBB).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Nomuraea rileyi (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in Brazil

Fig. 1. Helicoverpa armigera larvae collected from cotton plantations in Bahia, Brazil. A: Larva on cotton bud; B, C: signs caused by Nomuraea rileyi on H. armigera larvae; D: light micrograph of the N. rileyi spores observed at 400-fold magnification.

Fig. 1 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Fig. 1. Numbers of naïve Scleroderma guani females responding to various odor sources presented in pairs in a Y-tube olfactometer. W = wood diet, WF = mixture of wood diet and Monochamus alternatus frass, S = sawdust from M. alternatus galleries, L = 10 M. alternatus 3rd instars, and A = clean air. *: P ≤ 0.05, **: P ≤ 0.01. Numbers indicate numbers of wasps responding.

Fig. 4 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Fig. 4. Numbers of Scleroderma guani females responding to the odor of Monochamus alternatus 3rd instars (L) versus clean air (A) in a Y-tube olfactometer. Females were either naïve (N), previously exposed to gallery sawdust (S), or with previous exposure to the odor of M. alternatus larvae (L). *: P ≤ 0.05, **: P ≤ 0.01.

Fig. 3 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Fig. 3. Numbers of naïve Scleroderma guani females responding to the odor of 10 Monochamus alternatus 1st, 3rd, or 5th instars (L) versus clean air (A) in a Y-tube olfactometer. *: P ≤ 0.05, **: P ≤ 0.01.

Fig. 2 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Fig. 2. Relative proportions of organic compounds identified in headspace volatiles from Monochamus alternatus larvae and a mixture of wood diet, sawdust, and frass.

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Fig. 1 in Mortality and food consumption in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae treated with spinosad alone or in mixtures with a nucleopolyhedrovirus

Fig. 1. Percentage (mean ± SE) of leaf area consumed per surviving Spodoptera frugiperda 3rd instar feeding either on untreated maize-leaf pieces or on maizeleaf pieces treated with spinosad (mg/L). Mortality was recorded at 72 h afer treatment. Different letters above the error bars indicate statistically significant differences based on the Kruskall-Wallis test (P <0.05).

Fig. 3 in Effects of a pathogenic Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain on detoxifying and protective enzyme activities in Xylotrechus rusticus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae

Fig. 3. Effects of infection by Beauveria bassiana strain BbCC01 on protective enzyme activity in Xylotrechus rusticus larvae over time. A. Catalase (CAT). B. Peroxidase (POD). C. Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters indicate significant differences between means (P <0.05).

Fig. 4 in Effects of a pathogenic Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain on detoxifying and protective enzyme activities in Xylotrechus rusticus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae

Fig. 4. Change of the protein content in Xylotrechus rusticus larvae infected with Beauveria bassiana strain BbCC01. Data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters indicate significant differences between means (P <0.05).

Fig. 2 in Effects of a pathogenic Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain on detoxifying and protective enzyme activities in Xylotrechus rusticus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae

Fig. 2. Effects of infection by Beauveria bassiana strain BbCC01 on detoxifying enzyme activity in Xylotrechus rusticus larvae over time. A. Carboxylesterase (CarE). B. Glutathione S-transferase (GST). C. Acetylesterase (AchE). Data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters indicate significant differences between means (P <0.05).

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Fig. 1 in The nutritional ecology of Dectes texanus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Does host choice affect the macronutrient levels in overwintering larvae?

Fig. 1. The mean (± SE) A) head capsule width, B) wet mass, C) levels of protein per unit mass, D) levels of carbohydrates per unit mass, and E) levels of lipids per unit mass in larvae from sunflower (Sun) and soybean (Soy) plant hosts. An asterisk indicates that the levels are significantly different.

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Fig. 2 in Parasitism and emergence of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae, pupae and adults

Fig. 2. Larvae, pupae and adults of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in pupae of Diatraea saccharalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (A, B, C); D. saccharalis adult parasitized by T. howardi (D).

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Карта-схема района исследований. 1А, 1Б, 1В – станции раЗреЗа 1; 2А, 2Б, 2В – станции раЗреЗа 2; 3А, 3Б, 3В – станции раЗреЗа 3. A schematic map of the research area. 1A, 1Б, 1В – stations of line 1; 2A, 2Б, 2В – stations of line 2; 3A, 3Б, 3В – stations of line 3. in Pelagic larvae of bivalve mollusks in meroplankton in the coastal waters of Aniva Bay (southern Sakhalin, Sea of Okhotsk)

Карта-схема района исследований. 1А, 1Б, 1В – станции раЗреЗа 1; 2А, 2Б, 2В – станции раЗреЗа 2; 3А, 3Б, 3В – станции раЗреЗа 3. A schematic map of the research area. 1A, 1Б, 1В – stations of line 1; 2A, 2Б, 2В – stations of line 2; 3A, 3Б, 3В – stations of line 3.

Figs. 20, 21 in Biology of the Bee Canephorula apiformis and Its Cleptoparasite Melectoides bellus: Nesting Habits, Floral Preferences, and Mature Larvae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Figs. 20, 21. Daily activity of individuals of Canephorula apiformis and Melectoides bellus at food plants during 1993–1994 and 1996–1997, in the Valley of ZondaUllum, San Juan Province, Argentina. 20. Canephorula apiformis. 21. Melectoides bellus.

Fig. 5 in Biology of the Bee Canephorula apiformis and Its Cleptoparasite Melectoides bellus: Nesting Habits, Floral Preferences, and Mature Larvae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Fig. 5. Cell of Canephorula apiformis and provisions, with enlarged section of cell wall. Scale = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 1 in Biology of the Bee Canephorula apiformis and Its Cleptoparasite Melectoides bellus: Nesting Habits, Floral Preferences, and Mature Larvae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Fig. 1. Position (arrows) of Valley of ZondaUllum and Valley of Iglesia, San Juan Province, Argentina.

Fig. 12 in Biology of the Bee Canephorula apiformis and Its Cleptoparasite Melectoides bellus: Nesting Habits, Floral Preferences, and Mature Larvae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Fig. 12. (Above) SEM micrograph of part of the domelike closure end of cocoon of Melectoides bellus, showing coarse silk fibers on external surface. Periphery of closure end toward bottom of micrograph.

Fig. 10 in Biology of the Bee Canephorula apiformis and Its Cleptoparasite Melectoides bellus: Nesting Habits, Floral Preferences, and Mature Larvae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Fig. 10. (Above) SEM micrograph of filter of the cocoon of Canephorula apiformis, as seen from inside the cocoon. Upper part of filter cut away.

Figs. 6–9 in Biology of the Bee Canephorula apiformis and Its Cleptoparasite Melectoides bellus: Nesting Habits, Floral Preferences, and Mature Larvae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Figs. 6–9. Diagrams of cocoon of Canephorula apiformis. 6. Entire cocoon showing external shape, side view, with upper right side cut away to show internal structure. 7. Cross section of the upper end enlarged, showing inner structure, and greatly enlarged section of cocoon wall demonstrating layers of silk and feces. 8. Upper end with outer silk layer removed to show radiating ridges of leathery layer. 9. Diagram of cocoon of Melectoides bellus, side view, showing external shape, upper right side cut away. Scale (= 5.0 mm) refers to figs. 6, 8, and 9.

Fig. 17 in Biology of the Bee Canephorula apiformis and Its Cleptoparasite Melectoides bellus: Nesting Habits, Floral Preferences, and Mature Larvae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Fig. 17. Frequency of individuals of Canephorula apiformis and Melectoides bellus on flowers during the months of activity in the Valley of ZondaUllum, San Juan Province, Argentina.