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518 results for “life history traits”
Data from: Reconstructing the phylogenetic history of long-term effective population size and life-history traits using patterns of amino acid replacement in mitochondrial genomes of mammals and birds
The nearly neutral theory, which proposes that most mutations are deleterious or close to neutral, predicts that the ratio of nonsynonymous over synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS), and potentially also the ratio of radical over conservative amino acid replacement rates (Kr/Kc), are negatively correlated with effective population size. Previous empirical tests, using life-history traits (LHT) such as body-size or generation-time as proxies for population size, have been consistent with these predictions. This suggests that large-scale phylogenetic reconstructions of dN/dS or Kr/Kc might reveal interesting macroevolutionary patterns in the variation in effective population size among lineages. In this work, we further develop an integrative probabilistic framework for phylogenetic covariance analysis introduced previously, so as to estimate the correlation patterns between dN/dS, Kr/Kc, and three LHT, in mitochondrial genomes of birds and mammals. Kr/Kc displays stronger and more stable correlations with LHT than does dN/dS, which we interpret as a greater robustness of Kr/Kc, compared with dN/dS, the latter being confounded by the high saturation of the synonymous substitution rate in mitochondrial genomes. The correlation of Kr/Kc with LHT was robust when controlling for the potentially confounding effects of nucleotide compositional variation between taxa. The positive correlation of the mitochondrial Kr/Kc with LHT is compatible with previous reports, and with a nearly neutral interpretation, although alternative explanations are also possible. The Kr/Kc model was finally used for reconstructing life-history evolution in birds and mammals. This analysis suggests a fairly large-bodied ancestor in both groups. In birds, life-history evolution seems to have occurred mainly through size reduction in Neoavian birds, whereas in placental mammals, body mass evolution shows disparate trends across subclades. Altogether, our work represents a further step toward a more comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolution of life-history and of the population-genetics environment.
Data from: Thermal plasticity in postembryonic life history traits of a widely distributed Collembola: Effects of macroclimate and microhabitat on genotypic differences
Life history traits in many ectotherms show complex patterns of variation among conspecific populations sampled along wide latitudinal or climatic gradients. However, few studies have assessed whether these patterns can be explained better by thermal reaction norms of multiple life history traits, covering major aspects of the life cycle. In this study, we compared five populations of a Holarctic, numerically dominant soil microarthropod species, Folsomia quadrioculata, sampled from a wide latitudinal gradient (56–81°N), for growth, development, fecundity, and survival across four temperatures (10, 15, 20, and 25°C) in common garden experiments. We evaluated the extent to which macroclimate could explain differences in thermal adaptation and life history strategies among populations. The common garden experiments revealed large genotypic differences among populations in all the traits, which were little explained by latitude and macroclimate. In addition, the life history strategies (traits combined) hardly revealed any systematic difference related to latitude and macroclimate. The overall performance of the northernmost population from the most stochastic microclimate and the southernmost population, which remains active throughout the year, was least sensitive to the temperature treatments. In contrast, performance of the population from the most predictable microclimate peaked within a narrow temperature range (around 15°C). Our findings revealed limited support for macroclimate-based predictions, and indicated that local soil habitat conditions related to predictability and seasonality might have considerable influence on the evolution of life history strategies of F. quadrioculata. This study highlights the need to combine knowledge on microhabitat characteristics, and demography, with findings from common garden experiments, for identifying the key drivers of life history evolution across large spatial scales, and wide climate gradients. We believe that similar approaches may substantially improve the understanding of adaptation in many terrestrial ectotherms with low dispersal ability.
Data from: Larval density, sex and allocation hierarchy affect life-history trait covariances in a bean beetle
<p class="CxSpFirst">Life-history theory aims to understand how different environments result in differential investment in fitness-related traits. While trade-offs between traits are expected, many studies show positive or no correlation between pairs of costly traits. One hypothesis that may explain the inconsistency of trade-offs in the literature is that trait investment may occur in a dichotomous hierarchy (the <i>tree model</i>), that allows for differential trait investment weighted by the traits' respective positions within the hierarchy. Previous mathematical models predict different covariances between traits depending on their position on the allocation tree. While hierarchical differential investment is often used to discuss findings in life-history theory, the role of an allocation hierarchy on trait covariances has not been directly tested. In turn, this study aims to identify trait covariances between behavioral and morphological phenotypes on different branches of an allocation tree in the bean beetle, <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i>. While trade-offs between copulatory behaviors and morphology were found for both males and females, only traits at the base and far from each other in the hierarchy negatively covaried. This study empirically shows that trade-offs may be the result of hierarchical investment.</p>
Rapid evolution of life history traits in response to warming, predation and competition: a meta-analysis
<p>Although studies quantifying evolutionary change in response to the selective pressures that organisms face in the wild have demonstrated that organisms <i>can</i> evolve rapidly, we lack a systematic assessment of the frequency, magnitude and direction of rapid evolutionary change across taxa. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of 58 studies that document the effects of warming, predation or competition on the evolution of body size, development rate or fecundity in natural or experimental animal populations. We tested whether there was a consistent effect of any selective agent on any trait, whether the direction of these effects align with theoretical predictions, and whether the three agents select in opposing directions on any trait. Overall, we found weak effects of all three selective agents on trait evolution: none of our nine trait by selective agent combinations had an overall effect that differed from zero, only 31% of studies had a significant within-study effect, and attributes of the included studies generally did not account for between-study variation in results. One notable exception was that predation targeting adults consistently resulted in the evolutoin of smaller prey body size. We discuss potential causes of these generally weak responses and consider how our results inform the ongoing development of eco-evolutionary research.</p>
Removal of gut symbiotic bacteria negatively affects life history traits of the shield bug, Graphosoma lineatum
<p><span>Bacterial Symbionts play an important biological role in their host. <i>G. lineatum</i> harbor bacterial symbiont in the enclosed crypts of the midgut. It seems that the bacterial symbiont play important role in the insect. Therefore, in this study, the role of bacterial symbiont in the shield bug, <i>Graphosoma lineatum</i> (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) was investigated. To do this symbiont elimination was performed using surface sterilization of the eggs. Then, we utilized <span>age-stage, two-sex life table analysis</span> to confirm the biological importance of bacterial symbiont in <i>G. lineatum</i>. According to our results symbiont removal had a significantly negative effect on the biology of the insect. These results clearly indicate this symbiont is essential for normal growth and reproduction.</span></p>
Figure 8 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 8. Body size of Mecicobothrium thorelli individuals of each category on the surveyed dates.
Figure 2 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 2. Study site, located in the Ventania system, south-west Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Figure 1. Mecicobothrium thorelli Holmberg, 1881 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 1. Mecicobothrium thorelli Holmberg, 1881, habitus. (a) Male. (b) Female.
Figure 3 in Antibiotics effects on the life history traits of Porcellionides pruinosus (Crustacea: Oniscidea)
Figure 3. Mean mass increase (mg) after (a) 1 month and (b) 3 p
Figure 2 in Antibiotics effects on the life history traits of Porcellionides pruinosus (Crustacea: Oniscidea)
Figure 2. Survival distribution function.
Figure 1 in Antibiotics effects on the life history traits of Porcellionides pruinosus (Crustacea: Oniscidea)
Figure 1. Survival (%) after (a) 1 month and (b) 3 months.
Supplementary material 1 from: Prigot-Maurice C, Depeux C, Paulhac H, Braquart-Varnier C, Beltran-Bech S (2022) Immune priming in Armadillidium vulgare against Salmonella enterica: direct or indirect costs on life history traits? In: De Smedt P, Taiti S, Sfenthourakis S, Campos-Filho IS (Eds) Facets of terrestrial isopod biology. ZooKeys 1101: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1101.77216
Tables S1–S4, Figures S1–S3
Figure 3 in Accounting for variability in life-history traits for the definition of amphidromous goby fry fisheries closure periods
Figure 3. – Representation of the six to nine month fisheries closure periods ensuring that at least 50% and 75% of abundance and life history trait diversity for Sicyopterus lagocephalus and Cotylopus acutipinnis covered by the discontinuous and continuous alternatives. The months were those selected in the best ranked alternative in the MULTIMOORA analysis.
Figure 2 in Accounting for variability in life-history traits for the definition of amphidromous goby fry fisheries closure periods
Figure 2. – Proportion of the yearly abundance and variability of life-history traits of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (in purple) and Cotylopus acutipinnis (in yellow) covered by the best ranked alternatives (with a duration from five to 10 months) of the MULTIMOORA analysis. The best alternatives of discontinuous fisheries closure periods are displayed in panel A, the best alternatives of continuous periods in panel B.
Figure 4 in Life history traits and exploitation of Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota - Cyprinidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)
Figure 4. – Length-weight relationship of Hampala macrolepidota from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR between November 2015 and January 2017 according to sex.
Figure 3 in Life history traits and exploitation of Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota - Cyprinidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)
Figure 3. – Monthly frequency evolution of the translucent and opaque zones at the otolith edge from the Hampala macrolepidota from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR. The number of otolith samples is indicated at the top above each month (N).
Figure 8 in Life history traits and exploitation of Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota - Cyprinidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)
Figure 8. – Percentage of catches during 2016 according to size class of Hampala macrolepidota from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR.
Figure 9 in Life history traits and exploitation of Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota - Cyprinidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)
Figure 9. – Percentage of catches during 2016 according to age group (year) of Hampala macrolepidota from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR.
Figure 7 in Life history traits of the exploited Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus - Cichlidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)
Figure 7. – Demographic structure of the exploited stock of Oreochromis niloticus by fishermen at the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR between March and December 2016.
Figure 5 in Life history traits of the exploited Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus - Cichlidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)
Figure 5. – Von Bertalanffy growth curve adjusted to the age-standard length of Oreochromis niloticus from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR between November 2015 and January 2017.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.