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1,641 results for “similarity”
Modelling coastal connectivity in the Mediterranean Sea: Similar effects of changes in hydrodynamics and reduction in planktonic duration
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Floral visitation to alien plants is non-linearly related to their phylogenetic and floral similarity to native plants
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Data for: Male-specific nocturnal song functions similar to day song in a diurnal bird species
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Data from: Homoploid F1 hybrids and segmental allotetraploids of japonica and indica rice subspecies show similar and enhanced tolerance to N deficiency than parental lines
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Taxonomic similarity does not predict necessary sample size for ex situ conservation: a comparison among five genera
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Genomic analysis reveals close genetic similarity between ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from humans and dogs, suggesting potential for inter-species transmission
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Optimizing the mnemonic similarity task for efficient, widespread use
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Past Causalities and Event Categories for Connecting Similar Past and Present Causalities
<p>This dataset includes past causalities and their categories to connect similar past and present causalities. We report how to use this dataset in the following papers.</p> <p><em>Ryohei Ikejiri, Yasunobu Sumikawa: "Developing world history lessons to foster authentic social participation by searching for historical causation in relation to current issues dominating the news". Journal of Educational Research on Social Studies 84, 37–48 (2016). (in Japanese).</em></p> <p><em>Yasunobu Sumikawa and Ryohei Ikejiri, "Mining Historical Social Issues", Intelligent Decision Technologies, Smart Innovation, IDT'15, Systems and Technologies, Vol. 39, Springer, pp. 587--597, 2015.</em></p> <p>This dataset is based on some textbooks that are popular ones in Japanese high-school. We first collect past causalities by referencing the textbooks. We then select the causalities if they can be useful for considering solutions for present social issues. To enhance the analogy, we describe each causality in three kinds of texts: background including problems, solution ways, and their results. From the selected causalities and an Encyclopedia of Historiography, we define categories for them. Finally, the created dataset contains 138 past causalities and 13 categories. Each past causality has more than one categories.</p> <p>To help training machine learning models, this dataset additionally provides 900 past event data in past_events_wikipedia.tsv. The event data were collected from Wikipedia, and then were assigned one or more categories from the above 13 ones. We have confirmed that SVM-RBF equipped with the above all categorized data obtained 73.6% precision, 55.8% recall and 63.5% F1 score</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>File contents</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Past causality data <ol> <li>historical_causalities_data.tsv: Detail of stored causalities.</li> <li>historical_causalities_regions.tsv: Regions where the causalities happened.</li> <li>historical_causalities_categories.tsv: Categories of the causalities.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Past event data <ol> <li>past_events_wikipedia.tsv: Descriptions of past events stored in Wikipedia. This file is useful for training machine learning model such as SVM.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Statistics (Statistics.tsv) <p> Results of statistical analyses for the dataset. We used Calinski and Harabaz method, mutual information, Jaccard Index, TF-IDF+JS divergence, and Meta-data Similarity that counts how many common categories two causalities share in order to measure qualities of the dataset.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Grants</strong>: JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26750076, 17K12792, and 19K20631</p>
FIGURES 28–36 in A review of the species of Anaspis (s. str.) similar to A. nigripes Brisout and A. apfelbecki Schilsky, with the description of three new species (Coleoptera: Scraptiidae)
FIGURES 28–36. Dorsal habitus: 28. Anaspis bertrami sp. n. female paratype (NMGW); 29. A. curva sp. n., male holotype (NMGW); 30. A. emarginata Schilsky, N. China, Heilunkiang, Erlungshan (BMNH); 31. A. cooteri sp. n., male paratype (NMGW); 32. A. marseuli Csiki, Japan, Hyogo, Haruki, Onsen Town (TPMJ); 33. A. nigripes Brisout de Barneville, male, France, Côte-d'Or, Pouilly-en-Auxois (NMGW); 34. A. apfelbecki Schilsky, paralectotype (ZMHB); 35. A. koenigi Schilsky, paralectotype (ZMHB); 36. A. graeca Schilsky, syntype (BMNH).
FIGURES 18–27 in A review of the species of Anaspis (s. str.) similar to A. nigripes Brisout and A. apfelbecki Schilsky, with the description of three new species (Coleoptera: Scraptiidae)
FIGURES 18–27. Apical abdominal ventrites of male: 18. A. apfelbecki Schilsky, paralectotype (ZMHB); 19. A. curva sp. n., holotype; 20. A. bertrami sp. n., holotype (NMGW); 21. A. emarginata Schilsky, N. China, Heilunkiang, Erlungshan (BMNH); 22. A. nigripes Brisout de Barneville, Spain: La Rioja, Nieva de Cameros, La Dehesa (NMGW); 23. A. koenigi Schilsky, paralectotype (ZMHB); 24. A. marseuli Csiki, Japan, Tochigi City (TPMJ); 25. A. marseuli Csiki, Japan, Utsunomiya City (TPMJ); 26. A. cooteri sp. n., paratype (NMGW); 27. A. graeca Schilsky, syntype (BMNH).
FIGURES 10–17 in A review of the species of Anaspis (s. str.) similar to A. nigripes Brisout and A. apfelbecki Schilsky, with the description of three new species (Coleoptera: Scraptiidae)
FIGURES 10–17. Male genitalia: 10. A. curva sp. n., holotype (NMGW); 11. A. bertrami sp. n., holotype (NMGW); 12. A. apfelbecki Schilsky, paralectotype (ZMHB); 13. A. apfelbecki Schilsky, paralectotype (ZMHB); 14. A. cooteri sp. n. holotype (NMGW); 15. A. nigripes Brisout de Barneville, France, Côte-d'Or, Pouilly-en-Auxois (NMGW); 16. A. koenigi Schilsky, paralectotype (ZMHB); 17. A. marseuli Csiki, Japan, Tochigi, Yunishikawa, Kuriyama Vill. (TPMJ).
FIGURES 1–9 in A review of the species of Anaspis (s. str.) similar to A. nigripes Brisout and A. apfelbecki Schilsky, with the description of three new species (Coleoptera: Scraptiidae)
FIGURES 1–9. Fore legs of male: 1. A. emarginata Schilsky, N. China, Heilunkiang, Erlungshan (BMNH); 2. A. nigripes Brisout de Barneville, France, Côte-d'Or, Pouilly –en-Auxois (NMGW); 3. A. cooteri sp. n., holotype (NMGW); 4. A. curva sp. n., holotype (NMGW); 5. A. bertrami sp. n., holotype (NMGW); 6. A. graeca Schilsky, syntype (BMNH); 7. A. apfelbecki Schilsky, paralectotype (ZMHB); 8. A. apfelbecki Schilsky, paralectotype (ZMHB); 9. A. marseuli Csiki, Japan, Tochigi, Tsurutanuma, Utsunomiya City (TPMJ).
Island biogeography of soil bacteria and fungi: similar patterns, but different mechanisms
<p>Microbes, similar to plants and animals, exhibit biogeographic patterns. However, in contrast with the considerable knowledge on the island biogeography of higher organisms, we know little about the distribution of microorganisms within and among islands. Here, we explored insular soil bacterial and fungal biogeography and underlying mechanisms, using soil microbiota from a group of land-bridge islands as a model system. Similar to island species-area relationships observed for many macroorganisms, both island-scale bacterial and fungal diversity increased with island area; neither diversity, however, was affected by island isolation. By contrast, bacterial and fungal communities exhibited strikingly different assembly patterns within islands. The loss of bacterial diversity on smaller islands was driven primarily by the systematic decline of diversity within samples, whereas the loss of fungal diversity on smaller islands was driven primarily by the homogenization of community composition among samples. Lower soil moisture limited within-sample bacterial diversity, whereas smaller spatial distances among samples restricted among-sample fungal diversity, on smaller islands. These results indicate that among-island differences in habitat quality generate the bacterial island species-area relationship, whereas within-island dispersal limitation generates the fungal island species-area relationship. Together, our study suggests that different mechanisms underlie similar island biogeography patterns of soil bacteria and fungi.</p>
More than meets the eye: syntopic and morphologically similar mangrove killifish species show different mating systems and patterns of genetic structure along the Brazilian coast
<p><a name="_Hlk40344892">Different mating systems can strongly affect the extent of genetic diversity and population structure among species. Given the increased effects of genetic drift on reduced population size, theory predicts that species undergoing self-fertilization should have greater population structure than outcrossed species, however demographic dynamics may affect this scenario. </a>The mangrove killifish clade is composed of the two only known examples of self-fertilising species among vertebrates (<i>Kryptolebias marmoratus </i>and <i>K</i>. <i>hermaphroditus</i>). A third species in this clade, <i>K. ocellatus, </i>inhabits mangrove forests in southeast Brazil, however its mating system and patterns of genetic structure have been rarely explored. Here, we examined the genetic structure and phylogeographic patterns of <i>K</i>. <i>ocellatus</i> along its distribution, using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites to compare its patterns of genetic structure with the predominantly selfing and often syntopic, <i>K</i>. <i>hermaphroditus.</i> Our results indicate that <i>K</i>. <i>ocellatus</i> reproduces mainly by outcrossing across much of its known range, with no current evidence of selfing, despite being an androdioecious species. Our results also reveal a stronger population subdivision in <i>K</i>. <i>ocellatus </i>compared to <i>K</i>. <i>hermaphroditus</i>, contrary to the theoretical predictions based on reproductive biology of the two species. Our findings indicate that, although morphologically similar, <i>K</i>. <i>ocellatus </i>and <i>K</i>. <i>hermaphroditus</i> had remarkably different evolutionary histories when colonising the same mangrove areas in south-eastern Brazil, with other factors (e. g. time of colonisation, dispersal/establishment capacity) having more profound effects on the current population structuring of those species than differences in mating systems.</p>
Data from: Tandem host-parasite dispersal inferred from similarities in phylogeographic patterns among little penguins and their 'terrestrial' ectoparasites
Aim Organisms with poor intrinsic dispersal capacity, such as parasites, often rely entirely on transport with host species that have a greater dispersal capacity. Penguins, for example, are exploited by terrestrial ectoparasites when they come ashore to breed. Recent research indicates that little penguin (Eudyptula minor and E. novaehollandiae) hard ticks (Ixodes eudyptidis and I. kohlsi) may be capable of surviving short periods (days) at sea with their hosts, but their capacity to survive longer voyages (weeks) is not known. We here aimed to assess whether phylogeographic patterns in little penguins and their ticks indicate that the terrestrial ectoparasites are able to disperse long distances at sea with their swimming hosts. Location Southern Australia and New Zealand. Taxon Ixodes eudyptidis and I. kohlsi ticks. Methods We conducted a broad-scale genomic assessment of little penguin ticks from across their hosts' ranges in Australia and New Zealand. Using Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS), we generated SNP data sets from ticks from 14 penguin colonies, and analysed phylogeographic structure. We included ticks from some sympatric flighted seabirds to verify host-specificity. Results We resolved two distinct lineages of Ixodes from little penguins, with one restricted to Australia, and the other found throughout New Zealand and in low numbers at some eastern Australian sites. Both lineages exhibited phylogeographic structure consistent with patterns observed in their hosts, with some evidence of occasional oceanic dispersal, including across the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand. Ticks from sympatric short-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna tenuirostris), which disperse aerially, were genetically distinct from those collected from little penguins, supporting prior evidence of host-specificity in seabird ticks. Main conclusions The most parsimonious explanation for our results is that ticks can travel at sea with little penguins. We infer that some terrestrial ectoparasites associated with aquatically-dispersing hosts have evolved the capacity to survive oceanic voyages.
Data from: Positive relationships between association strength and phenotypic similarity characterize the assembly of mixed-species bird flocks worldwide
Competition theory predicts that communities at small spatial scales should consist of species more dissimilar than expected by chance. We find a strikingly different pattern in a multi-continent dataset (55 presence-absence matrices from 24 locations) on the composition of mixed-species bird flocks, important subunits of local bird communities the world over. Using null models and randomization tests followed by meta-analysis, we find the association strength of species in flocks to be strongly related to similarity in body size and foraging behavior, and higher for congeneric compared with non-congeneric species pairs. Given the small spatial scale of our individual analyses, differences in habitat preferences of species are unlikely to have caused these association patterns; therefore, the patterns are most likely the outcome of species interactions. Extending group-living and social information use theory to a heterospecific context, we discuss potential behavioral mechanisms leading to positive interactions among similar species in flocks as well as ways in which competition costs are reduced. Our findings highlight the need to consider positive interactions along with competition when seeking to explain community assembly.
Data from: Isolated trees support lower bird taxonomic richness than trees within habitat patches but similar functional diversity
<p><span>Large isolated trees are keystone structures that can help maintain biodiversity in fragmented landscapes, with evidence that open areas with isolated trees may support similar levels of taxonomic diversity to nearby patches of habitat. However, it is not clear if isolated trees can support the same diversity of ecological functions as trees in habitat patches. We compared species richness, community composition and functional diversity of birds in trees at forest edges and isolated trees. Twenty isolated trees and ten edge trees of American muskwood (<i>Guarea guidonia</i>) were selected, and sampled on 11 occasions, each of 20 minutes, over four months. All individual birds that landed at trees were recorded using a standardized protocol. Species richness was, on average, almost twice as high at edge trees than at isolated trees. Taxonomic composition differed between edge and isolated trees, with many forest-dependent birds restricted to edge trees, and some open-area birds restricted to isolated trees. Overall functional diversity was similar at edge and isolated trees, but some ecological functions (e.g. frugivory) were less frequent, while others (e.g. granivory) were more frequent at isolated compared to edge trees. Isolated trees are important for supporting many ecological functions in modified areas. However, the maintenance of forest patches is essential to complement the provision of such functions in modified landscapes. </span></p>
Data from: Metabolically similar cohorts of bacteria exhibit strong co-occurrence patterns with diet items and eukaryotic microbes in lizard guts
Gut microbiomes perform essential services for their hosts, including helping them to digest food and manage pathogens and parasites. Performing these services requires a diverse and constantly changing set of metabolic functions from the bacteria in the microbiome. The metabolic repertoire of the microbiome is ultimately dependent on the outcomes of the ecological interactions of its member microbes, as these interactions in part determine the taxonomic composition of the microbiome. The ecological processes that underpin the microbiome's ability to handle a variety of metabolic challenges might involve rapid turnover of the gut microbiome in response to new metabolic challenges, or it might entail maintaining sufficient diversity in the microbiome that any new metabolic demands can be met from an existing set of bacteria. To differentiate between these scenarios, we examine the gut bacteria and resident eukaryotes of two generalist-insectivore lizards, while simultaneously identifying the arthropod prey each lizard was digesting at the time of sampling. We find that the cohorts of bacteria that occur significantly more or less often than expected with arthropod diet items or eukaryotes include bacteria species that are highly similar to each other metabolically. This pattern in the bacteria microbiome could represent an early step in the taxonomic shifts in bacteria microbiome that occur when host lineages change their in diet niche over evolutionary timescales.
Data from: Similarity in mycorrhizal communities associating with two widespread terrestrial orchids decays with distance
Aim: Interactions with mycorrhizal fungi are increasingly recognized as an important factor underlying the distribution and abundance of orchid species. However, the geographic distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) and how their communities vary over large geographical areas are less well understood. Because climatic and environmental similarity may decrease with geographical distance or because some OMF have limited dispersal capabilities, similarities in orchid mycorrhizal communities can be expected to decrease with increasing distances separating orchid populations. However, up till now empirical evidence is largely lacking. Location: Eurasia Taxa: Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Brown and Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz Methods: High-throughput sequencing was used to perform a cross-continental comparison of OMF that associate with two widespread Eurasian terrestrial orchids, Epipactis helleborine and Gymnadenia conopsea. Both phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic measures of community dissimilarity and their components were calculated and related to geographic distances using Mantel tests. Results: Our results showed that in both orchid species similarity in mycorrhizal communities decreased significantly with geographical distance. Decomposing the contribution of spatial turnover and nestedness to overall dissimilarity showed that the observed dissimilarity was mainly the result of species replacement between regions, and not of species loss. Similarly, a strong relationship was observed between phylogenetic community dissimilarity and geographic distance. Decomposing PCD values into a nonphylogenetic and phylogenetic component showed that orchid populations located closely next to each other were likely to contain the same OTUs, but that the non-shared taxa came from different phylogenetic clades. Species indicator analyses showed that the majority of OMF OTUs were restricted to particular geographic areas. However, some OTUs occurred in both continents, indicating that some fungi have very wide distributions. Main conclusions: Overall, these results demonstrate that orchid mycorrhizal communities differ substantially across large geographic areas, but that the distribution of orchids is not necessarily restricted by the distribution of particular OMF. Hence, widespread orchid species can be considered mycorrhizal generalists that are flexible in the OMF with which they associate across large geographic areas.
Patterns of speciation are similar across mountainous and lowland regions for a Neotropical plant radiation (Costaceae: Costus)
High species richness and endemism in tropical mountains are recognized as major contributors to the latitudinal diversity gradient. The processes underlying mountain speciation, however, are largely untested. The prevalence of steep ecogeographic gradients and the geographic isolation of populations by topographic features are predicted to promote speciation in mountains. We evaluate these processes in a species-rich Neotropical genus of understory herbs that range from the lowlands to montane forests and have higher species richness in topographically complex regions. We ask whether climatic niche divergence, geographic isolation, and pollination shifts differ between mountain-influenced and lowland Amazonian sister pairs inferred from a 756-gene phylogeny. Neotropical <i>Costus</i> ancestors diverged in Central America during a period of mountain formation in the last 3 My with later colonization of Amazonia. Although climatic divergence, geographic isolation, and pollination shifts are prevalent in general, these factors don't differ between mountain-influenced and Amazonian sister pairs. Despite higher climatic niche and species diversity in the mountains, speciation modes in <i>Costus</i> appear similar across regions. Thus, greater species richness in tropical mountains may reflect differences in colonization history, diversification rates, or the prevalence of rapidly evolving plant life forms, rather than differences in speciation mode.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.