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Fig. 3 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum
Fig. 3 Schematic representation of P. redivivus spermatozoa based on transmission electron microscopy. a Morphology of immature and mature spermatozoa. Immature spermatozoon is an unpolarized cell with nucleus devoid of nuclear envelope, mitochondria, and membranous organelles. Mature spermatozoon in female reproductive system is a bipolar cell with anterior pseudopodium and posterior main cell body containing chromatin, mitochondria, and membranous organelles that attached to cell membrane and open to the exterior via pores. Reproduced from Zograf (2014) with the permission from copyright holder (Russian Journal of Nematology). b Chain of conjugated mature spermatozoa in female reproductive system. Abbreviations: N, nucleus; mt, mitochondria; mo, membranous organelles; ch, nuclear chromatin; ps, pseudopodium; mcb, mail cell body
Fig. 1 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum
Fig. 1 Phylogeny of nematodes and MSP-based sperm motility. Phylogenetic relationships within phylum Nematoda derived primarily from SSU rDNA sequence data are given according to De Ley and Blaxter (2002). Suborders of the order Rhabditida, in which representatives highly homologous MSPs are found at DNA, RNA, or protein levels, are marked by underlining. Taxa whose species used in this study are marked with asterisks. Orders Trefusi- ida, Isolaimida, Dioctophyma- tida, Muspiceida, Marimermith- ida, and Desmoscolecida are not shown in this tree
Fig. 8 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum
Fig. 8 Putative MSPs those are most similar to peptide antigen. a P. redivivus MSPs aligned with peptide antigen. Protein sequences (Pan_g61.t1, Pan_g6018.t1, Pan_g6424.t1, Pan_g9068.t1, Pan_ g19433.t1, and Pan_g21178.t1) were found by Blast using peptide
Fig. 4 in Analysis of major sperm proteins in two nematode species from two classes, Enoplus brevis (Enoplea, Enoplida) and Panagrellus redivivus (Chromadorea, Rhabditida), reveals similar localization, but less homology of protein sequences than expected for Nematoda phylum
Fig. 4 Immunolocalization of MSP in P. redivivus sperm. a Immature spermatozoa extracted from male. MSP localizes in granules. In some cells, MSP has strongest signals in the periphery (arrowheads) (scale bar 10 µm). b Chain of mature spermatozoa extracted from female.
Amwaprin affects sperm motility
<p><strong><span>Amwaprin affects sperm motility. </span></strong><span>Sperm treated with recombinant Amwaprin (+) or without Amwaprin (–) observed using light microscopy 1 day after treatment, as depicted in Fig. 3. </span></p>
Male age alone predicts paternity success under sperm competition when effects of age and past mating effort are experimentally separated
<p>Older males often perform poorly under post-copulatory sexual selection. It is unclear, however, whether reproductive senescence is due to male age itself or the accumulated costs of the higher lifetime mating effort that is usually associated with male age. To date, very few studies have accounted for mating history and sperm storage when testing the effect of male age on sperm traits, and none test how age and past mating history influence paternity success under sperm competition. Here, we experimentally manipulate male mating history to tease apart its effects from that of age on ejaculate traits and paternity in the mosquitofish<i>, Gambusia holbrooki</i>. We found that old, naive males had more sperm than old, experienced males, while the reverse was true for young males. In contrast, neither male age nor mating history affected sperm velocity. Finally, using artificial insemination to experimentally control the number of sperm per male, we found that old males sired significantly more offspring than young males independently of their mating history. Our results highlight that the general pattern of male reproductive senescence described in many taxa may often be affected by two naturally confounding factors, male mating history and sperm age, rather than male age itself.</p>
Figure 4 in Sperm ultrastructure in two species of Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)
Figure 4. Longitudinal (LS) and transverse (TS) transmission electron micrograph sections of spermatozoa of Gyraulus (Gyraulus) albus. (a) LS, sperm head at the final stage of maturation. (b, c) LS, internal structure of the acrosomal complex. (d) TS, acrosomal pedestal. (e) TS, basal portion of the nucleus with trapezoid coarse fibres. (f) TS, neck region with trapezoid coarse fibres and a single glycogen mass surrounded by a thin band of mitochondrial derivative. (g) TS, anterior midpiece with triangular coarse fibres and four glycogen helices enclosed within a mitochondrial derivative. (h) LS, posterior portion of the nucleus, neck region and anterior portion of the midpiece. (i) LS, middle portion of the midpiece showing four glycogen helices, mitochondrial derivative and axial complex. (j) TS, middle portion of the midpiece showing three glycogen helices, mitochondrial derivatives and axial complex. (k) TS, middle portion of the midpiece with two glycogen helices, mitochondrial derivative and axoneme. (l) TS, posterior midpiece with a single glycogen helix. (m) TS, posterior
Figure 3 in Sperm ultrastructure in two species of Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)
Figure 3. Longitudinal (LS) and transverse (TS) transmission electron micrograph sections of spermatozoa of Gyraulus (Armiger) crista. (a, b) LS, head of a spermatozoon at the final stage of maturation. (c) LS, internal structure of the acrosomal complex. (d) TS, middle portion of the nucleus. (e) TS, basal portion of the nucleus with trapezoid coarse fibres and a single glycogen mass surrounded by a thin band of mitochondrial derivative. (f) TS, neck region with triangular coarse fibres and four glycogen helices enclosed within the mitochondrial derivative. (g) LS, middle portion of the midpiece with three glycogen helices, mitochondrial derivative and axoneme. (h) TS, middle portion of the midpiece with two glycogen helices, mitochondrial derivative and axoneme. (i) TS, posterior portion of the midpiece with a single glycogen helix. (j) TS, portion of the midpiece without glycogen helices. (k, l) LS, annulus region showing a ring at the tip of the mitochondrial derivative (black arrows) and a cylinder at the anterior end of the glycogen piece (white arrows). (m) TS, glycogen region with the axoneme. (n) TS, axoneme in the tail region with a complete 9 + 2
Figure 2 in Sperm ultrastructure in two species of Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)
Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of sperm heads. (a) Gyraulus (Armiger) crista. (b) Gyraulus (Gyraulus) albus. Scale bars: a, b = 1 µm.
Figure 1 in Sperm ultrastructure in two species of Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)
Figure 1. General view of spermatozoa. Light microscopy. (a) Gyraulus (Armiger) crista. (b) Gyraulus (Gyraulus) albus. Scale bars: a, b = 50 µm.
Figure 2 in Apocrine secretion of the egg hull in oogenesis and exclusion of sperm organelles at fertilization make reproduction in Chitonida (Mollusca) unique
Figure 2. (A) Portion of Figure 1C enlarged to show a region (boxed area) of apical bleb formation and aposome release from oocyte (O) into the forming hull (H). Scale bar = 2 µm. Inset: centriole (C) with rootlets in cytoplasm of late oocyte. Scale bar = 0.3 µm. (B) 3D image of microapocrine secretion from the oocyte (O) to the forming hull (H) created from an area similar to that in box in (A). Image was formed from 12 digitized serial sections entered into 'Reconstruct'. (C) TEM of Littorina sitkana bursa copulatrix, showing macroapocrine secretions (MS) being released from the cell surface (CS) to the lumen. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Figure 1 in Apocrine secretion of the egg hull in oogenesis and exclusion of sperm organelles at fertilization make reproduction in Chitonida (Mollusca) unique
Figure 1. (A) Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of oocyte type with closed hull cupules (C) found in some species of Acanthochitona and Cyanoplax. The example is Cyanoplax dentiens. Scale bar = 40 µm. (B) Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of section of later stage oocyte (O) of A. garnoti showing characteristic form of closed cupules (C). FC, follicle cell. Scale bar = 10 µm. (C) TEM of forming hull cupule (H) of A. garnoti showing three areas of microapocrine secretion (arrows) from surface of oocyte (O). FN, follicle cell nucleus. Scale bar = 5 µm. (D) TEM of one region of microapocrine secretion release below the forming hull (H). Note elongate apical blebs (AB), like microvilli, extending from cell membrane of oocyte (O). Micro-aposomes are pinched off and released into the intercellular space, where the hull is forming. Note also: rare Golgi vesicle exocytosis (arrow). Scale bar = 1 µm. (E) TEM detail of
Figure 3 in Apocrine secretion of the egg hull in oogenesis and exclusion of sperm organelles at fertilization make reproduction in Chitonida (Mollusca) unique
Figure 3. (A) SEM of egg of Stenosemus albus exhibiting the spinous hull typical of Chitonina. Scale bar = 50 µm. (B) SEM of portion of egg of S. albus showing sperm (arrow) penetrating one of a series of pores in the hull (P) located at the bases of spines. Scale bar = 5 μm. (C) Tip of needle-like extension of sperm of S. albus, showing acrosomal vesicle (AV) and tip of nuclear filament (N). Scale bar = 0.1 µm. (D) Light micrograph (LM) taken with Nomarski optics of
Sperm numbers on the perivitelline layers of blue tit eggs are repeatable within a clutch, but independent of the occurrence of extra-pair paternity
In many socially monogamous bird species, females produce offspring sired by males other than their social partner. A large body of research has aimed to elucidate the evolutionary causes and consequences of such extra-pair paternity, but relatively little is known about the underlying behaviour. The number of sperm on the egg's perivitelline layers (PVL) is related to recent copulation activity and may thus give some insight into the female's mating behaviour. We used a simple technique that allowed us to remove embryonic cells from the blastoderm for DNA extraction whilst keeping the PVL intact for sperm counts. Using 243 eggs from 99 blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), we show that PVL sperm numbers were repeatable within clutches (r = 0.40 [95% CI: 0.25-0.53]). However, neither overall sperm numbers, nor changes in sperm numbers across the laying sequence differed between clutches that contained extra-pair sired eggs and those that did not. Our results therefore provide no evidence that females with and without extra-pair young differ in their copulation activity.
Figure 6 in Cephalopods in the potential prey field of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) (Cetacea: Physeteridae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Figure 6. SWAPS stations with more than eight cephalopod individuals in potential prey species (based on 1082 individuals).
Figure 5 in Cephalopods in the potential prey field of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) (Cetacea: Physeteridae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Figure 5. Potential cephalopod prey of sperm whales by station (of 1082 individuals with verified identifications).
Sperm competition risk affects ejaculate strategy in terms of sperm number but not sperm size in squid
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>In polygamous species, the mode of sperm storage in females influences evolution of sperm quantitative and qualitative traits because it provides the arena for sperm competition, cryptic female choice and fertilization processes. In this study, we compared ejaculate traits of two squid species, <i>Heterololigo bleekeri </i>and <i>Loligo reynaudii</i>. Both species show dimorphic sperm traits associated with alternative reproductive tactics where consort and sneaker males transfer sperm to different storage sites within a female (on the oviduct and near the mouth, respectively). Due to differences in reproductive behaviours and sperm placement, sperm competition risk is expected to be higher in sneakers than in consorts of both species, and higher overall in <i>L. reynaudii</i>. Our results demonstrate that the instantaneous number of released sperm is adjusted to the expected sperm competition risk via an elaborate sperm package. Consort sperm are similar in size, however, sneaker sperm have a significantly longer flagellum in <i>H. bleekeri </i>than in <i>L. reynaudii</i>, most likely due to intra-tactic conflicts associated with sperm storage conditions. From consideration of the different mating tactics, we suggest that while levels of sperm competition determine quantitative traits, sperm quality traits are determined more by the mode of sperm storage and fertilization.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
FIGURE 5 in Fine Structure Of The Male Genital Systems, Spermatophores And Unusual Sperm Cells Of Saxidromidae (Acari, Actinotrichida)
FIGURE 5: See next page
Sperm induction in the social spider Anelosimus jabaquara Levi, 1956 (Theridiidae)
<p>Movie file to accompany Sperm induction in the social spider Anelosimus jabaquara Levi, 1956 (Theridiidae), Arachnology 18(9).</p>
Data from: Testing potential mechanisms of conspecific sperm precedence in Drosophila pseudoobscura
<p><i>Drosophila pseudoobscura</i> females that co-occur with sister species <i>D. persimilis</i> show elevated fertilization by conspecific sperm when they mate with both a heterospecific and a conspecific male. This phenomenon, known as conspecific sperm precedence (CSP), has evolved as a mechanism to avoid maladaptive hybridization with <i>D. persimilis</i>. In this study, we assessed pericopulatory (during mating) and postcopulatory (after mating) traits in crosses with sympatric or allopatric <i>D. pseudoobscura </i>females and conspecific or heterospecific males to evaluate potential mechanisms of CSP in this system. We observed shorter copulation duration in crosses with sympatric females, but found no difference in quantity of sperm transferred or female reproductive tract toxicity between sympatry and allopatry. Our data show some support for the hypothesis that parasperm, a short, sterile sperm morph, can protect fertile eusperm from the <i>D. pseudoobscura </i>female reproductive tract, though it is unclear how this might affect patterns of sperm use in sympatry vs. allopatry. Overall, these results suggest that copulation duration could potentially contribute to the elevated CSP observed in sympatry.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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